Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-x24gv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-10T19:29:26.751Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

26 - Social Processes and Dyadic Designs

from Part VI - Intensive Longitudinal Designs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2020

By
Robert D. Vlisides-Henry ,
Sheila E. Crowell ,
Erin A. Kaufman  and
Betty Lin
Edited by
Aidan G. C. Wright  and
Michael N. Hallquist
Aidan G. C. Wright
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Michael N. Hallquist
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
Get access

Summary

Humans are a social species, wired for relationships. The presence or absence of another has salient effects on human responding. This chapter discusses important considerations for dyadic research, including key concepts and theories, common designs and measures, recent innovations, and unique challenges. Attachment theory is foundational for understanding a range of dyadic relationships, including child-caregiver, peer, and romantic couples. Social baseline theory provides further context regarding how humans utilize relationships to enhance survival potential. Numerous dyadic methods and measures exist, though fewer are designed for peer relationships. Recent innovations have focused on automated coding methods, vocal pitch analysis, and cutting-edge statistics. Common obstacles for dyadic research include participant scheduling, ethical concerns, complex research paradigms, and data set configuration.

Keywords

dyadsattachmentsocial baselineinfantsadolescentscouples
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Research Methods in Clinical Psychology , pp. 337 - 349
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1969). Object Relations, Dependency, and Attachment: A Theoretical Review of the Infant-Mother Relationship. Child Development, 40, 969–1025.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
American Psychological Association (APA). (2017). Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (2002, Amended June 1, 2010 and January 1, 2017). Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspxGoogle Scholar
Aspland, H., & Gardner, F. (2003). Observational Measures of Parent-Child Interaction: An Introductory Review. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 8, 136–143.Google Scholar
Baucom, B. (2010). Power and Arousal: New Methods for Assessing Couples. In Hahlweg, K., Grawe-Gerber, M., & Baucom, D. H. (Eds.), Enhancing Couples: The Shape of Couple Therapy to Come (pp. 171–184). Cambridge, MA: Hogrefe.Google Scholar
Baucom, B. R., Atkins, D. C., Eldridge, K., McFarland, P., Sevier, M., & Christensen, A. (2011). The Language of Demand/Withdraw: Verbal and Vocal Expression in Dyadic Interactions. Journal of Family Psychology, 25, 570–580.Google Scholar
Baucom, B. R. W., Leo, K., Adamo, C., Georgiou, P., & Baucom, K. J. W. (2017). Conceptual and Statistical Issues in Couples Observational Research: Rationale and Methods for Design Decisions. Journal of Family Psychology, 31, 972–982.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baucom, B. R. W., Baucom, K. J. W., Hogan, J. N., Crenshaw, A. O., Bourne, S. V., Crowell, S. E., … Goodwin, M. S. (2018). Cardiovascular Reactivity during Marital Conflict in Laboratory and Naturalistic Settings: Differential Associations with Relationship and Individual Functioning across Contexts. Family Process, 57, 662–678.Google Scholar
Beauchaine, T. P. (2015). Future Directions in Emotion Dysregulation and Youth Psychopathology. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 44, 875–896.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beauchaine, T. P., & Crowell, S. E. (Eds.). (In press). Oxford Handbook of Emotion Dysregulation. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beauchaine, T. P., & Thayer, J. F. (2015). Heart Rate Variability as a Transdiagnostic Biomarker of Psychopathology. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 98, 338–350.Google Scholar
Beckes, L., & Coan, J. A. (2011). Our Social Baseline: The Role of Social Proximity in Economy of Action. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 12, 89–104.Google Scholar
Billman, G. E. (2011). Heart Rate Variability – A Historical Perspective. Frontiers in Physiology, 2, 1–13.Google Scholar
