Amir, N., Beard, C., Taylor, C. T., Klumpp, H., Elias, J., Burns, M., & Chen, X. (2009). Attention training in individuals with generalized social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77(5), 961–973.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Amir, N., Prouvost, C., & Kuckertz, J. M. (2012). Lack of a benign interpretation bias in social anxiety disorder. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 41(2), 119–129.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Amir, N., & Taylor, C. T. (2012). Interpretation training in individuals with generalized social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80(3), 497–511.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bantin, T., Stevens, S., Gerlach, A. L., & Hermann, C. (2016). Journal of Behavior Therapy and What does the facial dot-probe task tell us about attentional processes in social anxiety? A systematic review. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 50, 40–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., Pergamin, L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2007). Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: A meta-analytic study. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 1–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Barmish, A. J., & Kendall, P. C. (2005). Should parents be co-clients in cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxious youth? Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34, 569–581.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Barrett, P. M., Farrell, L., Pina, A. A., Peris, T. S., & Piacentini, J. (2008). Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for child and adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 37, 131–155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Beard, C. (2011). Cognitive bias modification for anxiety: Current evidence and future directions. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 11, 299–311.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Beard, C., Weisberg, R. B., & Primack, J. (2012). Socially anxious primary care patients’ attitudes toward cognitive bias modification (CBM): A qualitative study. Behavioral and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 40, 618–633.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bechor, M., Pettit, J. W., Silverman, W. K., Bar-Haim, Y., Abend, R., Pine, D. S., … Jaccard, J. (2014). Attention bias modification treatment for children with anxiety disorders who do not respond to cognitive behavioral therapy: A case series. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28, 154–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bittner, A., Egger, H. L., Erkanli, A., Jane Costello, E., Foley, D. L., & Angold, A. (2007). What do childhood anxiety disorders predict? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 48, 1174–1183.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Blossom, J. B., Ginsburg, G. S., Birmaher, B., Walkup, J. T., Kendall, P. C., Keeton, C. P., … Albano, A. M. (2013). Parental and family factors as predictors of threat bias in anxious youth. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 37, 812–819.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bögels, S. M., & Zigterman, D. (2000). Dysfunctional cognitions in children with social phobia, separation anxiety disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28, 205–211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Boutelle, K. N., Kuckertz, J. M., Carlson, J., & Amir, N. (2014). A pilot study evaluating a one-session attention modification training to decrease overeating in obese children. Appetite, 76, 180–185.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Breinholst, S., Esbjorn, B. H., Reinholdt-Dunne, M. L., & Stallard, P. (2012). CBT for the treatment of child anxiety disorders: A review of why parental involvement has not enhanced outcomes. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26, 416–424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Britton, J. C., Bar-Haim, Y., Clementi, M. A., Sankin, L. S., Chen, G., Shechner, T., … Pine, D. S. (2013). Training-associated changes and stability of attention bias in youth: Implications for attention bias modification treatment for pediatric anxiety. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 4, 52–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Carmona, A. R., Kuckertz, J. M., Suway, J., Amir, N., Piacentini, J., & Chang, S. W. (2015). Attentional bias in youth with clinical anxiety: The moderating effect of age. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 29, 185–196.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Chavira, D. A., Stein, M. B., Bailey, K., & Stein, M. T. (2004). Child anxiety in primary care: Prevalent but untreated. Depression and Anxiety, 20, 155–164.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Christiana, J. M., Gilman, S. E., Guardino, M., Mickelson, K., Morselli, P. L., Olfson, M., & Kessler, R. C. (2000). Duration between onset and time of obtaining initial treatment among people with anxiety and mood disorders: An international survey of members of mental health patient advocate groups. Psychological Medicine, 30, 693–703.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Clarke, P. J. F., Notebaert, L., & MacLeod, C. (2014). Absence of evidence or evidence of absence: Reflecting on therapeutic implementations of attentional bias modification. BMC Psychiatry, 14, 8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Collins, K. A., Westra, H. A., Dozois, D. J. A., & Burns, D. D. (2004). Gaps in accessing treatment for anxiety and depression: Challenges for the delivery of care. Clinical Psychology Review, 24, 583–616.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Connolly, S. D., Bernstein, G. A., & The Work Group on Quality Issues. (2007). Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 46, 267–283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Creswell, C., Schniering, C. A., & Rapee, R. M. (2005). Threat interpretation in anxious children and their mothers: Comparison with nonclinical children and the effects of treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 1375–1381.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Cristea, I. A., Kok, R. N., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). Efficacy of cognitive bias modification interventions in anxiety and depression: Meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 206, 7–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Cristea, I., Mogoase, C., David, D., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). Practitioner review: Cognitive bias modification for mental health problems in children and adolescents: A meta‐analysis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56, 723–734.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Daleiden, E. L., & Vasey, M. W. (1997). An information processing perspective on childhood anxiety. Clinical Psychology Review, 17, 407–429.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Dennis-Tiwary, T. A., Egan, L. J., Babkirk, S., & Denefrio, S. (2016). For whom the bell tolls: Neurocognitive individual differences in the acute stress-reduction effects of an attention bias modification game for anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 77, 105–117.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Eldar, S., Apter, A., Lotan, D., Edgar, K. P., Naim, R., Fox, N. A., … Bar-Haim, Y. (2012). Attention bias modification treatment for pediatric anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 169, 213–220.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Fitzgerald, A., Rawdon, C., & Dooley, B. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of attention bias modification training for socially anxious adolescents. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 84, 1–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Foley, D. L., Pickles, A., Maes, H. M., Silberg, J. L., & Eaves, L. J. (2004). Course and short-term outcomes of separation anxiety disorder in a community sample of twins. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 1107–1114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fu, X., Du, Y., Au, S., & Lau, J. Y. F. (2013). Reducing negative interpretations in adolescents with anxiety disorders: A preliminary study investigating the effects of a single session of cognitive bias modification training. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 4, 29–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Furr, R. M., & Bacharach, V. R. (2014). Psychometrics: An Introduction (2nd edn.). SAGE.Google Scholar

