Kleczkowiski, B. M., Roemer, M. I., Van der Werff, A.. National health systems and their reorientation towards health for all: guidance for policy-making. 1984. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/41638/WHO_PHP_77.pdf;jsessionid=06AFC07DC9A86CADF27B9D8FC439C712?sequence=1 (accessed June 17, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Declaration of Alma-Ata International Conference on Primary Health Care, Alma-Ata, USSR, 6–12 September 1978. 1978. www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/almaata-declaration-en.pdf?sfvrsn=7b3c2167_2 (accessed June 14, 2020).Google Scholar

Roemer, M. I.. National Health Systems of the World. New York, Oxford University Press, 1991.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. The World Health Report 2000: Health Systems – Improving Performance. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2000. www.who.int/whr/2000/en/whr00_en.pdf?ua=1 (accessed June 14, 2020).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Everybody Business: Strengthening Health Systems to Improve Health Outcomes: WHO’s Framework for Action. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007. www.who.int/healthsystems/strategy/everybodys_business.pdf (accessed December, 2020).Google Scholar

Roemer, M. I.. National health systems throughout the world. Annu Rev Publ Health 1993; 14: 335–353.Google Scholar

Elling, R. H.. Cross-National Study of Health Systems. New Brunswick, Transaction Publishers, 1980.Google Scholar

Soucat, A.. Financing common goods for health: fundamental for health, the foundation for UHC. Health Syst Reform 2019; 5(4): 263–267.Google Scholar

Costanza, R., Graumlich, L., Steffen, W., et al., Sustainability or collapse: what can we learn from integrating the history of humans and the rest of nature? Ambio 2007;36(7):522–527.Google Scholar

Paina, L., Peters, D. H.. Understanding pathways for scaling up health services through the lens of complex adaptive systems. Health Policy Plan 2012; 27(5): 365–373.Google Scholar

Scott, J., Leischow, S. J., Milstein, B.. Systems thinking and modeling for public health practice. Am J Public Health 2014; 96(3): 403–405.Google Scholar

Navarro, V. A.. A systems approach to health planning. Health Serv Res 1969; 4(2): 96.Google Scholar

Donabedian, A.. Evaluating the quality of medical care. Millbank Mem Fund Q 1996; 44(1): 166–203.Google Scholar

Berman, P., Bitran, R.. The World Bank. Health systems analysis for better health system strengthening. HNP Discussion Paper 65927. 2011. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/13593/659270WP0Healt00Box365730B00PUBLIC0.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (accessed June 25, 2020).Google Scholar

Peters, D. H.. The application of systems thinking in health: why use systems thinking? Health Res Policy Syst 2014; 12: 51.Google Scholar

Kielmann, A. A., Siddiqi, S., Mwadime, R. K. N.. District health planning manual toolkit for district health managers: Ministry of Health Government of Pakistan in collaboration with Multi-donor Support Unit (MSU). 2002. https://msph1blog.files.wordpress.com/2016/10/kielmann-manual-didtrict-health-planning.pdf (accessed June 30, 2020).Google Scholar

Roemer, M. I.. Health system components and their relationships. National Health Systems of the World. Volume I, The Countries. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1991.Google Scholar

Kielmann, A. A., Janovsky, K., Annett, H.. Assessing District Health Needs, Services and Systems: Protocols for Rapid Data Collection and Analysis. Basingstoke, Macmillan, 1991.Google Scholar

World Health Organization, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. Glossary. 2009. www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/partners/observatory (accessed July 10, 2020).Google Scholar

Public Health Agency of Canada. Canada’s response to WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health. 2007. www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/sdh-dss/glos-eng.php (accessed December, 2020).Google Scholar

Berman, P.. Health sector reform: making health development sustainable. Health Policy 1995; 32(1–3): 13–28.Google Scholar

Nilsen, P.. Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworks. Implement Sci 2015; 10: 53.Google Scholar

Shakarishvili, G., Atun, R., Berman, P., et al. Converging health systems frameworks: towards a concepts-to-actions roadmap for health systems strengthening in low and middle income countries. Glob Health Govern 2010; 3(2).Google Scholar

Kruk, M. E., Gage, A. D., Arsenault, C., et al. High-quality health systems in the Sustainable Development Goals era: time for a revolution. Lancet Glob Health 2018; 6(11): e1196–e1252.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Robert, M. J., Hsiao, W., Berman, P., et al. Getting Health Reform Right. A Guide to Improving Performance and Equity. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2008.Google Scholar

Murray, C. J., Frenk, J.. A framework for assessing the performance of health systems. Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78(6): 714–731.Google Scholar

Kielmann, A. A., Neuvians, D., Kipp, W., et al. Quality, quantity and utilization of basic health services. In Hoda, R., ed., Evaluation of the Impact of Health Interventions. Liege, Derouaux Ordina Editions, 1995.Google Scholar

World Health Organization, United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). A vision for primary health care in the 21st century: towards universal health coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals. 2018. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/328065 (accessed June 18, 2021).Google Scholar

Guzys, D.. Community and primary health care. In Guzys, D., Brown, R., Halcomb, E., et al., eds., An Introduction to Community and Primary Health Care. Victoria, Cambridge University Press, 2017, pp. 3–19.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Declaration of Alma-Ata. 1978. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/almaata-declaration-en.pdf?sfvrsn=7b3c2167_2 (accessed June 12, 2021).Google Scholar

Kluge, H., Kelley, E., Theodorakis, P. N., et al. Forty years on from Alma Ata: present and future of primary health care research. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2018; 19(5): 421–423.Google Scholar

Kruk, M. E., Porignon, D., Rockers, P. C., et al. The contribution of primary care to health and health systems in low- and middle-income countries: a critical review of major primary care initiatives. Soc Sci Med 2010; 70(6): 904–911.Google Scholar

Starfield, B., Shi, L., Macinko, J.. Contribution of primary care to health systems and health. Milbank Q 2005; 83(3): 457–502.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Primary health care and health emergencies. 2018. www.who.int/docs/default-source/primary-health-care-conference/emergencies.pdf?sfvrsn=687d4d8d_2 (accessed June 11, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization, United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Declaration of Astana. 2018. www.who.int/docs/default-source/primary-health/declaration/gcphc-declaration.pdf (accessed June 15, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization, United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Operational Framework for Primary Health Care: Transforming Vision into Action. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2020. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/337641 (accessed June 16, 2021).Google Scholar

Weiyuan, C.. China’s village doctors take great strides. Bull World Health Organ 2008; 86(12): 914–915.Google Scholar

Bryant, J. H., Richmond, J. B.. Alma-Ata and primary health care: an evolving story. In Heggenhougen, H. K., ed., International Encyclopedia of Public Health. Boston, MA, Elsevier, 2008, pp. 152–174.Google Scholar

Bryant, J.. Health and the Developing World. New York, Cornell University Press, 1969.Google Scholar

McKeown, T.. The Modern Rise of Population. New York, Academic Press, 1976.Google Scholar

Newell, K. W.. World Health Organization. Health by the people. 1975. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/40514 (accessed June 15, 2021).Google Scholar

Taylor, C. E., ed. Doctors for the Villages: Study of Rural Internships in Seven Indian Medical Colleges. New York, Asia Publishing House, 1976.Google Scholar

Rifkin, S. B.. Alma Ata after 40 years: primary health care and health for all – from consensus to complexity. BMJ Glob Health 2018; 3(Suppl. 3): e001188.Google Scholar

Cueto, M.. The origins of primary health care and selective primary health care. Am J Public Health 2004; 94(11): 1864–1874.Google Scholar

World Health Assembly. Thirty-second World Health Assembly, Geneva, 7–25 May 1979: resolutions and decisions. 1979. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/153658 (accessed June 18, 2021).Google Scholar

Hone, T., Macinko, J., Millett, C.. Revisiting Alma-Ata: what is the role of primary health care in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals? Lancet 2018; 392(10156): 1461–1472.Google Scholar

Rohde, J., Cousens, S., Chopra, M., et al. 30 years after Alma-Ata: has primary health care worked in countries? Lancet 2008; 372(9642): 950–961.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Walsh, J. A., Warren, K. S.. Selective primary health care: an interim strategy for disease control in developing countries. N Engl J Med 1979; 301(18): 967–974.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. The World Health Report 2008: Primary Health Care (Now More Than Ever). Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/43949 (accessed June 18, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. The World Health Report 2010: Health Systems Financing – the Path to Universal Coverage. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2010. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44371 (accessed June 19, 2021).Google Scholar

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Goal 3: ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. 2016. https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal3 (accessed June 18, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Progressing primary health care: a series of country studies. 2018. www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/WHO-HIS-SDS-2018.17 (accessed June 18, 2021).Google Scholar

Edelman, A., Marten, R., Montenegro, H., et al. Modified scoping review of the enablers and barriers to implementing primary health care in the COVID-19 context. Health Policy Plan 2021; 36(7): 1163–1186.Google Scholar

Jungo, K. T., Anker, D., Wildisen, L.. Astana declaration: a new pathway for primary health care. Int J Public Health 2020; 65(5): 511–512.Google Scholar

Valentijn, P. P., Schepman, S. M., Opheij, W., et al. Understanding integrated care: a comprehensive conceptual framework based on the integrative functions of primary care. Int J Integr Care 2013; 13: e010.Google Scholar

Brown, L. J., Oliver-Baxter, J.. Six elements of integrated primary healthcare. Aust Fam Physician 2016; 45(3): 149–152.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Integrating health services. Brief, technical series on primary health care. 2018. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/326459/WHO-HIS-SDS-2018.50-eng.pdf (accessed June 18, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Framework on integrated, people-centred health services: report by the secretariat. 2016. https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA69/A69_39-en.pdf (accessed June 13, 2021).Google Scholar

Ngo Bibaa, L. O.. Primary health care beyond COVID-19: dealing with the pandemic in Cameroon. BJGP Open 2020; 4(4): bjgpopen20X101113.Google Scholar

Rechel, B.. How to enhance the integration of primary care and public health? Approaches, facilitating factors and policy options. 2020. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/330491 (accessed June 15, 2021).Google Scholar

Barkley, S., Starfield, B., Shi, L., et al. The contribution of primary care to health systems and health. In Kidd, M., Heath, I., Howe, A., eds., Family Medicine: The Classic Papers. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press, 2016, pp. 191–239.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Primary health care: closing the gap between public health and primary care through integration. 2018. www.who.int/publications/i/item/primary-health-care-closing-the-gap-between-public-health-and-primary-care-through-integration (accessed June 18, 2021).Google Scholar

Freund, T., Everett, C., Griffiths, P., et al. Skill mix, roles and remuneration in the primary care workforce: who are the healthcare professionals in the primary care teams across the world? Int J Nurs Stud 2015; 52(3): 727–743.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Rio Political Declaration on Social Determinants of Health. 2011. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/social-determinants-of-health/rio_political_declaration.pdf?sfvrsn=6842ca9f_5&download=true (accessed June 18, 2021).Google Scholar

Salunke, S., Lal, D. K.. Multisectoral approach for promoting public health. Indian J Public Health 2017; 61(3): 163–168.Google Scholar

