By the end of the first third of the twentieth century, much progress had been made in neuropathology, in recognizing the necropsy findings in patients with brain and subarachnoid hemorrhages and brain infarctions. The anatomy and distribution of the arteries that supplied the brain had been extensively studied and published (see Chapters 12 and 23). The clinical neurological symptoms and signs in patients with various localized brain lesions had been studied and discussed in published literature (see Chapters 10, 11, 14, and 23). Neurosurgeons had begun to attempt to drain brain hemorrhages. But stroke continued to be of little interest to most general physicians and neurologists. There were no doctors who called themselves stroke specialists.