Book contents
- The Cambridge Handbook of the Changing Nature of Work
- The Cambridge Handbook of the Changing Nature of Work
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Contributors
- Part I Introduction to the Changing Nature of Work
- Part II What Has Changed?
- Part III Implications for Talent Management and Impact on Employees
- 14 Implications of the Changing Nature of Work for Selection
- 15 Implications of the Changing Nature of Work for Recruitment and Retention
- 16 Performance Management and the Changing Nature of Work
- 17 Implications of the Changing Nature of Work for Training
- 18 Leader Behaviors and the Changing Nature of Work
- 19 The Changing Nature of Teams
- 20 Managing Employees across the Working Lifespan
- 21 Implications of the Changing Nature of Work for Employee Attitudes and Work Perceptions
- 22 Implications of the Changing Nature of Work for the Interface between Work and Nonwork Roles
- 23 Implications of the Changing Nature of Work for Employee Health and Safety
- 24 The Dark Side of Workplace Technology
- 25 Implications of the Changing Nature of Work for the Employee–Organization Relationship
- 26 The Future of Work
- 27 Sustainability as a Driver of Organizational Change
- Index
- References
23 - Implications of the Changing Nature of Work for Employee Health and Safety
from Part III - Implications for Talent Management and Impact on Employees
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 April 2020
Book contents
- The Cambridge Handbook of the Changing Nature of Work
- The Cambridge Handbook of the Changing Nature of Work
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Contributors
- Part I Introduction to the Changing Nature of Work
- Part II What Has Changed?
- Part III Implications for Talent Management and Impact on Employees
- 14 Implications of the Changing Nature of Work for Selection
- 15 Implications of the Changing Nature of Work for Recruitment and Retention
- 16 Performance Management and the Changing Nature of Work
- 17 Implications of the Changing Nature of Work for Training
- 18 Leader Behaviors and the Changing Nature of Work
- 19 The Changing Nature of Teams
- 20 Managing Employees across the Working Lifespan
- 21 Implications of the Changing Nature of Work for Employee Attitudes and Work Perceptions
- 22 Implications of the Changing Nature of Work for the Interface between Work and Nonwork Roles
- 23 Implications of the Changing Nature of Work for Employee Health and Safety
- 24 The Dark Side of Workplace Technology
- 25 Implications of the Changing Nature of Work for the Employee–Organization Relationship
- 26 The Future of Work
- 27 Sustainability as a Driver of Organizational Change
- Index
- References
Summary
Work is among the most important influences on safety, health and wellbeing, both as a threat to health and as a source of resources that support health. However, the nature and pace of changes to the modern workplace present significant challenges to researchers seeking to understand the health implications of these changes, as well as to government and organizational leaders seeking to craft appropriate policy solutions. This chapter has three goals: (1) to provide an overview of occupational health psychology and describe the NIOSH concept of work organization in terms of implications for occupational health, (2) to present the Job Demands–Resources model as a theoretical framework accounting for the effects of work organization on employee health, and (3) describe health implications of several key trends in the nature of work organization including the employment relationships, work schedules, technology, lean production, and safety and wellness interventions.