Lin, S. C., Chen, I. J., Yu, W. R., et al. Effect of a community-based participatory health literacy program on health behaviors and health empowerment among community-dwelling older adults: a quasi-experimental study. Geriatr Nurs 2019; 40(5): 494–501.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. 1986. www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/129532/Ottawa_Charter.pdf (accessed June 18, 2021).Google Scholar

UNAIDS. Invest in advocacy: community participation in accountability is key to ending the AIDS epidemic. 2016. www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/JC2830_invest_in_advocacy_en.pdf (accessed June 18, 2021).Google Scholar

Rohrer, K., Rajan, D., Population consultation on needs and expectations. In Schmets, G., Rajan, D., Kadandale, S., eds., Strategizing National Health in the 21st Century: A Handbook. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2016, pp. 35–102.Google Scholar

Cyril, S., Smith, B. J., Possamai-Inesedy, A., et al. Exploring the role of community engagement in improving the health of disadvantaged populations: a systematic review. Glob Health Action 2015; 8: 29842.Google Scholar

Reeve, C., Humphreys, J., Wakerman, J., et al. Strengthening primary health care: achieving health gains in a remote region of Australia. Med J Aust 2015; 202(9): 483–487.Google Scholar

Smylie, J., Kirst, M., McShane, K., et al. Understanding the role of Indigenous community participation in Indigenous prenatal and infant-toddler health promotion programs in Canada: a realist review. Soc Sci Med 2016; 150: 128–143.Google Scholar

Torri, M. C.. Multicultural social policy and community participation in health: new opportunities and challenges for indigenous people. Int J Health Plann Manage 2012; 27(1): e18–e40.Google Scholar

Williams, M. V., Baker, D. W., Honig, E. G., et al. Inadequate literacy is a barrier to asthma knowledge and self-care. Chest 1998; 114(4): 1008–1015.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. From primary health care to universal coverage: the “affordable dream.” 2017. www.who.int/publications/10-year-review/chapter-uhc.pdf?ua=1 (accessed December 14, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. World Health Report 2008: Primary Health Care (Now More Than Ever). Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/98C1FCE13A0C5968C12574E1003F944B-who_oct2008.pdf (accessed December 10, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Declaration of Astana. 2018. www.who.int/docs/default-source/primary-health/declaration/gcphc-declaration.pdf (accessed December 10, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. The World Health Report 2010: Health Systems Financing: The Path to Universal Coverage. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2010. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44371 (accessed December 25, 2021).Google Scholar

United Nations. Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda (accessed December 15, 2021).Google Scholar

Bärnighausen, T., Sauerborn, R.. One hundred and eighteen years of the German health insurance system: are there any lessons for middle- and low-income countries? Soc Sci Med 2002; 54(10): 1559–1587.Google Scholar

Beveridge, W.. Social insurance and allied services. 1942. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/57560/scan.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (accessed July 18, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Constitution of the World Health Organization. 1948. www.who.int/governance/eb/constitution/en/ (accessed December 10, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Universal health coverage. 2021. www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/universal-health-coverage-(uhc) (accessed December 10, 2021).Google Scholar

Sobel, H. L., Huntington, D., Temmerman, M.. Quality at the centre of universal health coverage. Health Policy Plan 2016; 31(4): 547–549.Google Scholar

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Crossing the Global Quality Chasm: Improving Health Care Worldwide. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2018. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535653/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK535653.pdf (accessed February 3, 2022).Google Scholar

Barker, P.. Making universal health coverage whole: adding quality as the fourth dimension. 2016. www.ihi.org/communities/blogs/_layouts/15/ihi/community/blog/itemview.aspx?List=7d1126ec-8f63-4a3b-9926-c44ea3036813&ID=340 (accessed February 3, 2022).Google Scholar

Mataria, A., El-Saharty, S., Hamza, M. M., et al. Transforming health financing systems in the Arab world toward universal health coverage. 2021. https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-030-36811-1_155 (accessed February 3, 2022).Google Scholar

WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. Towards universal health coverage: challenges, opportunities and roadmap. 2013. https://applications.emro.who.int/docs/RC_Techn_paper_2013_tech_disc_2_15016_EN.pdf?ua=1 (accessed February 2, 2022).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Developing a national health financing strategy: a reference guide. 2017. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/254757 (accessed December 14, 2021).Google Scholar

World Bank. Measuring progress towards universal health coverage: with an application to 24 developing countries. Policy Research Working Paper 7470. 2015. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/23432 (accessed July 23, 2021).Google Scholar

GBD 2019 Universal Health Coverage Collaborators. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 2020; 396(10258): 1250–1284.Google Scholar

WHO, World Bank. Monitoring progress towards universal health coverage at country and global levels: framework, measures and targets. 2014. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/112824/WHO_HIS_HIA_14.1_eng.pdf?sequence=1 (accessed December 14, 2021).Google Scholar

Jannati, A., Sadeghi, V., Imani, A., et al. Effective coverage as a new approach to health system performance assessment: a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18(1): 886.Google Scholar

Jha, A., Godlee, F., Abbasi, K.. Delivering on the promise of universal health coverage. BMJ 2016; 353: i2216.Google Scholar

Wagstaff, A., Neelsen, S.. A comprehensive assessment of universal health coverage in 111 countries: a retrospective observational study. Lancet Glob Health 2020; 8(1): e39–e49.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Primary Health Care on the Road to Universal Health Coverage 2019 Monitoring Report Conference Edition. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2019. www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/2019-uhc-report.pdf (accessed December 13, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization, World Bank. Tracking Universal Health Coverage: 2021 Global Monitoring Report: Conference Edition. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2021. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/world-health-data-platform/events/tracking-universal-health-coverage-2021-global-monitoring-report_uhc-day.pdf?sfvrsn=fd5c65c6_5&download=true (accessed January 29, 2022).Google Scholar

Aftab, W., Siddiqui, F. J., Tasic, H., et al. Implementation of health and health-related sustainable development goals: progress, challenges and opportunities – a systematic literature review. BMJ Glob Health 2020; 5(8): e002273.Google Scholar

World Bank. Classifying countries by income. 2019. https://datatopics.worldbank.org/world-development-indicators/stories/the-classification-of-countries-by-income.html (accessed December 25, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Global expenditure on health: public spending on the rise? 2021. www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240041219 (accessed December 25, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Spending targets for health: no magic number. 2016. www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-HIS-HGF-HFWorkingPaper-16.1 (accessed December 13, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Strengthening health financing systems in the Eastern Mediterranean Region towards universal health coverage: health financing atlas 2018. 2019. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/311328 (accessed December 25, 2021).Google Scholar

Jamison, D. T., Summers, L. H., Alleyne, G., et al. Global health 2035: a world converging within a generation. Salud Publica Mex 2015; 57(5): 444–467.Google Scholar

Braveman, P. A., Kumanyika, S., Fielding, J., et al. Health disparities and health equity: the issue is justice. Am J Public Health 2011; 101(Suppl. 1): S149–S155.Google Scholar

Horton, R., Clark, S.. The perils and possibilities of the private health sector. Lancet 2016; 388(10044): 540–541.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

McPake, B., Hanson, K.. Managing the public–private mix to achieve universal health coverage. Lancet 2016; 388(10044): 622–630.Google Scholar

Gwatkin, D. R., Ergo, A.. Universal health coverage: friend or foe of health equity? Lancet 2011; 377(9784): 2160–2161.Google Scholar

Allotey, P., Tan, D. T., Kirby, T., et al. Community engagement in support of moving toward universal health coverage. Health Syst Reform 2019; 5(1): 66–77.Google Scholar

Odugleh-Kolev, A., Parrish-Sprowl, J.. Universal health coverage and community engagement. Bull World Health Organ 2018; 96(9): 660–661.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. All roads lead to universal health coverage. 2017. www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/all-roads-lead-to-universal-health-coverage (accessed December 14, 2021).Google Scholar

Alwan, A., Shideed, O., Siddiqi, S.. Essential public health functions: the experience of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. East Mediterr Health J 2016; 22(9): 694–700.Google Scholar

Soucat, A., Kickbusch, I.. Global common goods for health: towards a new framework for global financing. Global Policy 2020; 11(5): 628–635.Google Scholar

Soucat, A.. Financing common goods for health: fundamental for health, the foundation for UHC. Health Syst Reform 2019; 5(4): 263–267.Google Scholar

Mataria, A., Brennan, R., Rashidian, A., et al. “Health for All by All” during a pandemic: “Protect Everyone” and “Keep the Promise” of universal health coverage in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. East Mediterr Health J 2020; 26(12): 1436–1439.Google Scholar

Debie, A., Khatri, R. B., Assefa, Y.. Successes and challenges of health systems governance towards universal health coverage and global health security: a narrative review and synthesis of the literature. Health Res Policy Sys 2022; 20. doi: 10.1186/s12961-022-00858-7.Google Scholar

Wenham, C., Katz, R., Birungi, C., et al. Global health security and universal health coverage: from a marriage of convenience to a strategic, effective partnership. BMJ Glob Health 2019; 4(1): e001145.Google Scholar

Kieny, M. P., Bekedam, H., Dovlo, D., et al. Strengthening health systems for universal health coverage and sustainable development. Bull World Health Organ 2017; 95(7): 537–539.Google Scholar

United Nations. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights (accessed December 13, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Universal health coverage: a political choice. 2017. www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/universal-health-coverage-a-political-choice (accessed February 8, 2022).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Everybody Business: Strengthening Health Systems to Improve Health Outcomes. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007. www.who.int/healthsystems/strategy/everybodys_business.pdf (accessed November 11, 2020).Google Scholar

Dodgson, R., Lee, K., Drager, N.. Global health governance: a conceptual review. 2002. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/68934 (accessed December 22, 2020).Google Scholar

Transparency International Global Health. Health system governance. 2021. https://ti-health.org/health-system-governance (accessed December 26, 2021).Google Scholar

Balabanova, D., Mills, A., Conteh, L., et al. Good health at low cost 25 years on: lessons for the future of health systems strengthening. Lancet 2013; 381(9883): 2118–2133.Google Scholar

Saltman, R. B., Ferroussier-Davis, O.. The concept of stewardship in health policy. Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78(6): 732–739.Google ScholarPubMed

Travis, P., Egger, D., Davies, P., et al. Towards better stewardship: concepts and critical issues. 2002. www.who.int/healthinfo/paper48.pdf (accessed October 11, 2020).Google Scholar

Rauch, C. F. Jr., Behling, O.. Functionalism: Basis for an alternate approach to the study of leadership. In Hunt, J. G., ed., Leaders and Managers. New York, Pergamon, 1984, pp. 45–62.Google Scholar

Koontz, H.. The management theory jungle. AMJ 1961; 4(3): 174–188.Google Scholar

Pratt, J. W., Zeckhauser, R. J.. Principals and Agents: The Structure of Business. Boston, MA, Harvard Business School Press, 1985.Google Scholar

World Bank. From crisis to sustainable growth: sub-Saharan Africa – a long term perspective study (English). https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/498241468742846138/from-crisis-to-sustainable-growth-sub-saharan-africa-a-long-term-perspective-study (accessed June 12, 2020).Google Scholar

World Bank. Governance: the World Bank’s experience. https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/711471468765285964/governance-the-world-banks-experience (accessed June 14, 2020).Google Scholar