Black, M. P., Katsamanis, A., Baucom, B. R., Lee, C. C., Lammert, A. C., Christensen, A., … Narayanan, S. S. (2013). Toward Automating a Human Behavioral Coding System for Married Couples’ Interactions Using Speech Acoustic Features. Speech Communication, 55, 1–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowlby, J. (1951). Maternal Care and Mental Health (Vol. 2). Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar
Bowlby, J. (1960). Separation Anxiety. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 41, 89–114.Google Scholar
Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and Loss: Retrospect and Prospect. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52, 664–678.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bowlby, J., Ainsworth, M., Boston, M., & Rosenbluth, D. (1956). The Effects of Mother-Child Separation: A Follow-Up Study. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 29, 211–247.Google Scholar
Brechwald, W. A., & Prinstein, M. J. (2011). Beyond Homophily: A Decade of Advances in Understanding Peer Influence Processes. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 21, 166–179.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bretherton, I. (1985). Attachment Theory: Retrospect and Prospect. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50, 3–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bryan, C. J., Baucom, B. R., Crenshaw, A. O., Imel, Z., Atkins, D. C., Clemans, T. A., … Rudd, M. D. (2018). Associations of Patient-Rated Emotional Bond and Vocally Encoded Emotional Arousal among Clinicians and Acutely Suicidal Military Personnel. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86, 372–383.Google Scholar
Bukowski, W. M., Laursen, B., & Rubin, K. H. (Eds.). (2018). Handbook of Peer Interactions, Relationships, and Groups (2nd edn.). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Butler, E. A. (2015). Interpersonal Affect Dynamics: It Takes Two (and Time) to Tango. Emotion Review, 7, 336–341.Google Scholar
Butler, E. A., & Randall, A. K. (2013). Emotional Coregulation in Close Relationships. Emotion Review, 5, 202–210.Google Scholar
Butler, E. A., Wilhelm, F. H., & Gross, J. J. (2006). Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia, Emotion, and Emotion Regulation during Social Interaction. Psychophysiology, 43, 612–622.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Butner, J., Behrends, A. A., & Baucom, B. R. (2017). Mapping Co-Regulation in Social Relations through Exploratory Topology Analysis. In Vallacher, R. R., Read, S. J., & Nowak, A. (Eds.), Computational Social Psychology (pp. 144–177). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Butner, J., Diamond, L. M., & Hicks, A. M. (2007). Attachment Style And Two Forms of Affect Coregulation between Romantic Partners. Personal Relationships, 14, 431–455.Google Scholar
Campbell, D. J., Shic, F., Macari, S., & Chawarska, K. (2014). Gaze Response to Dyadic Bids at 2 Years Related to Outcomes at 3 Years in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Subtyping Analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44, 431–442.Google Scholar
Carter, A. S., & Briggs-Gowan, M. J. (2006). ITSEA: Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment Examiner’s Manual. San Antonio, TX: PsychCorp.Google Scholar
Cassidy, J., & Shaver, P. R. (1999). Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Cheng, Y., Chen, C., Lin, C. P., Chou, K. H., & Decety, J. (2010). Love Hurts: An fMRI Study. Neuroimage, 51, 923–929.Google Scholar
Chauvigné, L. A. S., Belyk, M., Brown, S. (2018). Taking Two to Tango: fMRI Analysis of Improvised Joint Action with Physical Contact. PLoS ONE, 13, e0191098.Google Scholar
Chorney, J. M., McMurtry, C. M., Chambers, C. T., & Bakeman, R. (2015). Developing and Modifying Behavioral Coding Schemes in Pediatric Psychology: A Practical Guide. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 40, 154–164.Google Scholar
Choukas-Bradley, S., Giletta, M., Cohen, G. L., & Prinstein, M. J. (2015). Peer Influence, Peer Status, and Prosocial Behavior: An Experimental Investigation of Peer Socialization of Adolescents’ Intentions to Volunteer. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 44, 2197–2210.Google Scholar