Keywords
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Cambridge Handbook of the Changing Nature of Work , pp. 489 - 508Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2020
References
Allen, T. D., & Martin, A. (2017). The work–family interface: A retrospective look at 20 years of research in JOHP. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22, 259–272. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000065Google Scholar
American Psychological Association (2017). Stress in America: The state of our nation. Stress in America™ Survey. Retrieved November 14, 2017, from www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/2017/state-nation.pdfGoogle Scholar
Anger, W. K., Elliot, D. L., Bodner, T., Olson, R., Rohlman, D. S., Truxillo, D. M., ... & Montgomery, D. (2015). Effectiveness of Total Worker Health interventions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 20, 226–247. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038340Google Scholar
Ayyagari, R., Grover, V., & Purvis, R. (2011). Technostress: Technological antecedents and implications. Management Information Systems Quarterly, 35, 831–858.Google Scholar
Babson, S. (Ed.) (1995) Lean work: Empowerment and exploitation in the global auto industry. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press.Google Scholar
Baines, D. (2010). “If we don’t get back to where we were before”: Working in the restructured non-profit social services. British Journal of Social Work, 40, 928–945. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcn176Google Scholar
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The Job Demands–Resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22, 309–328.Google Scholar
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2017). Job Demands-Resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22, 273–285.Google Scholar
Barber, L. K., & Santuzzi, A. M. (2015). Please respond ASAP: Workplace telepressure and employee recovery. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 20, 172–189.Google Scholar
Barling, J., & Griffiths, A. (2011). A history of occupational health psychology. In Quick, J. C. & Tetrick, L. E. (Eds.), Handbook of occupational health psychology (2nd ed., pp. 21–34). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Barnett, R. C. (2006). Relationship of the number and distribution of work hours to health and quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes. In Perrewe’, P. L. & Ganster, D. C. (Eds.), Research in occupational stress and well-being, Vol. 5: Employee health, coping, and methodologies (pp. 99–138). Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Benders, J., Bleijerveld, H., & Schouteten, R. (2017). Continuous improvement, burnout and job engagement: A study in a Dutch nursing department: Continuous improvement, burnout and job engagement. International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 32, 481–491. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.2355Google Scholar
Bergman, M. E., & Jean, V. A. (2016). Where have all the “workers” gone? A critical analysis of the unrepresentativeness of our samples relative to the labor market in the industrial–organizational psychology literature. Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Perspectives on Science and Practice, 9, 84–113.Google Scholar
Boswell, W. R., Olson-Buchanan, J. B., & Harris, T. B. (2014). I cannot afford to have a life: Employee adaptation to feelings of job insecurity. Personnel Psychology, 67, 887–915. doi:10.1111/peps.12061Google Scholar
Bureau of Labor Statistics, (2013). Economic news release: Employee tenure summary. Retrieved November 14, 2017, from: http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/print.pl/news.release/tenure.nr0.htm.Google Scholar
Campione, W. A. (2015). Corporate offerings: Why aren’t Millennials staying? Journal of Applied Business & Economics, 17, 60–75.Google Scholar
Carter, B., Danford, A., Howcroft, D., Richardson, H., Smith, A., & Taylor, P. (2011). ‘All they lack is a chain’: Lean and the new performance management in the British civil service. New Technology, Work and Employment, 26, 83–97.Google Scholar
Caruso, C. C. (2015). Reducing risks to women linked to shift work, long work hours, and related workplace sleep and fatigue issues. Journal of Women’s Health, 24, 789–794. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2015.5481Google Scholar
Cheng, G. H.-L., & Chan, D. K.-S. (2008). Who suffers more from job insecurity? A meta-analytic review. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 57, 272–303. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2007.00312.xGoogle Scholar
Clark, A. D. (2007). The new reality: Using benefits to attract and retain talent. Employment Relations Today (Wiley), 34, 47–53. doi:10.1002/ert.20164Google Scholar
Collins, J. J., Baase, C. M., Sharda, C. E., Ozminkowski, R, Nicholson, J., Billotti, S., G. M., ... & Berger, M. L. (2005). The assessment of chronic health conditions on work performance, absence, and total economic impact for employers. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 47, 547–557.Google Scholar
Dale-Olsen, H. (2006). Wages, fringe benefits and worker turnover.: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2004.03.005Google Scholar
Day, A., Kelloway, K. E., & Scott, N. (2010). Information and communication technology: Implications for job stress and employee well-being. In New developments in theoretical and conceptual approaches to job stress (pp. 317–350). Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. doi:10.1108/S1479-3555(2010)0000008011Google Scholar