Kaufmann, D., Kraay, A., Mastruzzi, M.. The worldwide governance indicators: methodology and analytical issues. Hague J. Rule Law 2011; 3(2): 220–246.Google Scholar

Brinkerhoff, D. W., Bossert, T. J.. Health governance: principal–agent linkages and health system strengthening. Health Policy Plan 2014; 29(6): 685–693.Google Scholar

Greer, S. L., Wismar, M., Figueras, J.. Strengthening Health System Governance: Better Policies, Stronger Performance. Milton Keynes, Open University Press, 2016.Google Scholar

Samuelson, P. A.. The pure theory of public expenditure. Rev Econ Stat 1954; 36(4): 387–389.Google Scholar

Pyone, T., Smith, H., van den Broek, N.. Frameworks to assess health systems governance: a systematic review. Health Policy Plan 2017; 32(5): 710–722.Google Scholar

Lokot, M., Bou-Orm, I., Zreik, T., et al. Health system governance in settings with conflict-affected populations: a systematic review. Health Policy Plann 2022; 37(5): 655–674.Google Scholar

Reidpath, D. D., Allotey, P.. Structure, (governance) and health: an unsolicited response. BMC Int Health Hum Rights 2006; 6(1): 1–7.Google Scholar

Lee, K., Kamradt-Scott, A.. The multiple meanings of global health governance: a call for conceptual clarity. Global Health 2014; 10(1): 1–10.Google Scholar

Woods, N.. Good governance in international organizations. In Lyon, A. J., Stiles, K., Edgar, A., et al., eds., Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations. Leiden, Brill Nijhoff, 1999.Google Scholar

McSherry, R., Pearce, P.. Clinical Governance: A Guide to Implementation for Healthcare Professionals. Chichester, Wiley, 2011.Google Scholar

Marshall, A. I., Kantamaturapoj, K., Kiewnin, K., et al. Participatory and responsive governance in universal health coverage: an analysis of legislative provisions in Thailand. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6(2): e004117.Google Scholar

Madon, S., Krishna, S.. Theorizing community health governance for strengthening primary healthcare in LMICs. Health Policy Plann, 2022; 37(6): 706–716.Google Scholar

Abimbola, S., Negin, J., Jan, S., et al. Towards people-centred health systems: a multi-level framework for analysing primary health care governance in low- and middle-income countries. Health Policy Plan 2014; 29(Suppl. 2): ii29–ii39.Google Scholar

Stoker, G.. Public value management: a new narrative for networked governance. Am Rev Public Adm 2006; 36(1): 41–57.Google Scholar

Mikkelsen-Lopez, I., Wyss, K., de Savigny, D.. An approach to addressing governance from a health system framework perspective. BMC Int Health Hum Rights 2011; 11(1): 13.Google Scholar

USAID. The Health System Assessment Approach: A How-to Manual, Version 2.0. Washington, DC, USAID, 2012. www.hfgproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/HSAA_Manual_Version_2_Sept_20121.pdf (accessed December 11, 2020).Google Scholar

Siddiqi, S., Masud, T. I., Nishtar, S., et al. Framework for assessing governance of the health system in developing countries: gateway to good governance. Health Policy 2009; 90(1): 13–25.Google Scholar

Lewis, M., Pettersson, G.. Governance in Health Care Delivery: Raising Performance. Washington, DC, World Bank, 2009.Google Scholar

Siddiqi, S., Jabbour, S.. Health system governance. In Jabbour, S., Yamout, R., Giacaman, R., et al., eds., Public Health in the Arab World. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2012.Google Scholar

Wenar, L.. Accountability in international development aid. Ethics Int Aff 2006; 20(1): 1–23.Google Scholar

Freire, D., Galdino, M., Mignozzetti, U.. Bottom-up accountability and public service provision: evidence from a field experiment in Brazil. RAP 2020; 7(2): 2053168020914444.Google Scholar

Björkman, M., Svensson, J.. Power to the people: evidence from a randomized field experiment on community-based monitoring in Uganda. Q J Econ 2009; 124(2): 735–769.Google Scholar

Uzuegbu, C. P., Nnadozie, C. O.. Henry Fayol’s 14 Principles of Management: implications for libraries and information centres. JISTaP 2015; 3(2): 58–72.Google Scholar

McFarland, D. E.. Management Principles and Practices, 4th ed. New York, Macmillan, 1974.Google Scholar

Hamra, R., Siddiqi, S., Carmel, E., et al. Assessing the governance of the health policy-making process using a new governance tool: the case of Lebanon. Health Res Policy Syst 2020; 18(1): 1–6.Google Scholar

Kanchanachitra, C., Tangcharoensathien, V., Patcharanarumol, W., et al. Multisectoral governance for health: challenges in implementing a total ban on chrysotile asbestos in Thailand. BMJ Glob Health 2018; 3(Suppl. 4): e000383.Google Scholar

Siddiqi, S., Aftab, W., Siddiqui, F. J., et al. Global strategies and local implementation of health and health-related SDGs: lessons from consultation in countries across five regions. BMJ Glob Health 2020; 5(9): e002859.Google Scholar

Aftab, W., Siddiqui, F. J., Tasic, H., et al. Implementation of health and health-related sustainable development goals: progress, challenges and opportunities – a systematic literature review. BMJ Glob Health 2020; 5(8): e002273.Google Scholar

Bhutta, Z. A., Siddiqi, S., Aftab, W., et al. What will it take to implement health and health-related sustainable development goals? BMJ Glob Health 2020; 5(9): e002963.Google Scholar

Marano, N., Arguin, P., Pappaioanou, M., et al. Role of multisector partnerships in controlling emerging zoonotic diseases. Emerg Infect Dis 2005; 11(12): 1813.Google Scholar

Rasanathan, K., Damji, N., Atsbeha, T., et al. Ensuring multisectoral action on the determinants of reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health in the post-2015 era. BMJ 2015; 351: h4213.Google Scholar

Zaidi, S., Bhutta, Z., Hussain, S. S., Rasanathan, K.. Multisector governance for nutrition and early childhood development: overlapping agendas and differing progress in Pakistan. BMJ Glob Health. 2018; 10(3): e000678.Google Scholar

Ruckert, A., Schram, A., Labonté, R., et al. Policy coherence, health and the sustainable development goals: a health impact assessment of the Trans-Pacific Partnership. Crit Public Health 2017; 27(1): 86–96.Google Scholar

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centro Latino Americano de Investigaciones en Sistemas de Salud, Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization. Performance measurement of essential public health functions. 2000. www.paho.org/hq/dmdocuments/2010/EPHF_Guidelines_Applying_Instrument_Performance_Measurement.pdf (accessed December 11, 2020).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. The World Health Report 2000: Health Systems – Improving Performance. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2000. www.who.int/whr/2000/en (accessed November 14, 2020).Google Scholar

Bettcher, D. W., Sapirie, S. A., Goon, E. H.. Essential public health functions: results of the international Delphi study. 1998. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/55726 (accessed December 11, 2020).Google Scholar

Alwan, A., Puska, P., Siddiqi, S.. Essential public health functions for countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region: what are they and what benefits do they offer. East Mediterr Health J 2015; 21(12): 859–860.Google Scholar

World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe. Review of public health capacities and services in the European Region. 2012. www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/172729/Review-of-public-health-capacities-and-services-in-the-European-Region.pdf (accessed December 11, 2020).Google Scholar

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Health in all policies. 2016. www.cdc.gov/policy/hiap/index.html (accessed December 24, 2021).Google Scholar

Sriram, V., Sheikh, K., Soucat, A.. Addressing governance challenges and capacities in ministries of health. 2020. https://hsgovcollab.org/system/files/2020-05/FINAL-WEB-3442-OMS-HSGF-WHO-WorkingPaper.pdf (accessed November 13, 2020).Google Scholar

Yuan, B., Jian, W., He, L., et al. The role of health system governance in strengthening the rural health insurance system in China. Int J Equity Health 2017; 16(1): 1–20.Google Scholar

Taylor, R. M., Alper, J.. Exploring Partnership Governance in Global Health. Washington, DC, National Academies Press, 2018.Google Scholar

Siddiqi, S., Iqbal, M., Aftab, W.. Review of the governance of public sector hospitals in Pakistan: lessons for the future. WHHS 2019; 55(3): 7.Google Scholar

International Monetary Fund. Fault lines widen in the global recovery. 2021. www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2021/07/27/world-economic-outlook-update-july-2021 (accessed December 29, 2021).Google Scholar

Kurowski, C., Evans, D. B., Tandon, A., et al. From double shock to double recovery: implications and options for health financing in the time of COVID-19. 2021. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/35298 (accessed December 29, 2021).Google Scholar

Kurowski, C., Evans, D. B., Tandon, A., et al. From double shock to double recovery: implications and options for health financing in the time of COVID-19. Technical update – widening rifts. 2021. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/35298/From_Double_Shock_to_Double_Recovery%20Revision%2020210916.pdf?sequence=7 (accessed December 29, 2021).Google Scholar

Kurowski, C., Evans, D. B., Irwin, A.. et al. Scaling what works: convergence on health financing policies for universal health coverage in low- and middle-income countries (forthcoming).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. The World Health Report 2010: Health Systems Financing – the Path to Universal Coverage. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2010. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44371 (accessed December 29, 2021).Google Scholar

World Bank. High-performance financing for universal health coverage: driving sustainable, inclusive growth in the 21st century. 2021. www.worldbank.org/en/topic/universalhealthcoverage/publication/high-performance-health-financing-for-universal-health-coverage-driving-sustainable-inclusive-growth-in-the-21st-century (accessed December 29, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Financing for universal health coverage: dos and don’ts. 2019. https://p4h.world/en/news/financing-universal-health-coverage-dos-and-donts (accessed December 29, 2021).Google Scholar

Gottret, P., Schieber, G., Waters, H. R.. Good practices in health financing: lessons from reforms in low and middle-income countries. 2008. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/6442 (accessed December 29, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Global health expenditure database. 2021. https://apps.who.int/nha/database (accessed November 29, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Global expenditure on health: public spending on the rise? 2021. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/350560/9789240041219-eng.pdf (accessed December 29, 2021).Google Scholar

Hamadeh, N., Van Rompaey, C., Metreau, E.. New World Bank country classifications by income level: 2021–2022. 2021. https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups (accessed December 29, 2021).Google Scholar

Saksena, P., Hsu, J., Evans, D. B.. Financial risk protection and universal health coverage: evidence and measurement challenges. PLoS Med 2014; 11(9): e1001701.Google Scholar

World Bank. First universal health coverage financing forum: raising funds for health. Background paper. 2016. https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/5d7befa83cbafe469a1f9a5d591eb443-0140062021/related/Background-Paper-First-Annual-UHC-Financing-Forum-DRM.pdf (accessed December 29, 2021).Google Scholar

Tandon, A., Cain, J., Kurowski, C., et al. Intertemporal dynamics of public financing for universal health coverage: accounting for fiscal space across countries. 2018. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/31211 (accessed December 29, 2021).Google Scholar

Baum, A., Hodge, A., Mineshima, A., et al. Can they do it all? Fiscal space in low-income countries. IMF Working Paper. 2015. www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2017/05/05/Can-They-Do-It-All-Fiscal-Space-in-Low-Income-Countries-44889 (accessed December 29, 2021).Google Scholar