Cicchetti, D., & Rogosch, F. A. (2002). A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective on Adolescence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 6–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coan, J. A. (2008). Toward a Neuroscience of Attachment. In Cassidy, J. & Shaver, P. R. (Eds.), Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications (2nd edn., pp. 241–265). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Coan, J. A. (2010). Adult Attachment and the Brain. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 27, 210–217.Google Scholar
Coan, J. A., & Gottman, J. M. (2007). The Specific Affect Coding System (SPAFF). In Coan, J. A. & Allen, J. J. B. (Eds.), Handbook of Emotion Elicitation and Assessment: Series in Affective Science (pp. 267–285). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Coan, J. A., Schaefer, H. S., & Davidson, R. J. (2006). Lending a Hand: Social Regulation of the Neural Response to Threat. Psychological Science, 17, 1032–1039.Google Scholar
Cole, P. M., Michel, M. K., & Teti, L. O. D. (1994). The Development of Emotion Regulation and Dysregulation: A Clinical Perspective. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59, 73–100.Google Scholar
Collins, N. L., & Feeney, B. C. (2004). Working Models of Attachment Shape Perceptions of Social Support: Evidence from Experimental and Observational Studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 363–383.Google Scholar
Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult Attachment, Working Models, and Relationship Quality in Dating Couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 644–663.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conradt, E., & Ablow, J. (2010). Infant Physiological Response to the Still-Face Paradigm: Contributions of Maternal Sensitivity and Infants’ Early Regulatory Behavior. Infant Behavior and Development, 33, 251–265.Google Scholar
Cook, W. L., & Kenny, D. A. (2005). The Actor-Partner Interdependence Model: A Model of Bidirectional Effects in Developmental Studies. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29, 101–109.Google Scholar
Crowell, S. E. (2016). Biting the Hand That Feeds: Current Opinion on the Interpersonal Causes, Correlates, and Consequences of Borderline Personality Disorder. F1000Research, 5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crowell, S. E., Beauchaine, T. P., McCauley, E., Smith, C. J., Vasilev, C. A., & Stevens, A. L. (2008). Parent-Child Interactions, Peripheral Serotonin, and Self-Inflicted Injury in Adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 15–21.Google Scholar
Crowell, S. E., Beauchaine, T. P., Bride, D. L., Hsiao, R. C., & McCauley, E. (2011). Dyadic Psychophysiology during Conflict: Family Process and Emotion Dysregulation in Self-Injuring and Depressed Adolescents. Paper presented at the Society for Research in Child Development, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. April.Google Scholar
Crowell, S. E., Baucom, B. R., McCauley, E., Potapova, N. V., Fitelson, M., Barth, H., … Beauchaine, T. P. (2013). Mechanisms of Contextual Risk for Adolescent Self-Injury: Invalidation and Conflict Escalation in Mother-Child Interactions. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 42, 467–480.Google Scholar
Crowell, S. E., Butner, J. E., Wiltshire, T. J., Munion, A. K., Yaptangco, M., & Beauchaine, T. P. (2017a). Evaluating Emotional and Biological Sensitivity to Maternal Behavior among Self-Injuring and Depressed Adolescent Girls Using Nonlinear Dynamics. Clinical Psychological Science, 5, 272–285.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crowell, S. E., Price, C. J., Puzia, M. E., Yaptangco, M., & Cheng, S. C. (2017b). Emotion Dysregulation and Autonomic Responses to Film, Rumination, and Body Awareness: Extending Psychophysiological Research to a Naturalistic Clinical Setting and a Chemically Dependent Female Sample. Psychophysiology, 54, 713–723.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crowell, S. E., Puzia, M. E., & Yaptangco, M. (2015). The Ontogeny of Chronic Distress: Emotion Dysregulation across the Life Span and Its Implications for Psychological and Physical Health. Current Opinion in Psychology, 3, 91–99.Google Scholar
Dalton, W. T., Frick-Horbury, D., & Kitzmann, K. M. (2006). Young Adults’ Retrospective Reports of Parenting by Mothers and Fathers: Associations with Current Relationship Quality. Journal of General Psychology, 133, 5–18.Google Scholar