Gifford, S., Reynolds, S., Bell, S., & Wilson, C. (2008). Threat interpretation bias in anxious children and their mothers. Cognition & Emotion, 22, 497–508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gilboa-Schechtman, E., Foa, E. B., & Amir, N. (1999). Attentional biases for facial expressions in social phobia: The face-in-the-crowd paradigm. Cognition & Emotion, 13, 305–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Goldstein, R. B., Olfson, M., Wickramaratne, P. J., & Wolk, S. I. (2006). Use of outpatient mental health services by depressed and anxious children as they grow up. Psychiatric Services, 57, 966–975.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Gunter, R. W., & Whittal, M. L. (2010). Dissemination of cognitive-behavioral treatments for anxiety disorders: Overcoming barriers and improving patient access. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 194–202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hajcak, G., Meyer, A., & Kotov, R. (2017). Psychometrics and the neuroscience of individual differences: Internal consistency limits between-subjects effects. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126, 823–834.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hakamata, Y., Lissek, S., Bar-Haim, Y., Britton, J. C., Fox, N. A., Leibenluft, E., … Pine, D. S. (2010). Attention bias modification treatment: A meta-analysis toward the establishment of novel treatment for anxiety. Biological Psychiatry, 68, 982–990.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hallion, L. S., & Ruscio, A. M. (2011). A meta-analysis of the effect of cognitive bias modification on anxiety and depression. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 940–958.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hayes, S., Hirsch, C. R., Krebs, G., & Mathews, A. (2010). The effects of modifying interpretation bias on worry in generalized anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 171–178.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Heeren, A., Mogoase, C., Philippot, P., & McNally, R. J. (2015). Attention bias modification for social anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 40, 76–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Holmes, E. A., Mathews, A., Dalgleish, T., & Mackintosh, B. (2006). Positive interpretation training: Effects of mental imagery versus verbal training on positive mood. Behavior Therapy, 37, 237–247.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hughes, A., & Kendall, P. C. (2008). Effect of a positive emotional state on interpretation bias for threat in children with anxiety disorders. Emotion, 8, 414–418.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Huijding, J., Field, A. P., De Houwer, J., Vandenbosch, K., Rinck, M., & van Oeveren, M. (2009). A behavioral route to dysfunctional representations: The effects of training approach or avoidance tendencies towards novel animals in children. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 471–477.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Huppert, J. D., Foa, E. B., Furr, J. M., Filip, J. C., & Mathews, A. (2003). Interpretation bias in social anxiety: A dimensional perspective. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 569–577.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Iacoviello, B. M., Wu, G., Abend, R., Murrough, J. W., Feder, A., Fruchter, E., … Charney, D. S. (2014). Attention bias variability and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 27, 232–239.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