Barroy, H., Sparkes, S., Dale, E., et al. Can low- and middle-income countries increase domestic fiscal space for health: a mixed-methods approach to assess possible sources of expansion. Health Syst Reform 2018; 4(3): 214–226.Google Scholar

Task Force on Fiscal Policy for Health. Health taxes to save lives: employing effective excise taxes on tobacco, alcohol, and sugary beverages. 2019. www.bloomberg.org/public-health/building-public-health-coalitions/task-force-on-fiscal-policy-for-health (accessed December 29, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Health taxes: a primer for WHO staff. 2018. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/275715/WHO-HGF-EAE-HealthTaxes-2018-Primer-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y/ (accessed December 29, 2021).Google Scholar

International Monetary Fund. Government financial statistics manual. 2001. www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/gfs/manual/ (accessed December 29, 2021).Google Scholar

Yazbeck, A. S., Savedoff, W. D., Hsiao, W. C., et al. The case against labor-tax-financed social health insurance for low- and low-middle-income countries. Health Aff (Millwood) 2020; 39(5): 892–897.Google Scholar

Cashin, C., Sparks, S. Bloom, D.. Earmarking for health: from theory to practice. Health Financing Working Paper 5. 2017. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/255004/9789241512206-eng.pdf (accessed December 29, 2021).Google Scholar

Ozer, C., Bloom, D., Valle, A. M., et al. Health earmarks and health taxes: what do we know? 2020. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/34947 (accessed December 29, 2021).Google Scholar

Kaboré, R. M. C., Solberg, E., Gates, M., et al. Financing the SDGs: mobilising and using domestic resources for health and human capital. Lancet 2018; 392(10158): 1605–1607.Google Scholar

Smith, P. C., Witter, S. N.. Risk pooling in health care financing: the implications for health system performance. Health, Nutrition and Population Discussion Paper. 2004. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/13651 (accessed December 29, 2021).Google Scholar

Spaan, E., Mathijssen, J., Tromp, N., et al. The impact of health insurance in Africa and Asia: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ 2012; 90(9): 685–692.Google Scholar

Mathauer, I., Saksena, P., Kutzin, J.. Pooling arrangements in health financing systems: a proposed classification. Int J Equity Health 2019; 18(1): 198.Google Scholar

Mathauer, I., Mathivet, B., Kutzin, J.. Community based health insurance: how can it contribute to progress towards UHC? Health Financing Policy Brief 3. 2017. www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-HIS-HGF-PolicyBrief-17.3 (accessed December 29, 2021).Google Scholar

Mathauer, I., Kutzin, J.. Voluntary health insurance: its potentials and limits in moving towards UHC. 2017. www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-HIS-HGF-Health-Financing-Policy-Brief-18.5 (accessed December 29, 2021).Google Scholar

Kutzin, J.. Why does public finance matter for UHC? 2016. www.who.int/health_financing/events/JosephKutzin-why-does-public-finance-matter-for-uhc.pdf (accessed December 29, 2021).Google Scholar

Geruso, M., Layton, T. J.. Selection in health insurance markets and its policy remedies. J Econ Perspect 2017; 31(4): 23–50.Google Scholar

Thomson, S., Jeurissen, P.. Single vs multiple competing purchasing agencies: analysis of options for the health system in Cyprus. 2017. www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/339662/WHO_005-Cyprus-SCREEN.pdf (accessed December 29, 2021).Google Scholar

Wagstaff, A., Flores, G., Hsu, J., et al. Progress on catastrophic health spending in 133 countries: a retrospective observational study. Lancet Glob Health 2018; 6(2): e169–e179.Google Scholar

Saksena, P., Hsu, J., Evans, D. B.. Financial risk protection and universal health coverage: evidence and measurement challenges. PLoS Med 2014; 11(9): e1001701.Google Scholar

Smith, O., Nguyen, S. N.. Getting better: improving health system outcomes in Europe and Central Asia. 2013. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/13832 (accessed December 29, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Tracking Universal Health Coverage: 2021 Global Monitoring Report. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2021. www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240040618 (accessed December 29, 2021).Google Scholar

Mathauer, I., Dale, E., Jowett, M., et al. Purchasing health services for universal health coverage: how to make it more strategic? 2019. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/311387 (accessed December 29, 2021).Google Scholar

Fitzpatrick, A.. The impact of public health sector stockouts on private sector prices and access to healthcare: evidence from the anti-malarial drug market. J Health Econ 2021; 81: 102544.Google Scholar

World Bank. Second annual UHC financing forum greater efficiency for better health and financial protection. 2017. https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/5d7befa83cbafe469a1f9a5d591eb443-0140062021/related/Background-Paper-Second-Annual-UHC-Financing-Forum-FORUM.pdf (accessed December 29, 2021).Google Scholar

Disease Control Priorities. Home page. 2018. http://dcp-3.org (accessed December 29, 2021).Google Scholar

Perrot, J.. Different approaches to contracting in health systems. Bull World Health Organ 2006; 84(11): 859–866.Google Scholar

Vong, S., Raven, J., Newlands, D.. Internal contracting of health services in Cambodia: drivers for change and lessons learned after a decade of external contracting. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18(1): 375.Google Scholar

Ensor, T., Tiwari, S.. Demand-side financing in health in low-resource settings. In Revill, P., Suhrcke, M., Moreno-Serra, R., et al., eds., Global Health Economics: Shaping Health Policy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Singapore, World Scientific Publishing, 2020, pp. 217–237.Google Scholar

Glassman, A., Duran, D., Fleisher, L., et al. Impact of conditional cash transfers on maternal and newborn health. J Health Popul Nutr 2013; 31(4 Suppl. 2): 48–66.Google Scholar

Hunter, B. M., Harrison, S., Portela, A., et al. The effects of cash transfers and vouchers on the use and quality of maternity care services: a systematic review. PLoS One 2017; 12(3): e0173068.Google Scholar

Kwon, S., Kim, E.. Sustainable health financing for COVID-19 preparedness and response in Asia and the Pacific. 2022. https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/asiapr/v17y2022i1p140-156.html (accessed February 4, 2022).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. The World Health Report 2006: Working Together for Health. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2006. www.who.int/whr/2006/en/ (accessed December 15, 2020).Google Scholar

Chen, L., Evans, T., Anand, S., et al. Human resources for health: overcoming the crisis. Lancet 2004; 364(9449): 1984–1990.Google Scholar

Anand, S., Bärnighausen, T.. Human resources and health outcomes: cross-country econometric study. Lancet 2004; 364(9445): 1603–1609.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Global Strategy on Human Resources for Health: Workforce 2030. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2016. www.who.int/hrh/resources/pub_globstrathrh-2030/en/ (accessed December 18, 2020).Google Scholar

Scheffler, R. M., Herbst, C. H., Lemiere, C., et al. Health Labor Market Analyses in Low-and Middle-Income Countries: An Evidence-Based Approach. Washington, DC, World Bank, 2016.Google Scholar

Ghebreyesus, T. A., Scheffler, R. M., Soucat, A. L.. Labor market for health workers in Africa: new look at the crisis. 2013. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/13824 (accessed November 12, 2020).Google Scholar

Smith, A., Cannan, E., Lerner, M.. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. New York, The Modern Library, 1937.Google Scholar

McPake, B., Maeda, A., Araújo, E. C., et al. Why do health labour market forces matter? Bull World Health Organ 2013; 91: 841–846.Google Scholar

Lehmann, U., Dieleman, M., Martineau, T.. Staffing remote rural areas in middle- and low-income countries: a literature review of attraction and retention. BMC Health Serv Res 2008; 8(1): 1–10.Google Scholar

Marshall, A.. Principles of Economics. London, Macmillan, 1890.Google Scholar

Hongoro, C., Norman, C., Health workers: building and motivating the workforce. In Jamison, D. T., Breman, J. G., Measham, A. R., et al., eds., Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, 2nd ed. New York, Oxford University Press, 2006.Google Scholar

Andalón, M., Fields, G.. A labor market approach to the crisis of health care professionals in Africa. 2011. www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/46097/1/662489454.pdf (accessed December 11, 2020).Google Scholar

Bruckner, T., Liu, J., Scheffler, R. M.. Demand-based and needs-based forecasts for health workers. In Scheffler, R. M., Herbst, C. H., Lemiere, C., et al. eds., Health Labor Market Analyses in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: An Evidence-Based Approach. Directions in Development. Washington, DC, World Bank, 2016.Google Scholar

Leonard, K. L., Masatu, M. C., Herbst, C. H., et al. The systematic assessment of health worker performance: a framework for analysis and its application in Tanzania. 2015. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/24076 (accessed December 18, 2020).Google Scholar

Cooper, R. A., Getzen, T. E., Laud, P.. Economic expansion is a major determinant of physician supply and utilization. Health Serv Res 2003; 38(2): 675–696.Google Scholar

Getzen, T. E.. Macro forecasting of national health expenditures. Adv Health Econ Health Serv Res 1990; 11: 27–48.Google Scholar

Newhouse, J. P.. Medical-care expenditure: a cross-national survey. J Hum Resour 1977; 12(1): 115–125.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Skilled health personnel: data by country. 2021. https://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.HWF10v (accessed June 17, 2021).Google Scholar

Liu, J. X., Goryakin, Y., Maeda, A., et al. Global health workforce labor market projections for 2030. Hum Resour Health 2017; 15(1): 11.Google Scholar

Evans, T., Araujo, E. C., Herbst, C. H., et al. Addressing the challenges of health professional education: opportunities to accelerate progress towards universal health coverage. 2016. https://interprofessional.global/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/WISH-2016-Health-Professional-Education-Report-ADDRESSING-THE-CHALLENGES-OF-HEALTH-PROFESSIONAL-EDUCATION-OPPORTUNITIES-TO-ACCELERATE-PROGRESS-TOWARDS-UNIVERSAL-HEALTH-COVERAGE.pdf (accessed December 14, 2020).Google Scholar

Bailey, N., Mandeville, K. L., Rhodes, T., et al. Postgraduate career intentions of medical students and recent graduates in Malawi: a qualitative interview study. BMC Med Educ 2012; 12: 87.Google Scholar

Krajewski-Siuda, K., Szromek, A., Romaniuk, P., et al. Emigration preferences and plans among medical students in Poland. Hum Resour Health 2012; 10: 8.Google Scholar

Kizito, S., Mukunya, D., Nakitende, J., et al. Career intentions of final year medical students in Uganda after graduating: the burden of brain drain. BMC Med Educ 2015; 15: 122.Google Scholar

Huntington, I., Shrestha, S., Reich, N. G., et al. Career intentions of medical students in the setting of Nepal’s rapidly expanding private medical education system. Health Policy Plan 2012; 27(5): 417–428.Google Scholar

Burch, V. C., McKinley, D., van Wyk, J., et al. Career intentions of medical students trained in six sub-Saharan African countries. Educ Health (Abingdon) 2011; 24(3): 614.Google Scholar

Serneels, P., Montalvo, J. G., Pettersson, G., et al. Who wants to work in a rural health post? The role of intrinsic motivation, rural background and faith-based institutions in Ethiopia and Rwanda. Bull World Health Organ 2010; 88(5): 342–349.Google Scholar