Davison, K. K., Charles, J. N., Khandpur, N., & Nelson, T. J. (2017). Fathers’ Perceived Reasons for Their Underrepresentation in Child Health Research and Strategies to Increase Their Involvement. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 21, 267–274.Google Scholar
Deater-Deckard, K., Pylas, M., & Petrill, S. A. (1997). The Parent-Child Interaction System (PARCHISY). London: Institute of Psychiatry.Google Scholar
Diamond, L. M. (2015) The Biobehavioral Legacy of Early Attachment Relationships for Adult Emotional and Interpersonal Functioning. In Zayas, V. & Hazan, C. (Eds.), Bases of Adult Attachment (pp. 79–105). New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Diamond, L. M., & Fagundes, C. P. (2010). Psychobiological Research on Attachment. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 27, 218–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diamond, L. M., & Hicks, A. M. (2005). Attachment Style, Current Relationship Security, and Negative Emotions: The Mediating Role of Physiological Regulation. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 22, 499–518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, C. A., & Porter, C. L. (2009). The Emergence of Mother-Infant Co-Regulation during the First Year: Links to Infants’ Developmental Status and Attachment. Infant Behavior and Development, 32, 147–158.Google Scholar
Feeney, J. A., & Noller, P. (1990). Attachment Style as a Predictor of Adult Romantic Relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 281–291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feldman, R. (2007). Parent-Infant Synchrony and the Construction of Shared Timing; Physiological Precursors, Developmental Outcomes, and Risk Conditions. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 329–354.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feldman, R. (2012). Parent-Infant Synchrony: A Biobehavioral Model of Mutual Influences in the Formation of Affiliative Bonds. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 77, 42–51.Google Scholar
Fischer, M. S., Baucom, D. H., Kirby, J. S., & Bulik, C. M. (2015). Partner Distress in the Context of Adult Anorexia Nervosa: The Role of Patients’ Perceived Negative Consequences of AN and Partner Behaviors. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 48, 67–71.Google Scholar
Fraley, R. C., Waller, N. G., & Brennan, K. A. (2000). An Item Response Theory Analysis of Self-Report Measures of Adult Attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 350–365.Google Scholar
Fraley, R. C., Heffernan, M. E., Vicary, A. M., & Brumbaugh, C. C. (2011). The Experiences in Close Relationships – Relationship Structures Questionnaire: A Method for Assessing Attachment Orientations across Relationships. Psychological Assessment, 23, 615–625.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fogel, A. (1994). Co-Regulation Coding System. Unpublished manual, University of Utah.Google Scholar
Gallo, L. C., & Smith, T. W. (2001). Attachment Style in Marriage: Adjustment and Responses to Interaction. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 18, 263–289.Google Scholar
Gardner, M., & Steinberg, L. (2005). Peer Influence on Risk Taking, Risk Preference, and Risky Decision Making in Adolescence and Adulthood: An Experimental Study. Developmental Psychology, 41, 625–635.Google Scholar
Gillath, O., Mikulincer, M., Fitzsimons, G. M., Shaver, P. R., Schachner, D. A., & Bargh, J. A. (2006). Automatic Activation of Attachment-Related Goals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 1375–1388.Google Scholar
Granic, I., O’Hara, A., Pepler, D., & Lewis, M. D. (2007). A Dynamic Systems Analysis of Parent-Child Changes Associated with Successful “Real-World” Interventions for Aggressive Children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35, 845–857.Google Scholar
Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional Assessment of Emotion Regulation: Development, Factor Structure, and Initial Validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 41–54.Google Scholar
Gyure, M. E., Quillin, J. M., Rodríguez, V. M., Markowitz, M. S., Corona, R. A., Borzelleca, J. F., … Bodurtha, J. N. (2014). Practical Considerations for Implementing Research Recruitment Etiquette. IRB: Ethics and Human Research, 36, 7–12.Google Scholar