In-Albon, T., Dubi, K., Rapee, R. M., & Schneider, S. (2009). Forced choice reaction time paradigm in children with separation anxiety disorder, social phobia, and nonanxious controls. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 1058–1065.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Insel, T. R. (2014). The NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Project: Precision medicine for psychiatry. American Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 395–397.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Insel, T. R., & Gogtay, N. (2014). National Institute of Mental Health clinical trials: New opportunities, new expectations. JAMA Psychiatry, 71, 745–746.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kelleher, K. J., & Gardner, W. (2010). Out of sight, out of mind – Behavioral and developmental care for rural children. New England Journal of Medicine, 376(14), 1301–1303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kenney, E. L., & Gortmaker, S. L. (2017). United States adolescents’ television, computer, videogame, smartphone, and tablet use: Associations with sugary drinks, sleep, physical activity, and obesity. Journal of Pediatrics, 182, 144–149.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Klein, A. M., Rapee, R. M., Hudson, J. L., Schniering, C. A., Wuthrich, V. M., Kangas, M., … Rinck, M. (2015). Interpretation modification training reduces social anxiety in clinically anxious children. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 75, 78–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Koster, E. H. W., Crombez, G., Verschuere, B., & De Houwer, J. (2004). Selective attention to threat in the dot probe paradigm: Differentiating vigilance and difficulty to disengage. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 1183–1192.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kraemer, H. (2010). >Moderators and mediators: The MacArthur updated view. In Steptoe, A. (ed.), Handbook of behavioral medicine: Methods and applications. Springer.Google Scholar

Kuckertz, J. M., & Amir, N. (2015). Attention bias modification for anxiety and phobias: Current status and future directions. Current Psychiatry Reports, 17, 9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kuckertz, J. M., Amir, N., Boffa, J. W., Warren, C. K., Rindt, S. E. M., Norman, S., … McLay, R. (2014). The effectiveness of an attention bias modification program as an adjunctive treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 25–35.Google Scholar

Kuckertz, J. M., Gildebrant, E., Liliequist, B., Karlström, P., Väppling, C., Bodlund, O., … Carlbring, P. (2014). Moderation and mediation of the effect of attention training in social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 53, 30–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kuckertz, J. M., Schofield, C. A., Clerkin, E. M., Primack, P., Boettcher, H., Weisberg, R. B., Amir, N., & Beard, C. (2018). Attentional bias modification for social anxiety disorder: What do patients think and why does it matter? Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. Advance online publication. doi:10.1017/S1352465818000231CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Langley, A. K., Bergman, R. L., McCracken, J., & Piacentini, J. C. (2004). Impairment in childhood anxiety disorders: Preliminary examination of the Child Anxiety Impact Scale – parent version. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 14, 105–114.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Langley, A. K., Peris, T., Wiley, J. F., Kendall, P. C., Ginsburg, G., Birmaher, B., … Piacentini, J. (2014). The Child Anxiety Impact Scale: Examining parent- and child-reported impairment in child anxiety disorders. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 43, 579–591.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Lau, J. Y. F., & Pile, V. (2015). Can cognitive bias modification of interpretations training alter mood states in children and adolescents? A reanalysis of data from six studies. Clinical Psychological Science, 3, 112–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Linetzky, M., Pergamin-Hight, L., Pine, D. S., & Bar-Haim, Y. (2015). Quantitative evaluation of the clinical efficacy of attention bias modification treatment for anxiety disorders. Depression and Anxiety, 32, 383–391.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Lord, F.-M. (1958). The utilization of unreliable difference scores. Journal of Educational Psychology, 49, 150–152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lowther, H., & Newman, E. (2014). Attention bias modification (ABM) as a treatment for child and adolescent anxiety: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 168, 125–135.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

MacLeod, C., & Clarke, P. J. F. (2015). The attentional bias modification approach to anxiety intervention. Clinical Psychological Science, 3, 58–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

MacLeod, C., & Mathews, A. (2012). Cognitive bias modification approaches to anxiety. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 8, 189–217.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