Dossajee, H., Obonyo, N., Ahmed, S. M.. Career preferences of final year medical students at a medical school in Kenya: a cross sectional study. BMC Med Educ 2016; 16: 5.Google Scholar

Akl, E. A., Maroun, N., Major, S., et al. Why are you draining your brain? Factors underlying decisions of graduating Lebanese medical students to migrate. Soc Sci Med 2007; 64(6): 1278–1284.Google Scholar

Santric-Milicevic, M. M., Terzic-Supic, Z. J., Matejic, B. R., et al. First- and fifth-year medical students’ intention for emigration and practice abroad: a case study of Serbia. Health Policy 2014; 118(2): 173–183.Google Scholar

Lievens, T., Serneels, P., Butera, J. D., et al. Diversity in Career Preferences of Future Health Workers in Rwanda: Where, Why, and for How Much? Washington, DC, World Bank, 2010.Google Scholar

Sudhinaraset, M., Ingram, M., Lofthouse, H. K., et al. What is the role of informal healthcare providers in developing countries? A systematic review. PLoS One 2013; 8(2): e54978.Google Scholar

Scheil-Adlung, X.. Global evidence on inequities in rural health protection: new data on rural deficits in health coverage for 174 countries. 2015. https://reliefweb.int/report/world/global-evidence-inequities-rural-health-protection-new-data-rural-deficits-health (accessed December 28, 2020).Google Scholar

Strasser, R., Neusy, A. J.. Context counts: training health workers in and for rural and remote areas. Bull World Health Organ 2010; 88: 777–782.Google Scholar

Xierali, I. M., Maeshiro, R., Johnson, S., et al. Public health and community medicine instruction and physician practice location. Am J Prev Med 2014; 47(5 Suppl. 3): S297–S300.Google Scholar

Agyei-Baffour, P., Kotha, S. R., Johnson, J. C., et al. Willingness to work in rural areas and the role of intrinsic versus extrinsic professional motivations: a survey of medical students in Ghana. BMC Med Educ 2011; 11: 56.Google Scholar

Jack, W., De Laat, J., Hanson, K., et al., Incentives and dynamics in the Ethiopian health worker labor market. 2010. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/5951 (accessed December 22, 2020).Google Scholar

Rockers, P. C., Jaskiewicz, W., Kruk, M. E., et al. Differences in preferences for rural job postings between nursing students and practicing nurses: evidence from a discrete choice experiment in Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Hum Resour Health 2013; 11: 22.Google Scholar

YHEC. Discrete choice experiment (DCE). 2016. https://yhec.co.uk/glossary/discrete-choice-experiment-dce (accessed January 9, 2022).Google Scholar

Abimbola, S., Baatiema, L., Bigdeli, M.. The impacts of decentralization on health system equity, efficiency and resilience: a realist synthesis of the evidence. Health Policy Plan 2019; 34(8): 605–617.Google Scholar

Kisakye, A. N., Tweheyo, R., Ssengooba, F., et al. Regulatory mechanisms for absenteeism in the health sector: a systematic review of strategies and their implementation. J Healthc Leadersh 2016; 8: 81.Google Scholar

McPake, B., Russo, G., Hipgrave, D., et al. Implications of dual practice for universal health coverage. Bull World Health Organ 2016; 94(2): 142.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. The world medicines situation 2011: medicine expenditures. 2011. www.who.int/health-accounts/documentation/world_medicine_situation.pdf (accessed December 12, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Public spending on health: a closer look at global trends. 2018. www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-HIS-HGF-HFWorkingPaper-18.3 (accessed December 12, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Health technology assessment: what is a health technology? 2021. www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/Health-systems/health-technologies-and-medicines/policy-areas/health-technology-assessment#:~:text=The%20definition%20of%20health%20technology,and%20improve%20quality%20of%20life (accessed October 11, 2021).Google Scholar

US Food and Drug Administration. Drugs@FDA glossary of terms. 2017. www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/drugsfda-glossary-terms#M (accessed February 17, 2022).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Guidelines on clinical evaluation of vaccines: regulatory expectations. 2016. www.who.int/biologicals/BS2287_Clinical_guidelines_final_LINE_NOs_20_July_2016.pdf (accessed February 17, 2022).Google Scholar

European Medicines Agency. Advanced therapy medicinal products: overview. 2022. www.ema.europa.eu/en/human-regulatory/overview/advanced-therapy-medicinal-products-overview (accessed February 17, 2022).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Safety issues in the preparation of homeopathic medicines. 2009. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44238 (accessed February 17, 2022).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. WHO traditional medicine strategy: 2014–2023. 2013. www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241506096 (accessed February 17, 2022).Google Scholar

US Food and Drug Administration. Biological product definitions. n.d. www.fda.gov/files/drugs/published/Biological-Product-Definitions.pdf (accessed February 17, 2022).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. WHO guidelines on good manufacturing practices for blood establishments. 2011. www.who.int/bloodproducts/publications/GMP_Bloodestablishments.pdf (accessed February 17, 2022).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Medical devices. 2022. www.who.int/health-topics/medical-devices#tab=tab_1 (accessed February 17, 2022).Google Scholar

United Nations. Sustainable Development Goals. 2021. https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal3 (accessed October 11, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Promoting access to medical technologies and innovation: intersections between public health, intellectual property and trade. 2020. www.wto.org/english/res_e/publications_e/who-wipo-wto_2020_e.htm (accessed October 14, 2021).Google Scholar

Hogerzeil, H. V., Samson, M., Casanovas, J. V., et al. Is access to essential medicines as part of the fulfilment of the right to health enforceable through the courts? Lancet 2006; 368(9532): 305–311.Google Scholar

Hogerzeil, H. V.. Essential medicines and human rights: what can they learn from each other? Bull World Health Organ 2006; 84(5): 371–375.Google Scholar

Hafner, T., Walkowiak, H., Lee, D., et al. Defining pharmaceutical systems strengthening: concepts to enable measurement. Health Policy Plan 2017; 32(4): 572–584.Google Scholar

Peters, D. H., Garg, A., Bloom, G., et al. Poverty and access to health care in developing countries. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1136: 161–171.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Pharmaceutical system transparency and accountability assessment tool: good governance for medicines – progressing access in the SDG era. 2018. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/275370 (accessed December 12, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Systems thinking for health systems strengthening. 2009. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44204/9789241563895_eng.pdf?sequence=1 (accessed October 12, 2021).Google Scholar

Bigdeli, M., Jacobs, B., Tomson, G., et al. Access to medicines from a health system perspective. Health Policy Plan 2013; 28(7): 692–704.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. How to develop and implement a national drug policy. 2009. www.who.int/management/background_4b.pdf (accessed October 12, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. List of stringent regulatory authorities. 2021. www.who.int/initiatives/who-listed-authority-reg-authorities/SRAs (accessed October 17, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Evaluating and publicly designating regulatory authorities as WHO listed authorities: policy document. 2021. www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240023444 (accessed October 12, 2021).Google Scholar

Khadem Broojerdi, A., Baran Sillo, H., Ostad Ali Dehaghi, R., et al. The World Health Organization global benchmarking tool: an instrument to strengthen medical products regulation and promote universal health coverage. Front Med 2020; 7: 457.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. WHO Global Benchmarking Tool (GBT) for evaluation of national regulatory systems. 2021. www.who.int/tools/global-benchmarking-tools (accessed October 17, 2021).Google Scholar

Guzman, J., O’Connell, E., Kikule, K., et al. The WHO Global Benchmarking Tool: a game changer for strengthening national regulatory capacity. BMJ Glob Health 2020; 5(8): e003181.Google Scholar

Management Sciences for Health. MDS-3: managing access to medicines and health technologies. 2012. https://msh.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/mds3-jan2014.pdf (accessed October 13, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Selection of essential medicines at country level: using the WHO model list of essential medicines to update a national essential medicines list. 2020. www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241515443 (accessed October 11, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Signpost: WHO essential medicines. 2021. www.who.int/rhem/signpost/essential_medicines/en (accessed October 17, 2021).Google Scholar

Huff-Rousselle, M.. The logical underpinnings and benefits of pooled pharmaceutical procurement: a pragmatic role for our public institutions? Soc Sci Med 2012; 75(9): 1572–1580.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Promoting rational use of medicines: core components. 2002. www.who.int/medicines/publications/policyperspectives/ppm05en.pdf (accessed October 11, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Promoting rational use of medicines. 2021. www.who.int/activities/promoting-rational-use-of-medicines/ (accessed October 17, 2021).Google Scholar

European Medicines Agency. Pharmacovigilance: overview. 2021. www.ema.europa.eu/en/human-regulatory/overview/pharmacovigilance-overview (accessed December 27, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Ten years in public health, 2007–2017: report by Dr Margaret Chan, Director-General, World Health Organization. 2017. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/255355 (accessed October 11, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Equitable access to essential medicines: a framework for collective action. 2004. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/68571 (accessed December 27, 2021).Google Scholar

Frost, L. J., Reich, M. R.. How Do Good Health Technologies Get to Poor People in Poor Countries. Boston, MA, Harvard University Press, 2010.Google Scholar

Wagner, A. K., Quick, J. D., Ross-Degnan, D.. Quality use of medicines within universal health coverage: challenges and opportunities. BMC Health Serv Res 2014; 14: 357.Google Scholar

Reidenberg, M. M.. Can the selection and use of essential medicines decrease inappropriate drug use? Clin Pharmacol Ther 2009; 85(6): 581–583.Google Scholar

Tremblay, M.. Medicines counterfeiting is a complex problem: a review of key challenges across the supply chain. Curr Drug Saf 2013; 8(1): 43–55.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Using indicators to measure country pharmaceutical situations: fact book on WHO level I and level II monitoring indicators. 2006. www.who.int/medicines/publications/WHOTCM2006.2A.pdf (accessed October 11, 2021).Google Scholar

Sabaté, E., ed., Adherence to Long-Term Therapies: Evidence for Action. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2003. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42682/9241545992.pdf (accessed October 14, 2021).Google Scholar

Aitken, M., Gorokhovich, L.. Advancing the responsible use of medicines: applying levers for change. 2012. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2222541 (accessed October 17, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Substandard and falsified medical products. 2021. www.who.int/health-topics/substandard-and-falsified-medical-products#tab=tab_1 (accessed October 17, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. WHO global surveillance and monitoring system for substandard and falsified medical products. 2017. www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MVP-EMP-SAV-2019.04 (accessed October 18, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Member State mechanism on substandard/spurious/falsely-labelled/falsified/counterfeit medical products. 2017. https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA70/A70_23-en.pdf (accessed October 18, 2021).Google Scholar

Vian, T., Kohler, J. C., Forte, G., et al. Promoting transparency, accountability, and access through a multi-stakeholder initiative: lessons from the medicines transparency alliance. J Pharm Policy Pract 2017; 10: 18.Google Scholar

Medicines Transparency Alliance. Welcome to MeTA. 2018. www.medicinestransparency.org/ (accessed October 18, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools. 2011. www.who.int/medicines/areas/coordination/amrHRToolEnglish.pdf (accessed October 19, 2021).Google Scholar