DeJoy, D. M., Wilson, M. G., Vandenberg, R. J., McGrath-Higgins, A. L., & Griffin-Blake, C. S. (2010). Assessing the impact of healthy work organization intervention. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83, 139–165.Google Scholar
Derks, D., van Mierlo, H., & Schmitz, E. B. (2014). A diary study on work-related smartphone use, psychological detachment and exhaustion: Examining the role of the perceived segmentation norm. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 19, 74–84. doi:10.1037/a0035076Google Scholar
DeVol, R., & Bedroussian, A. (2007). An unhealthy America. The economic burden of chronic disease. Santa Monica, CA: Milken Institute.Google Scholar
De Witte, H. (1999). Job insecurity and psychological well-being: Review of the literature and exploration of some unresolved issues. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8, 155–177. doi:10.1080/135943299398302Google Scholar
Dizaho, E. K., Salleh, R., & Abdullah, A. (2017). Achieving work life balance through flexible work schedules and arrangements. Global Business & Management Research, 9, 455–465.Google Scholar
Etzion, D., Eden, D., & Lapidot, Y. (1998). Relief from job stressors and burnout: Reserve service as a respite. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 577–585. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.83.4.577Google Scholar
Fractl (2017). 2017 employee benefits study. Retrieved November 1, 2017, from www.frac.tl/employee-benefits-study/Google Scholar
Fu, P. L., Bradley, K. L., Viswanathan, S., Chan, J. M., & Stampfer, M. (2016). Trends in biometric health indices within an employer-sponsored wellness program with outcome-based incentives. American Journal of Health Promotion, 30, 453–457.Google Scholar
Ganster, D. C., Rosen, C. C., & Fisher, G. G. (2016). Long working hours and well-being: What we know, what we do not know, and what we need to know. Journal of Business and Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869–016-9478-1Google Scholar
Goetzel, R. Z., Henke, R. M., Tabrizi, M., Pelletier, K. R., Loeppke, R., Ballard, D. W., ... & Metz, R. D. (2014). Do workplace health promotion (wellness) programs work? Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56(9), 927–934. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000276Google Scholar
Grawitch, M. J., & Ballard, D. W. (2016). The psychologically healthy workplace: Building a win–win environment for organizations and employees. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Hammer, L. B., Demsky, C. A., Kossek, E. E., & Bray, J. W. (2016). Work–family intervention research. In Allen, T. D. & Eby, L. (Eds). The Oxford handbook of work and family (pp. 349–361). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199337538.013.27Google Scholar
Hasle, P., Bojesen, A., Jensen, P. L., & Bramming, P. (2012). Lean and the working environment: A review of the literature. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 32, 829–849.Google Scholar
Hasle, P., Nielsen, A. P., & Edwards, K. (2016). Application of lean manufacturing in hospitals–the need to consider maturity, complexity, and the value concept: Application of lean manufacturing in hospitals. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, 26, 430–442. https://doi.org/10.1002/hfm.20668Google Scholar
Hatoum, H. T., Kong, S. X., Kania, C. M., Wong, J. M., & Mendelson, W. B. (1998). Insomnia, health-related quality of life and healthcare resource consumption. A study of managed-care organisation enrollees. Pharmacoeconomics, 14, 629–637.Google Scholar
Ho, S. (2017). The future of workplace wellness programs. Strategic HR Review, 16, 2–6. https://doi.org/10.1108/SHR-11-2016-0101Google Scholar
Huang, Y., Leamon, T. B., Courtney, T. K., Chen, P. Y., & DeArmond, S. (2011). A comparison of workplace safety perceptions among financial decision-makers of medium- vs. large-size companies. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 43, 1–10Google Scholar
Hunt, M. K., Lederman, R., Stoddard, A. M., LaMontagne, A. D., McLellan, D., Combe, C., ... & Sorensen, G. (2005). Process evaluation of an integrated health promotion/occupational health model in WellWorks-2. Health Education & Behavior: The Official Publication of the Society for Public Health Education, 32, 10–26.Google Scholar
International Labor Organization (2014). Global employment trends 2014: Risk of a jobless recovery? International Labour Office. Geneva: ILO. Retrieved November 14, 2017, from: www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_233953.pdf.Google Scholar
Islam, S., & Wentworth, D. K. (2014). Work experience and gender effects on the work schedule preferences of undergraduate accounting students. Accounting and Finance Research, 3, 127–142. https://doi.org/10.5430/afr.v3n3Google Scholar
Jamieson, S. D., & Tuckey, M. R. (2017). Mindfulness interventions in the workplace: A critique of the current state of the literature. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22, 180–193. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000048Google Scholar
Jensen, D., McMullen, T., & Stark, M. (2007). The manager’s guide to rewards: What you need to know to get the best for – and from – your employees. New York, NY: AMACOM/American Management Association.Google Scholar
Jones, J. M. (2015). In US, telecommuting for work climbs to 37%. Retrieved November 1, 2017, from http://news.gallup.com.libproxy.clemson.edu/poll/184649/telecommuting-work-climbs.aspxGoogle Scholar