MacLeod, C., Mathews, A., & Tata, P. (1986). Attentional bias in emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 15–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Manassis, K., Russell, K., & Newton, A. S. (2010). The Cochrane Library and the treatment of childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders: An overview of reviews. Evidence-Based Child Health, 5, 541–554.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. M. (2002). Induced processing biases have causal effects on anxiety. Cognition and Emotion, 16, 331–354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McNally, R. J., Enock, P. M., Tsai, C., & Tousian, M. (2013). Attention bias modification for reducing speech anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51, 882–888.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Menne-Lothmann, C., Viechtbauer, W., Höhn, P., Kasanova, Z., Haller, S. P., Drukker, M., … Lau, J. Y. F. (2014). How to boost positive interpretations? A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of cognitive bias modification for interpretation. PloS One, 9(6), e100925.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Micco, J. A., Henin, A., & Hirshfeld-Becker, D. R. (2014). Efficacy of interpretation bias modification in depressed adolescents and young adults. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 38, 89–102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mogoaşe, C., David, D., & Koster, E. H. W. (2014). Clinical efficacy of attentional bias modification procedures: An updated meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70, 1133–1157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Moser, J. S., Hajcak, G., Huppert, J. D., Foa, E. B., & Simons, R. F. (2008). Interpretation bias in social anxiety as detected by event-related brain potentials. Emotion, 8, 693–700.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Muris, P., & Field, A. P. (2008). Distorted cognition and pathological anxiety in children and adolescents. Cognition & Emotion, 22, 395–421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Notebaert, L., Clarke, P. J. F., Grafton, B., & MacLeod, C. (2015). Validation of a novel attentional bias modification task: The future may be in the cards. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 65, 93–100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Orchard, F., Apetroaia, A., Clarke, K., & Creswell, C. (2017). Cognitive bias modification of interpretation in children with social anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 45, 1–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Pergamin-Hight, L., Pine, D. S., Fox, N. A., & Bar-Haim, Y. (2016). Attention bias modification for youth with social anxiety disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 57, 1317–1325.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Peter, J. P., Churchill, G. a. Jr., & Brown, T. J. (1993). Caution in the use of difference scores in consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 19, 655. doi:10.1086/209329CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Posner, M. I. (1980). Orienting of attention. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32, 3–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Price, R. B., Kuckertz, J. M., Siegle, G. J., Ladouceur, C. D., Silk, J. S., Ryan, N. D., … Amir, N. (2015). Empirical recommendations for improving the stability of the dot-probe task in clinical research. Psychological Assessment, 27, 365–376.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Price, R. B., Wallace, M., Kuckertz, J. M., Amir, N., Graur, S., Cummings, L., … Bar-Haim, Y. (2016). Pooled patient-level meta-analysis of children and adults completing a computer-based anxiety intervention targeting attentional bias. Clinical Psychology Review, 50, 37–49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Reuland, M. M., & Teachman, B. A. (2014). Interpretation bias modification for youth and their parents: A novel treatment for early adolescent social anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28, 851–864.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Riemann, B. C., Kuckertz, J. M., Rozenman, M., Weersing, V. R., & Amir, N. (2013). Augmentation of youth cognitive behavioral and pharmacological interventions with attention modification: A preliminary investigation. Depression and Anxiety, 30, 822–828.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Rinck, M., Becker, E. S., Kellermann, J., & Roth, W. T. (2003). Selective attention in anxiety: Distraction and enhancement in visual search. Depression and Anxiety, 18, 18–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Rooksby, M., Elouafkaoui, P., Humphris, G., Clarkson, J., & Freeman, R. (2015). Internet-assisted delivery of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for childhood anxiety: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 29, 83–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Roy, A. K., Dennis, T. A., & Warner, C. M. (2015). A critical review of attentional threat bias and its role in the treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 29, 171–184.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Roy, A. K., Vasa, R. A., Bruck, M., Mogg, K., Bradley, P., Sweeney, M., … Team, C. (2008). Attention bias toward threat in pediatric anxiety disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 1189–1196.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Rozenman, M., Amir, N., & Weersing, V. R. (2014). Performance-based interpretation bias in clinically anxious youths: Relationships with attention, anxiety, and negative cognition. Behavior Therapy, 45, 594–605.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Rozenman, M., Weersing, V. R., & Amir, N. (2011). A case series of attention modification in clinically anxious youths. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 324–330.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Salemink, E., Wolters, L., & De Haan, E. (2015). Augmentation of treatment as usual with online cognitive bias modification of interpretation training in adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder: A pilot study. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 49, 112–119.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Schmidt, N. B., Richey, J. A., Buckner, J. D., & Timpano, K. R. (2009). Attention training for generalized social anxiety disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 5–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Shechner, T., Jarcho, J. M., Britton, J. C., Leibenluft, E., Pine, D. S., & Nelson, E. E. (2013). Attention bias of anxious youth during extended exposure of emotional face pairs: An eye-tracking study. Depression and Anxiety, 30(1), 14–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Shechner, T., Rimon-Chakir, A., Britton, J. C., Lotan, D., Apter, A., Bliese, P. D., … Bar-Haim, Y. (2014). Attention bias modification treatment augmenting effects on cognitive behavioral therapy in children with anxiety: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 53, 61–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Taghavi, M. R., Moradi, A. R., Neshat-Doost, H. T., Yule, W., & Dalgleish, T. (2000). Interpretation of ambiguous emotional information in clinically anxious children and adolescents. Cognition & Emotion, 14, 809–822.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Taylor, C. T., & Amir, N. (2012). Modifying automatic approach action tendencies in individuals with elevated social anxiety symptoms. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50, 529–536.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Trafimow, D. (2015). A defense against the alleged unreliability of difference scores. Cogent Mathematics, 2: 1064626.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Van Bockstaele, B., Verschuere, B., Tibboel, H., De Houwer, J., Crombez, G., & Koster, E. H. W. (2014). A review of current evidence for the causal impact of attentional bias on fear and anxiety. Psychological Bulletin, 140, 682–721.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Vassilopoulos, S. P., Brouzos, A., & Andreou, E. (2015). A multi-session attribution modification program for children with aggressive behaviour: Changes in attributions, emotional reaction estimates, and self-reported aggression. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 43, 538–548.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Vrijsen, J. N., Hertel, P. T., & Becker, E. S. (2016). Practicing emotionally biased retrieval affects mood and establishes biased recall a week later. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 40, 764–773.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Walkup, J. T., Albano, A. M., Ph, D., Piacentini, J., Birmaher, B., Compton, S. N., … Kendall, P. C. (2008). Cognitive behavioral therapy or a combination in childhood anxiety. The New England Journal of Medicine, 359, 2753–2766.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Waters, A. M., Craske, M. G., Bergman, R. L., & Treanor, M. (2008). Threat interpretation bias as a vulnerability factor in childhood anxiety disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 39–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Waters, A. M., Farrell, L. J., Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Milliner, E., Tiralongo, E., Donovan, C. L., … Ollendick, T. H. (2014). Augmenting one-session treatment of children’s specific phobias with attention training to positive stimuli. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 62, 107–119.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Waters, A. M., Pittaway, M., Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., & Pine, D. S. (2013). Attention training towards positive stimuli in clinically anxious children. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 4, 77–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Waters, A. M., Wharton, T. A., Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., & Craske, M. G. (2008). Threat-based cognitive biases in anxious children: Comparison with non-anxious children before and after cognitive behavioural treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 358–374.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Waters, A. M., Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Craske, M. G., Pine, D. S., Bradley, B. P., & Mogg, K. (2015). Look for good and never give up: A novel attention training treatment for childhood anxiety disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 73, 111–123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Waters, A. M., Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Craske, M. G., Pine, D. S., Bradley, B. P., & Mogg, K. (2016). A preliminary evaluation of a home-based, computer-delivered attention training treatment for anxious children living in regional communities. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 7, 511–527.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

White, L. K., Sequeira, S., Britton, J. C., Brotman, M. A., Gold, A. L., Berman, E., … Pine, D. S. (2017). Complementary features of attention bias modification therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in pediatric anxiety disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 174, 775–784.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

White, L. K., Suway, J. G., Pine, D. S., Field, A. P., Lester, K. J., Muris, P., … Fox, N. A. (2016). The cognitive and emotional effects of cognitive bias modification in interpretations in behaviorally inhibited youth. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 7, 499–510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wolf, M. M. (1978). Social validity: The case for subjective measurement or how applied behavior analysis is finding its heart. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 11, 203–214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Zvielli, A., Bernstein, A., & Koster, E. H. W. (2015). Temporal dynamics of attentional bias. Clinical Psychological Science, 3, 772–788.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Zvielli, A., Vrijsen, J. N., Koster, E. H. W., & Bernstein, A. (2016). Attentional bias temporal dynamics in remitted depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125, 768–776.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed