This chapter centers on The Tragic Muse, James's 1890 novel about the artistic vocation and the fate of art in a debasing material world, taking a special interest in the character of Gabriel Nash, by common consent the premier “Oscar Wilde figure” in the Jamesian canon. In a way that bears watching, Nash himself consistently thwarts the efforts of others to fix the label “aesthete” (or any other) upon him: “Ah, there's one of the formulas ! That's walking in one's hat !” (TM 27). Nash's point is not that he is not an aesthete, since he clearly fits the mold, but rather that the attribution can scarcely be benign, since it participates in a reductive logic of specification that seeks to taxonomize social identities and, if possible, to control them. James's diffuse novel follows the development of two artistic aspirants, Miriam Rooth, who eventually conquers the London stage by exercising the “unscrupulous … wanton” willpower of the born artist, and Nicholas Dormer, who violates “innumerable vows and pledges” of family tradition by renouncing a career in Parliament for one in portrait painting (TM 240, 298).