International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP). Pharmacy workforce intelligence: global trends report. 2018. www.fip.org/file/2077 (accessed October 12, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Joint FIP/WHO guidelines on good pharmacy practice: standards for quality of pharmacy services. 2011. www.who.int/medicines/services/expertcommittees/pharmprep/CLEAN-Rev1-GPP-StandardsQ-PharmacyServices-QAS10-352_July2010.pdf (accessed October 10, 2021).Google Scholar

Chan, P., Grindrod, K. A., Bougher, D., et al. A systematic review of remuneration systems for clinical pharmacy care services. CPJ/RPC 2008; 141(2): 102–112.Google Scholar

Velasquez, G.. The right to health and medicines: the case of recent multilateral negotiations on public health, innovation and intellectual property. Dev World Bioeth 2014; 14(2): 67–74.Google Scholar

Musungu, S. F., Oh, C.. The use of flexibilities in TRIPS by developing countries: can they promote access to medicines? 2006. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/43503 (accessed October 19, 2021).Google Scholar

World Trade Organization. What are intellectual property rights? 2021. www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/trips_e/intel1_e.htm (accessed October 19, 2021).Google Scholar

World Trade Organization. TRIPS and public health. 2021. www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/trips_e/pharmpatent_e.htm (accessed October 20, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Toolkit on monitoring health systems: strengthening, health information systems. 2008. www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/toolkit_hss/EN_PDF_Toolkit_HSS_InformationSystems.pdf (accessed March 12, 2020).Google Scholar

Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Quality of Health Care in America. Crossing the quality chasm: a new health system for the 21st century. 2001. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25057539/ (accessed March 12, 2020).Google Scholar

Shengelia, B., Tandon, A., Adams, O. B., et al. Access, utilization, quality, and effective coverage: an integrated conceptual framework and measurement strategy. Soc Sci Med 2005; 61(1): 97–109.Google Scholar

Global Burden of Disease. IHME measuring what matters. 2021. www.healthdata.org/gbd/2019 (accessed January 14, 2020).Google Scholar

Tsiachristas, A., Gathara, D., Aluvaala, J., et al. Effective coverage and budget implications of skill-mix change to improve neonatal nursing care: an explorative simulation study in Kenya. BMJ Glob Health 2019; 4(6): e001817.Google Scholar

Colson, K. E., Zúñiga-Brenes, P., Ríos-Zertuche, D., et al. Comparative estimates of crude and effective coverage of measles immunization in low-resource settings: findings from Salud Mesoamérica 2015. PLoS One 2015; 10(7): e0130697.Google Scholar

Bijlmakers, L., Wientjes, M., Mwapasa, G., et al. Out-of-pocket payments and catastrophic household expenditure to access essential surgery in Malawi: a cross-sectional patient survey. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2019; 43: 85–90.Google Scholar

Advancing the Business of Healthcare. What is risk adjustment. 2021. www.aapc.com/risk-adjustment/risk-adjustment.aspx (accessed March 19, 2020).Google Scholar

Weiss, A. P., Guidi, J., Fava, M.. Closing the efficacy–effectiveness gap: translating both the what and the how from randomized controlled trials to clinical practice. J Clin Psychiatry 2009; 70(4): 446–449.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. STEPwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance (STEPS). 2021. www.who.int/teams/noncommunicable-diseases/surveillance/systems-tools/steps (accessed November 22, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Health accounts. 2021. www.who.int/health-topics/health-accounts/#tab=tab_1 (accessed November 22, 2021).Google Scholar

Mahapatra, P.. An overview of the sample registration system in India. 2017. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=A193D503CD99492050B8675082B0BAB4?doi=10.1.1.669.528&rep=rep1&type=pdf (accessed March 11, 2020).Google Scholar

USAID. The DHS program, demographic and health surveys. 2021. https://dhsprogram.com/ (accessed March 11, 2020).Google Scholar

CDC. National Centre for Health Statistics, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. 2021. www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/index.htm (accessed March 11, 2020).Google Scholar

Sund, R., Juntunen, M., Lüthje, P., et al. Monitoring the performance of hip fracture treatment in Finland. Ann Med 2011; 43(Suppl. 1): S39–S46.Google Scholar

Stats SA. Census. 2021. www.statssa.gov.za/?page_id=3836 (accessed March 19, 2020).Google Scholar

Pooransingh, S., Abdullah, R., Battersby, S., et al. COVID-19 highlights a critical need for efficient health information systems for managing epidemics of emerging infectious diseases. Front Public Health 2021; 9: 767835.Google Scholar

Dwicaksono, A., Fox, A.. Does decentralization improve health system performance and outcomes in low- and middle-income countries? A systematic review of evidence from quantitative studies. Milbank Q 2018; 96(2): 323–368.Google Scholar

Mills, A., Decentralization concepts and issues: a review. In Mills, A., Vaughan, J. P., Smith, D. L., et al., eds., Health System Decentralization: Concepts, Issues and Country Experience. Washington, DC, WHO, 1990. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/39053/9241561378.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (accessed June 14, 2020).Google Scholar

Adhikari, B., Mishra, S. R., Schwarz, R.. Transforming Nepal’s primary health care delivery system in global health era: addressing historical and current implementation challenges. Global Health 2022; 18(8). doi: 10.1186/s12992-022-00798-5.Google Scholar

Bossert, T.. Analyzing the decentralization of health systems in developing countries: decision space, innovation and performance. Soc Sci Med 1998; 47(10): 1513–1527.Google Scholar

Bossert, T., Beauvais, J.. Decentralization of health systems in Ghana, Zambia, Uganda, and the Philippines: a comparative analysis of decision space. Health Policy Plan 2002; 17(1): 14–31.Google Scholar

Mohammed, J., North, N., Ashton, T.. Decentralisation of health services in Fiji: a decision space analysis. Int J Health Policy Manag 2016; 5(3): 173–181.Google Scholar

Sumah, A. M., Baatiema, L., Abimbol, S.. The impacts of decentralisation on health-related equity: a systematic review of the evidence. Health Policy 2016; 120(10): 1183–1192.Google Scholar

Muñoz, D. C., Amador, P. M., Llamas, L. M., et al. Decentralization of health systems in low and middle income countries: a systematic review. Int J Public Health 2017; 62(2): 219–229.Google Scholar

Channa, A. and Faguet, J. P.. Decentralization of health and education in developing countries: a quality-adjusted review of the empirical literature. World Bank Res Observ 2016; 31: 199–241. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/29307/wbro_31_2_199.pdf?sequence=1 (accessed November 14, 2020).Google Scholar

Faguet, J. P.. Low decision space means no decentralization in Fiji: comment on “Decentralisation of health services in Fiji: a decision space analysis”. Int J Health Policy Manag 2016; 5(11): 663–665.Google Scholar

Abimbola, S., Baatiema, L., Bigdeli, M.. The impacts of decentralization on health system equity, efficiency and resilience: a realist synthesis of the evidence. Health Policy Plan 2019; 34(8): 605–617.Google Scholar

Roman, T. E., Cleary, S., McIntyre, D.. Exploring the functioning of decision space: a review of the available health systems literature. Int J Health Policy Manag 2017; 6(7): 365–376.Google Scholar

Bossert, T. J., Mitchell, A. D., Janjua, M. A.. Improving health system performance in a decentralized health system: capacity building in Pakistan. Health Syst Reform 2015; 1(4): 276–284.Google Scholar

Mackintosh, M., Channon, A., Karan, A., et al. What is the private sector? Understanding private provision in the health systems of low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet 2016; 388(10044): 596–605.Google Scholar

Grépin, K.. Private sector an important but not dominant provider of key health services in low- and middle-income countries. Health Aff (Millwood) 2016; 35(7): 1214–1221.Google Scholar

Powell-Jackson, T., Macleod, D., Benova, L., et al. The role of the private sector in the provision of antenatal care: a study of Demographic and Health Surveys from 46 low- and middle-income countries. Trop Med Int Health 2015; 20(2): 230–239.Google Scholar

SHOPS Plus, USAID. Private sector counts. www.privatesectorcounts.org (accessed November 18, 2020).Google Scholar

Montagu, D., Goodman, C.. Prohibit, constrain, encourage, or purchase: how should we engage with the private health-care sector? Lancet 2016; 388(10044): 613–621.Google Scholar

Odendaal, W. A., Ward, K., Uneke, J., et al. Contracting out to improve the use of clinical health services and health outcomes in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 4(4): CD008133.Google Scholar

Biesma, R. G., Brugha, R., Harmer, A., et al. The effects of global health initiatives on country health systems: a review of the evidence from HIV/AIDS control. Health Policy Plan 2009; 24(4): 239–252.Google Scholar

Frenk, J.. Bridging the divide: comprehensive reform to improve health in Mexico. Lecture for WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health, Nairobi. 2006. www.who.int/social_determinants/resources/frenk.pdf (accessed November 25, 2020).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Declaration of Astana. Global Conference on Primary Health Care, Astana, Kazakhstan. 2018. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/328123/WHO-HIS-SDS-2018.61-eng.pdf (accessed December 24, 2020).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Primary health care: closing the gap between public health and primary care through integration. https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1242113/retrieve (accessed December 25, 2020).Google Scholar

Andrews, M., Pritchett, L., Woolcock, M.. Looking like a state: the seduction of isomorphic mimicry. In Andrews, M., Pritchett, L., Woolcock, M., Building State Capability: Evidence, Analysis, Action. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2017, pp. 29–52.Google Scholar

COVID-19 National Preparedness Collaborators. Pandemic preparedness and COVID-19: an exploratory analysis of infection and fatality rates, and contextual factors associated with preparedness in 177 countries, from Jan 1, 2020, to Sept 30, 2021. Lancet 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00172-6.Google Scholar

Adams, O., Shengelia, B., Stilwell, B., et al., Provision of personal and non-personal health services: proposal for monitoring. In Murray, C. J. L., Evans, D. B., ed. Health Systems Performance Assessment: Debates, Methods and Empiricism. Ginebra: Organización Mundial de la Salud, 2003, pp. 235–250.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Monitoring the Building Blocks of Health Systems: A Handbook of Indicators and Their Measurement Strategies. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2010.Google Scholar

Arinah, W. D., Musheer, J., Juni, M. H. Health care provision and equity. IJPHCS 2016; 3(4).Google Scholar

Sheikh, K., Gilson, L., Agyepong, I. A., et al. Building the field of health policy and systems research: framing the questions. PLoS Med 2011; 8(8): e1001073.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Working Paper on the use of essential package health services in protracted emergencies.2018. www.who.int/health-cluster/about/work/task-teams/EPHS-working-paper.pdf?ua=1 (accessed October 18, 2021).Google Scholar

Nyonator, F. K., Awoonor-Williams, J. K., Phillips, J. F., et al. The Ghana community-based health planning and services initiative for scaling up service delivery innovation. Health Policy Plan 2005; 20(1): 25–34.Google Scholar

Kidd, M., Haq, C., de Maeseneer, J., et al., eds. The Contribution of Family Medicine to Improving Health Systems, 2nd ed. London, Radcliffe Publishing, 2013.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Continuity and Coordination of Care: A Practice Brief to Support Implementation of the WHO Framework on Integrated People-Centred Health Services. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2018. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/274628/9789241514033-eng.pdf (accessed December 24, 2021).Google Scholar