Hawkley, L. C., Thisted, R. A., Masi, C. M., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2010). Loneliness Predicts Increased Blood Pressure: 5-Year Cross-Lagged Analyses in Middle-Aged and Older Adults. Psychology and Aging, 25, 132–141.Google Scholar
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic Love Conceptualized as an Attachment Process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511–524.Google Scholar
Hesse, E. (1999). The Adult Attachment Interview: Historical and Current Perspectives. In Cassidy, J. & Shaver, P. R. (Eds.), Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications (pp. 395–433). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Hofer, M. A. (1994). Hidden Regulators in Attachment, Separation, and Loss. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59, 192–207.Google Scholar
Hofer, M. A. (2006). Psychobiological Roots of Early Attachment. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 84–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hughes, A. E., Crowell, S. E., Uyeji, L., & Coan, J. A. (2012). A Developmental Neuroscience of Borderline Pathology: Emotion Dysregulation and Social Baseline Theory. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40, 21–33.Google Scholar
Joel, S., MacDonald, G., & Shimotomai, A. (2011). Conflicting Pressures on Romantic Relationship Commitment for Anxiously Attached Individuals. Journal of Personality, 79, 51–74.Google Scholar
Joiner, T. E., Hom, M. A., Hagan, C. R., & Silva, C. (2016). Suicide as a Derangement of the Self-Sacrificial Aspect of Eusociality. Psychological Review, 123, 235–254.Google Scholar
Kenny, D. A. (2005). Cross-Lagged Panel Design. In Everitt, B. S. & Howell, D. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Statistics in Behavioral Science (pp. 240–451). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.Google Scholar
Kerig, P. K., & Baucom, D. H. (Eds.). (2004). Couple Observational Coding Systems. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Leclère, C., Viaux, S., Avril, M., Achard, C., Chetouani, M., Missonnier, S., & Cohen, D. (2014). Why Synchrony Matters during Mother-Child Interactions: A Systematic Review. PloS One, 9, e113571.Google Scholar
Lindahl, K. M., & Malik, N. M. (2000). System for Coding Interactions and Family Functioning. Miami, FL: University of Miami.Google Scholar
Lopes, V. P., Gabbard, C., & Rodrigues, L. P. (2013). Physical Activity in Adolescents: Examining Influence of the Best Friend Dyad. Journal of Adolescent Health, 52, 752–756.Google Scholar
Lotzin, A., Lu, X., Kriston, L., Schiborr, J., Musal, T., Romer, G., & Ramsauer, B. (2015). Observational Tools for Measuring Parent-Infant Interaction: A Systematic Review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 18, 99–132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lunkenheimer, E., Tiberio, S. S., Buss, K. A., Lucas‐Thompson, R. G., Boker, S. M., & Timpe, Z. C. (2015). Coregulation of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia between Parents and Preschoolers: Differences by Children’s Externalizing Problems. Developmental Psychobiology, 57, 994–1003.Google Scholar
Moore, G. A., Hill‐Soderlund, A. L., Propper, C. B., Calkins, S. D., Mills‐Koonce, W. R., & Cox, M. J. (2009). Mother-Infant Vagal Regulation in the Face‐to‐Face Still‐Face Paradigm Is Moderated by Maternal Sensitivity. Child Development, 80, 209–223.Google Scholar
Ostlund, B. D., Measelle, J. R., Laurent, H. K., Conradt, E., & Ablow, J. C. (2017). Shaping Emotion Regulation: Attunement, Symptomatology, and Stress Recovery within Mother-Infant Dyads. Developmental Psychobiology, 59, 15–25.Google Scholar
Parent, J., Forehand, R., Pomerantz, H., Peisch, V., & Seehuus, M. (2017). Father Participation in Child Psychopathology Research. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 45, 1259–1270.Google Scholar
Patterson, A. C., & Veenstra, G. (2010). Loneliness and Risk of Mortality: A Longitudinal Investigation in Alameda County, California. Social Science and Medicine, 71, 181–186.Google Scholar
Perry, N. S., Baucom, K. J., Bourne, S., Butner, J., Crenshaw, A. O., Hogan, J. N., … Baucom, B. R. (2017). Graphic Methods for Interpreting Longitudinal Dyadic Patterns from Repeated-Measures Actor-Partner Interdependence Models. Journal of Family Psychology, 31, 592–603.Google Scholar
Pietromonaco, P. R., & Beck, L. A. (2015). Attachment Processes in Adult Romantic Relationships. In Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., Simpson, J. A., & Dovidio, J. F. (Eds.), APA Handbooks in Psychology. APA Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 3: Interpersonal Relations (pp. 33–64). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Pietromonaco, P. R., Uchino, B., & Dunkel Schetter, C. (2014). Close Relationship Processes and Health: Implications of Attachment Theory for Health and Disease. Health Psychology, 32, 499–513.Google Scholar
Prinstein, M. J., & Giletta, M. (2016). Peer Relations and Developmental Psychopathology. In Cicchetti, D. (Ed.), Developmental Psychopathology (3rd edn., pp. 529–579). Hoboken, NJ: WileyGoogle Scholar
Prinstein, M. J., Borelli, J. L., Cheah, C. S., Simon, V. A., & Aikins, J. W. (2005). Adolescent Girls’ Interpersonal Vulnerability to Depressive Symptoms: A Longitudinal Examination of Reassurance-Seeking and Peer Relationships. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 676–688.Google Scholar
Raby, K. L., Cicchetti, D., Carlson, E. A., Cutuli, J. J., Englund, M. M., & Egeland, B. (2012). Genetic and Caregiving-Based Contributions to Infant Attachment: Unique Associations with Distress Reactivity and Attachment Security. Psychological Science, 23, 1016–1023.Google Scholar
Ravitz, P., Maunder, R., Hunter, J., Sthankiya, B., & Lancee, W. (2010). Adult Attachment Measures: A 25-Year Review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 69, 419–432.Google Scholar
Roberts, N. A., Tsai, J. L., & Coan, J. A. (2007). Emotion Elicitation Using Dyadic Interaction Tasks. In Coan, J. A. & Allen, J. B. (Eds.), Handbook of Emotion Elicitation and Assessment (pp. 106–123). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Robles, T. F., Slatcher, R. B., Trombello, J. M., & McGinn, M. M. (2014). Marital Quality and Health: A Meta-Analytic Review. Psychological Bulletin, 140, 140–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roisman, G. I., Holland, A., Fortuna, K., Fraley, R. C., Clausell, E., & Clarke, A. (2007). The Adult Attachment Interview and Self-Reports of Attachment Style: An Empirical Rapprochement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 678–697.Google Scholar
Shaver, P. R., & Mikulincer, M. (2010). New Directions in Attachment Theory and Research. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 27, 163–172.Google Scholar
Stankovic, J. A. (2014). Research Directions for the Internet of Things. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 1, 3–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stubbs, J., Crosby, L., Forgatch, M. S., & Capaldi, D. M. (1998). Family and Peer Process Code: A Synthesis of Three Oregon Social Learning Center Behavior Codes. Eugene: Oregon Social Learning Center.Google Scholar
Tronick, E. Z., Als, H., Adamson, L., Wise, S., & Brazelton, T. B. (1978). The Infant’s Response to Entrapment between Contradictory Messages in Face-to-Face Interaction. Journal of American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 17, 1–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trout, D. L. (1980). The Role of Social Isolation in Suicide. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 10, 10–23.Google Scholar
Uchino, B. N., Smith, T. W., & Berg, C. A. (2014). Spousal Relationship Quality and Cardiovascular Risk: Dyadic Perceptions of Relationship Ambivalence Are Associated with Coronary-Artery Calcification. Psychological Science, 25, 1037–1042.Google Scholar
Walsh, E. I., & Brinker, J. K. (2015). Delay between Recruitment and Participation Impacts on Preinclusion Attrition. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 68, 635–640.Google Scholar
Wittenborn, A. K., Dolbin‐MacNab, M. L., & Keiley, M. K. (2013). Dyadic Research in Marriage and Family Therapy: Methodological Considerations. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 39, 5–16.Google Scholar
Xiao, B., Imel, Z. E., Georgiou, P. G., Atkins, D. C., & Narayanan, S. S. (2015). “Rate My Therapist”: Automated Detection of Empathy in Drug and Alcohol Counseling via Speech and Language Processing. PLoS One, 10, e0143055.Google Scholar
Yang, Y. C., Boen, C., Gerken, K., Li, T., Schorpp, K., & Harris, K. M. (2016). Social Relationships and Physiological Determinants of Longevity across the Human Life Span. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113, 578–583.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×