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Effect of tillage systems, N, and cover crop on the composition of weed flora

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Clarence J. Swanton ,
Anil Shrestha ,
Robert C. Roy ,
Bonnie R. Ball-Coelho  and
Stevan Z. Knezevic
Anil Shrestha
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
Robert C. Roy
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Laboratory, Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Delhi, Ontario, Canada N4B 2W9
Bonnie R. Ball-Coelho
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Laboratory, Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Delhi, Ontario, Canada N4B 2W9
Stevan Z. Knezevic
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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Abstract

The adoption of conservation tillage systems has been challenged by concerns potential weed species shifts. A 9-yr study from 1988 to 1996 was conducted Delhi, Ontario, on a loamy sand soil to evaluate the effect of tillage systems (conventional [CT] and no-till [NT]), cover crop Secale cereale, and nitrogen (N) rate (0, 50, 100, 125, 150, and 200 kg N ha−1) on monocrop Zea mays L. (corn) yield and changes in the composition of the weed flora. CT consisted of spring moldboard plowing followed by cultivation with a tooth cultivator. Weed counts were taken in the last 3 yr of the study (1994, 1995, and 1996) prior to postemergence herbicide application and then again 2 to 3 wk after herbicide treatment. Composition or the weed flora was analyzed by canonical discriminant analysis (CDA). The relationship between weed density and tillage system was not consistent. Weed species composition differed between CT and NT systems. Chenopodium album and Amaranthus retroflexus were associated with CT and Digitaria sanguinalis with NT. N rate and cover crop did not affect weed density or species composition. Proper management of weeds with herbicides appeared to minimize any long-term effect on the weed flora resulting from varying N rates. Zea mays yields did not differ between CT and NT systems but were greater in both systems with a cover crop at the higher N rates. Disturbance caused by tillage was more important than N rate and cover crop as a mechanism influencing composition of the weed flora.

Keywords

Amaranthus retroflexus L. AMARE, redroot pigweedDigitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. DIGSA, large crabgrassChenopodium album L. CHEAL, common lambsquartersEuphorbia vermiculata Raf. EUPVE, hairy-stemmed spurgeMolluga verticillata L. MOLVE, carpetweedPortulaca oleracea L. POROL, common purslaneSecale cereale L., ryeZea mays L., cornCanonical discriminant analysiscropping systemsintegrated weed managementweed shiftsAMAREDIGSACHEALEUPVEMOLVEPOROL
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 47 , Issue 4 , August 1999 , pp. 454 - 461
Copyright
Copyright © 1999 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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