Briggs, C. J., Garner, P.. Strategies for integrating primary health services in middle- and low-income countries at the point of delivery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; 2: CD003318.Google Scholar

Hasan, M. Z., Neill, R., Das, P., et al. Integrated health service delivery during COVID-19: a scoping review of published evidence from low-income and lower-middle-income countries. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6(6): e005667.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Health service delivery. 2010. www.who.int/healthinfo/systems/WHO_MBHSS_2010_section1_web.pdf (accessed February 12, 2022).Google Scholar

Tanahashi, T.. Health service coverage and its evaluation. Bull World Health Organ 1978; 56(2): 295–303.Google Scholar

Donaldson, M., Yordy, K. D., Vanselow, N. A.. Defining Primary Care: An Interim Report. Washington, DC, National Academy Press, 1994.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Health equity. 2020. www.who.int/health-topics/health-equity#tab=tab_1 (accessed January 19, 2021).Google Scholar

Hower, K. I., Vennedey, V., Hillen, H. A., et al. Implementation of patient-centred care: which organisational determinants matter from decision maker’s perspective? Results from a qualitative interview study across various health and social care organisations. BMJ Open 2019; 9(4): e027591.Google Scholar

Foley, T. J., Vale, L.. What role for learning health systems in quality improvement within healthcare providers? Learn Health Syst 2017; 1(4): e10025.Google Scholar

Llanwarne, N. R., Abel, G. A., Elliott, M. N., et al. Relationship between clinical quality and patient experience: analysis of data from the English quality and outcomes framework and the National GP Patient Survey. Ann Fam Med 2013; 11(5): 467–472.Google Scholar

World Health Organization, United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). A vision for primary health care in the 21st century: towards universal health coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals. 2018. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/328065 (accessed February 12, 2022).Google Scholar

van Servellen, G., Fongwa, M., Mockus D’Errico, E.. Continuity of care and quality care outcomes for people experiencing chronic conditions: a literature review. Nurs Health Sci 2006; 8(3): 185–195.Google Scholar

Wall, E. M.. Continuity of care and family medicine: definition, determinants, and relationship to outcome. J Fam Pract 1981; 13(5): 655–664.Google Scholar

Virdis, J. M., Lobo, M., Elorza, M. E., et al. Economic impact of the use of hospital services of aged people affiliated to the INSSJYP: the case of a municipal public hospital (Argentina). 2019. https://repositoriodigital.uns.edu.ar/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/5113/Tesis%20Virdis,%20Juan%20Marcelo.pdf?sequence=1 (accessed February 12, 2022).Google Scholar

Edward, A., Osei-Bonsu, K., Branchini, C., et al. Enhancing governance and health system accountability for people centered healthcare: an exploratory study of community scorecards in Afghanistan. BMC Health Serv Res 2015; 15: 299.Google Scholar

Emanuel, E. J., Emanuel, L. L.. What is accountability in health care? Ann Intern Med 1996; 124(2):229–239.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. WHO community engagement framework for quality, people-centred and resilient health services. 2017. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/259280/WHO-HIS-SDS-2017.15-eng.pdf (accessed February 12, 2022).Google Scholar

Wellay, T., Gebreslassie, M., Mesele, M., et al. Demand for health care service and associated factors among patients in the community of Tsegedie District, Northern Ethiopia. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18(1): 697.Google Scholar

Anselmi, L., Lagarde, M., Hanson, K.. Health service availability and health seeking behaviour in resource poor settings: evidence from Mozambique. Health Econ Rev 2015; 5(1): 26.Google Scholar

Wilkinson, A., Parker, M., Martineau, F., et al. Engaging “communities”: anthropological insights from the West African Ebola epidemic. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372(1721): 20160305.Google Scholar

Glassman, A., Giedion, U., Sakuma, Y., et al. Defining a health benefits package: what are the necessary processes? Health Syst Reform 2016; 2(1): 39–50.Google Scholar

World Bank. World Development Report 1993: Investing in Health. Washington, DC, World Bank, 1993. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/5976 (accessed January 19, 2021).Google Scholar

Newbrander, W., Ickx, P., Feroz, F., et al. Afghanistan’s basic package of health services: its development and effects on rebuilding the health system. Glob Public Health 2014; 9(Suppl. 1): S6–S28.Google Scholar

Le, G., Morgan, R., Bestal, J., et al. The impact of universal health coverage, people centered care and integrated service delivery on key health system outcomes 2014. 2014. www.researchgate.net/project/The-Impact-of-Universal-Health-Coverage-People-Centred-Care-and-Integrated-Service-Delivery-on-Key-Health-System-Outcomes-2014 (accessed January 11, 2021).Google Scholar

Dudley, L., Garner, P.. Strategies for integrating primary health services in low- and middle-income countries at the point of delivery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; 7: CD003318.Google Scholar

Kruk, M. E., Porignon, D., Rockers, P. C., et al. The contribution of primary care to health and health systems in low- and middle-income countries: a critical review of major primary care initiatives. Soc Sci Med 2010; 70(6): 904–911.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. UHC Compendium: health interventions for universal health coverage. 2022. www.who.int/universal-health-coverage/compendium (accessed January 25, 2022).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. People-centred and integrated health services: an overview of the evidence – interim report. 2015. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/155004/WHO_HIS_SDS_2015.7_eng.pdf (accessed January 10, 2021).Google Scholar

Waddington, H., Sonnenfeld, A., Finetti, J., et al. Citizen engagement in public services in low‐and middle‐income countries: a mixed‐methods systematic review of participation, inclusion, transparency and accountability (PITA) initiatives. Campbell Syst Rev 2019; 15(1–2): e1025.Google Scholar

Pilkington, G., Panday, S., Mahalaqua, N. K., et al. The effectiveness of community engagement and participation approaches in low and middle income countries: a review of systematic reviews with particular reference to the countries of South Asia. 2017. http://eppi.ioe.ac.uk (accessed May 21, 2021).Google Scholar

Alderman, K. B., Hipgrave, D., Jimenez-Soto, E.. Public engagement in health priority setting in low- and middle-income countries: current trends and considerations for policy. PLoS Med 2013; 10(8): e1001495.Google Scholar

World Health Organization, United Nations Children’s Fund. Declaration of Astana. Global Conference on Primary Health Care. 2018. www.who.int/docs/default-source/primary-health/declaration/gcphc-declaration.pdf (accessed May 23, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Universal health coverage. 2021. www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/universal-health-coverage-(uhc) (accessed December 10, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Goal 3: Sustainable Development Goals. WHO SDGS progress, targets and indicators. 2018. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg3 (accessed May 27, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization, United Nations Children’s Fund. Operational framework for primary health care: transforming vision into action. 2020. www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240017832 (accessed February 14, 2022).Google Scholar

George, A. S., Mehra, V., Scott, K., et al. Community participation in health systems research: a systematic review assessing the state of research, the nature of interventions involved and the features of engagement with communities. PLoS One 2015; 10(10): e0141091.Google Scholar

MacQueen, K. M., McLellan, E., Metzger, D. S., et al. What is community? An evidence-based definition for participatory public health. Am J Public Health 2001; 91(12): 1929–1938.Google Scholar

Sharma, R. K.. Putting the community back in community health assessment: a process and outcome approach with a review of some major issues for public health professionals. J Heal Soc Policy 2003; 16(3): 19–33.Google Scholar

Ruderman, M.. Resource guide to concepts and methods for community-based and collaborative problem solving. 2000. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.127.9401&rep=rep1&type=pdf (accessed May 22, 2021).Google Scholar

Tindana, P. O., Singh, J. A., Tracy, C. S., et al. Grand challenges in global health: community engagement in research in developing countries. PLoS Med 2007; 4(9): 1451–1455.Google Scholar

Weijer, C., Emanuel, E. J.. Ethics: protecting communities in biomedical research. Science 2000; 289(5482): 1142–1144.Google Scholar

Goodman, R. A., Bunnell, R., Posner, S. F.. What is “community health”? Examining the meaning of an evolving field in public health. Prev Med (Baltim) 2014; 67(S1): S58–S61.Google Scholar

Ross, H., Baldwin, C., Carter, R. W.. Subtle implications: public participation versus community engagement in environmental decision-making. Australas J Environ Manag 2016; 23: 123–129.Google Scholar

Clinical and Translational Science Awards Consortium Community Engagement Key Function Committee Task Force on the Principles of Community Engagement. Principles of community engagement, 2nd ed. 2011. www.atsdr.cdc.gov/communityengagement/pdf/PCE_Report_508_FINAL.pdf (accessed February 12, 2022).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Everybody’s business: strengthening health systems to improve health outcomes. WHO’s Framework for Action. 2007. www.who.int/healthsystems/strategy/everybodys_business.pdf (accessed February 14, 2022).Google Scholar

Rifkin, S. B.. Examining the links between community participation and health outcomes: a review of the literature. Health Policy Plan 2014; 29(Suppl. 2): ii98–ii106.Google Scholar

Odugleh-Kolev, A., Parrish-Sprowl, J.. Universal health coverage and community engagement. Bull World Health Organ 2018; 96(9): 660–661.Google Scholar

Siegel, B. S., Dobbins, M. I., Earls, M. F., et al. Early childhood adversity, toxic stress, and the role of the pediatrician: translating developmental science into lifelong health. Pediatrics 2012; 129(1): e224–e231.Google Scholar

Farre, A., Rapley, T.. The new old (and old new) medical model: four decades navigating the biomedical and psychosocial understandings of health and illness. Healthcare 2017; 5(4): 88.Google Scholar

Boyce, W. T.. The lifelong effects of early childhood adversity and toxic stress. Pediatr Dent 2014; 36(2): 102–108.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. The World Health Report 2000 Health Systems: Improving Performance. Washington, DC, WHO, 2000. www.who.int/whr/2000/en/whr00_en.pdf (accessed May 13, 2021).Google Scholar

Cavanagh, S., Chadwick, K.. Health needs assessment: a practical guide. National Institute for Clinical Excellence. 2005. www.nice.org.uk (accessed May 18, 2021).Google Scholar

Omran, A.. The epidemiologic transition: a theory of the epidemiology of population change. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79(2): 161–170.Google Scholar

Frenk, J., Bobadilla, J. L., Sepuúlveda, J., et al. Health transition in middle-income countries: new challenges for health care. Health Policy Plan 1989; 4(1): 29–39.Google Scholar

Santosa, A., Wall, S., Fottrel, E., et al. The development and experience of epidemiological transition theory over four decades: a systematic review. Glob Health Action 2014; 7(Supp. 1): 23574.Google Scholar

Santosa, A., Byass, P.. Diverse empirical evidence on epidemiological transition in low- and middle-income countries: population-based findings from INDEPTH network data. PLoS One 2016; 11(5): e0155753.Google Scholar

Cohen, E. R., Masum, H., Berndtson, K., et al. Public engagement on global health challenges. BMC Public Health 2008; 8: 168.Google Scholar

Stewart, E.. What is the point of citizen participation in health care? J Health Serv Res Policy 2013; 18(2): 124–126.Google Scholar

Thurston, W. E., MacKean, G., Vollman, A., et al. Public participation in regional health policy: a theoretical framework. Health Policy 2005; 73(3): 237–252.Google Scholar

Arnstein, S. R.. A ladder of citizen participation. J Am Plan Assoc 1969; 35(4): 216–224.Google Scholar

Tamarack Institute. TOOL | IAP2’s public participation spectrum. 2021. www.tamarackcommunity.ca/library/iap2s-public-participation-spectrum (accessed January 11, 2021).Google Scholar

American University of Beirut. K2P COVID-19 response. 2021. www.aub.edu.lb/k2p/Pages/K2PCOVID19.aspx (accessed January 15, 2021).Google Scholar

Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Iran. Second step guides to combat COVID-19. 2021. https://behdasht.gov.ir/step2corona (accessed May 23, 2021).Google Scholar

Bang, A. T., Bang, R. A., Reddy, H. M.. Home-based neonatal care: summary and applications of the field trial in rural Gadchiroli, India (1993 to 2003). J Perinatol 2005; 25(Suppl. 1): S108–S122.Google Scholar

Rasanathan, K., Posayanonda, T., Birmingham, M., et al. Innovation and participation for healthy public policy: the first National Health Assembly in Thailand. Heal Expect 2012; 15(1): 87–96.Google Scholar

Hsu, J., Majdzadeh, R., Harirchi, I., et al, eds. Health system transformation in the Islamic Republic of Iran: an assessment of key health financing and governance issues. 2019. www.who.int/publications/i/item/health-systems-transformation-in-the-islamic-republic-of-iran-an-assessment-of-key-health-financing-and-governance-issues (accessed May 23, 2021).Google Scholar

Toni, A., von Braun, J.. Poor citizens decide on the introduction of GMOs in Brazil. Biotechnol Dev Monit 2001; 47: 7–9.Google Scholar

Ben Mesmia, H., Chtioui, R., Ben Rejeb, M.. The Tunisian societal dialogue for health reform (a qualitative study). Eur J Public Health 2020; 30(Suppl. 5): ckaa166-1393.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Tunisia citizens and civil society engage in health policy. https://extranet.who.int/countryplanningcycles/sites/default/files/planning_cycle_repository/tunisia/stories_from_the_field_issue1_tunisia.pdf (accessed February 12, 2022).Google Scholar

United Nations. Goal 5: Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform. 2015. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg5 (accessed May 19, 2021).Google Scholar

Doku, D. T., Bhutta, Z. A., Neupane, S.. Associations of women’s empowerment with neonatal, infant and under-5 mortality in low- and/middle-income countries: meta-analysis of individual participant data from 59 countries. BMJ Glob Health 2020; 5(1): e00158.Google Scholar

Ellen, M., Shach, R., Kok, M., et al. There is much to learn when you listen: exploring citizen engagement in high- and low-income countries. World Health Popul 2017; 17(3): 31–42.Google Scholar

Christopher, J. B., Le May, A., Lewin, S., et al. Thirty years after Alma-Ata: a systematic review of the impact of community health workers delivering curative interventions against malaria, pneumonia and diarrhoea on child mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. Hum Resour Health 2011; 9(27).Google Scholar

Gilmore, B., McAuliffe, E.. Effectiveness of community health workers delivering preventive interventions for maternal and child health in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2013; 13(847).Google Scholar

Swider, S. M.. Outcome effectiveness of community health workers: an integrative literature review. Public Health Nurs 2002; 19(1): 11–20.Google Scholar

Javanparast, S., Baum, F., Labonte, R., et al. Community health workers’ perspectives on their contribution to rural health and well-being in Iran. Am J Public Health 2011; 101(12): 2287–2292.Google Scholar

Wayland, C., Crowder, J.. Disparate views of community in primary health care: understanding how perceptions influence success. Med Anthropol Q 2002; 16(2): 230–247.Google Scholar

Malta, D. C., Santos, M. A., Stopa, S. R., et al. Family health strategy coverage in Brazil, according to the National Health Survey, 2013. Cien Saude Colet 2016; 21(2): 327–338.Google Scholar

Durey, A., McEvoy, S., Swift-Otero, V., et al. Improving healthcare for Aboriginal Australians through effective engagement between community and health services. BMC Health Serv Res 2016; 16: 224.Google Scholar

Mills, E., Rachlis, B., Wu, P., et al. Media reporting of tenofovir trials in Cambodia and Cameroon. BMC Int Health Hum Rights 2005; 5: 6.Google Scholar

Tangseefa, D., Monthathip, K., Tuenpakdee, N., et al. “Nine dimensions”: a multidisciplinary approach for community engagement in a complex postwar border region as part of the targeted malaria elimination in Karen/Kayin State, Myanmar. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 3: 116.Google Scholar

Thanh, H. N., Cheah, P. Y., Chambers, M.. Identifying “hard-to-reach” groups and strategies to engage them in biomedical research: perspectives from engagement practitioners in Southeast Asia. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4: 102.Google Scholar

Cheah, P. Y., Lwin, K. M., Phaiphun, L., et al. Community engagement on the Thai–Burmese border: rationale, experience and lessons learnt. Int Health 2010; 2(2): 123–129.Google Scholar

Wali, S., Superina, S., Mashford-Pringle, A., et al. What do you mean by engagement? Evaluating the use of community engagement in the design and implementation of chronic disease-based interventions for Indigenous populations – scoping review. Int J Equity Health 2021;20: 8.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Key components of a well functioning health system. 2010. www.who.int/healthsystems/EN_HSSkeycomponents.pdf?ua=1 (accessed August 18, 2020).Google Scholar

European Public Health. Health system performance assessment. 2016. www.europeanpublichealth.com/health-systems/health-system-performance-assessment (accessed September 30, 2020).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. A conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health. Social Determinants of Health Discussion Paper 2. 2010. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44489/9789241500852_eng.pdf (accessed June 30, 2020).Google Scholar

Bennett, S., Glandon, D., Rasanathan, K.. Governing multisectoral action for health in low-income and middle-income countries: unpacking the problem and rising to the challenge. BMJ Glob Health 2018; 10: 3.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. A vision for primary health care in the 21st century: towards universal health coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals. 2018. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/328065 (accessed July 30, 2020).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Declaration of Astana. Global Conference on Primary Health Care. 2018. www.who.int/docs/default-source/primary-health/declaration/gcphc-declaration.pdf (accessed July 15, 2020).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. The World Health Report 2000, Health Systems: Improving Performance. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2000.Google Scholar

Murray, C. J., Frenk, J.. A WHO framework for health system performance assessment. 1999. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9ac0/3257fcffff670c40a2b9868c201742a30b4a.pdf (accessed March 19, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Everybody’s business: strengthening health systems to improve health outcomes: WHO’s Framework for Action. 2007. www.who.int/healthsystems/strategy/everybodys_business.pdf (accessed March 19, 2021).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Health System Performance Assessment: A Framework for Policy Analysis. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2022.Google Scholar

Papanicolas, I., Rajan, D., Karanikolos, M., et al. Health system performance assessment: a framework for policy analysis. World Health Organization, 2021.Google Scholar

European Public Health. Health system performance assessment. 2016. www.europeanpublichealth.com/health-systems/health-system-performance-assessment (accessed August 18, 2021).Google Scholar

Tashobya, C. K., da Silveira, V. C., Ssengooba, F., et al. Health systems performance assessment in low-income countries: learning from international experiences. Glob Health 2014; 10: 5.Google Scholar

Ahluwalia, S. C., Damberg, C. L., Silverman, M., et al. What defines a high-performing health care delivery system: a systematic review. Jt Comm J Qual Saf 2017; 43(9): 450–459.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Estonia health system performance assessment. 2009. www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/115260/E93979.pdf (accessed September 30, 2020).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Georgia health system performance assessment. 2009. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/900DCDCC6D22843CC1257671004774F2-Full_Report.pdf (accessed September 30, 2020).Google Scholar

World Health Organization. Case study on health system performance assessment: a long-standing development in Europe. 2012. www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/168875/Case-Studies-for-HSPA-ENG.pdf (accessed September 30, 2020).Google Scholar

Kumah, E., Ankomah, S. E., Fusheini, A., et al. Frameworks for health systems performance assessment: how comprehensive is Ghana’s holistic assessment tool? Glob Health Res Policy 2020; 5(1): 1–2.Google Scholar

WHO, UNICEF. Immunization, vaccines and biologicals: data, statistics and graphics. 2020. www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/data/en/ (accessed September 30, 2020).Google Scholar

Veillard, J., Huynh, T., Ardal, S., et al. Making health system performance measurement useful to policy makers: aligning strategies, measurement and local health system accountability in Ontario. Healthcare Policy 2010; 5 (3): 49.Google Scholar

McKee, M., Healy, J.. Pressures for Change: In Hospitals in a Changing Europe. Milton Keynes, Open University, 2002.Google Scholar

World Health Organization Europe. How can hospital performance be measured and monitored? 2003. www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/74718/E82975.pdf (accessed January 9, 2020).Google Scholar

Groene, O., Skau, J. K., Frølich, A.. An international review of projects on hospital performance assessment. Int J Qual Health Care 2008; 20(3): 162–171.Google Scholar

Rouis, S., Nouira, H., Khelil, M., et al. Development of a balanced scorecard for the monitoring of hospital performance in the countries of the Greater Maghreb: systematic review. Tunis Med 2018; 96(10–11): 774–788.Google Scholar

Aloh, H. E., Onwujekwe, O. E., Aloh, O. G., et al. Is bed turnover rate a good metric for hospital scale efficiency? A measure of resource utilization rate for hospitals in Southeast Nigeria. Cost Eff Resour Alloc 2020; 18: 21.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. The Republic of the Union of Myanmar health system review. 2014. https://iris.wpro.who.int/handle/10665.1/11354 (accessed October 15, 2020).Google Scholar

Goshtasebi, A., Vahdaninia, M., Gorgipour, R., et al. Assessing hospital performance by the Pabon Lasso model. Iranian J Public Health 2009; 2: 119–124.Google Scholar

Lasso, P.. Evaluating hospital performance through simultaneous application of several indicators. Bull Pan Am Health Organ 1986; 20(4): 341–357.Google Scholar

Mohammadkarim, B., Jamil, S., Pejman, H., et al. Combining multiple indicators to assess hospital performance in Iran using the Pabon Lasso model. Australas Medical J 2011; 4(4): 175.Google Scholar

Rasi, V., Delgoshaee, B., Maleki, M.. Identification of common indicators of hospital performance evaluation models: a scoping review. JEHP 2020; 9.Google Scholar

Stefko, R., Gavurova, B., Kocisova, K.. Healthcare efficiency assessment using DEA analysis in the Slovak Republic. Health Econ Rev 2018; 8(1): 6.Google Scholar

Kohl, S., Schoenfelder, J., Fügener, A., et al. The use of data envelopment analysis (DEA) in healthcare with a focus on hospitals. Health Care Manag Sci 2018; 22(2): 245–286.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. The Global Health Observatory: UHC service coverage index. www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4834 (accessed July 8, 2021).Google Scholar

Patcharanaruamol, W., Issac, A., Asgari-Jirhandeh, N., et al. COVID-19 health system response monitor: Thailand. 2020. www.searo.who.int/entity/asia_pacific_observatory/publications/covid_thailand/en/ (accessed August 18, 2021).Google Scholar