Karlson, B., Eek, F., Ørbæk, P., & Österberg, K. (2009). Effects on sleep-related problems and self-reported health after a change of shift schedule. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 14, 97–109. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014116Google Scholar
Katz, L. F., & Krueger, A. B. (2019). The rise and nature of alternative work arrangements in the United States, 1995–2015. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 72, 382–416.Google Scholar
Koh, H. K., & Sebelius, K. G. (2010). Promoting prevention through the Affordable Care Act. New England Journal of Medicine, 363, 1296–1299. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1008560Google Scholar
Kossek, E. E., Hammer, L. B., Kelly, E. L., & Moen, P. (2014). Designing work, family & health organizational change initiatives. Organizational Dynamics, 43, 53–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2013.10.007Google Scholar
Koukoulaki, T. (2014). The impact of lean production on musculoskeletal and psychosocial risks: An examination of sociotechnical trends over 20 years. Applied Ergonomics, 45(2), 198–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2013.07.018Google Scholar
Kuhn, K. M. (2016). The rise of the “Gig Economy” and implications for understanding work and workers. Business Horizons, 56, 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2012.09.002Google Scholar
Landsbergis, P. A. (2003). The changing organization of work and the safety and health of working people: A commentary. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 45, 61–72.Google Scholar
Landsbergis, P. A., Cahill, J., & Schnall, P. (1999). The impact of lean production and related new systems of work organization on worker health. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 4, 108–130.Google Scholar
Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety (2012, Winter). 2010 Workplace Safety Index, from research to reality [online]. Hopkinton, MA: Liberty Mutual. Retrieved November 14, 2017, from: www.libertymutual.com/researchinstituteGoogle Scholar
Light, E. M. W., Kline, A. S., Drosky, M. A., & Chapman, L. S. (2015). Economic analysis of the Return-on-Investment of a worksite wellness program for a large multistate retail grocery organization: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 57, 882–892. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000486Google Scholar
Loeppke, R., Taitel, M., Haufle, V., Parry, T., Kessler, R., & Jinnett, K. (2009). Health and productivity as a business strategy: a multiemployer study. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, 51, 411–428.Google Scholar
Lowe, M. (2017). Uber’s gambit: Reassessing the regulatory realities of the “Gig Economy.” Cornell HR Review, 1–5.Google Scholar
Lyonette, C. (2015). Part-time work, work–life balance and gender equality. Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law, 37, 321–333. https://doi.org/10.1080/09649069.2015.1081225Google Scholar
Lyonette, C., Baldauf, B., & Behle, H. (2010). “Quality” part-time work: A review of the evidence. Government Equalities Office (March). Retrieved November 1, 2017, from: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.459.4508&rep=rep1&type=pdfGoogle Scholar
MacCormick, J. S., Dery, K., & Kolb, D. G. (2012). Engaged or just connected? Smartphones and employee engagement. Organizational Dynamics, 41, 194–201.Google Scholar
Mehri, D. (2006). The darker side of lean: An insider’s perspective on the realities of the Toyota Production System. Academy of Management Perspectives, 20, 21–42.Google Scholar
Miller, O. Z. (2017). EEOC final rules on employer wellness programs. Employee Relations Law Journal, 42, 51–56.Google Scholar
Mishel, L., Gould, E., & Bivens, J. (2015). Wage stagnation in nine charts. Economic Policy Institute, 6.Google Scholar
Mitchell, R. J., & Bates, P. (2011). Measuring health-related productivity losses. Population Health Management, 14, 93–98.Google Scholar
Mullins, H., Cortina, J., Drake, C., & Dalal, R. (2014). Sleepiness at work: A review and framework of how the physiology of sleepiness impacts the workplace. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(6), 1096–1112. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037885Google Scholar
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) (2009). Work organization and stress-related disorders. Retrieved from www.cdc.gov/niosh/programs/workorg/Google Scholar
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) (2002). The changing organization of work and the safety and health of working people. Retrieved from www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2002-116/pdfs/2002-116.pdfGoogle Scholar
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) (2012). Research compendium: The NIOSH Total Worker Health™ Program: Seminal research papers 2012. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2012-146, 2012 May: 1–214.Google Scholar
Oudhuis, M., & Tengblad, S. (2013). Experiences from implementation of lean production: Standardization versus self-management: A Swedish case study. Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies, 3, 31.Google Scholar
Parks, K. M., & Steelman, L. A. (2008). Organizational wellness programs: A meta-analysis. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 13, 58–68. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.13.1.58Google Scholar
Radnor, Z., & Osborne, S. P. (2013). Lean: A failed theory for public services? Public Management Review, 15, 265–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2012.748820Google Scholar
Ragsdale, J. M., & Hoover, C. S. (2016). Cell phones during nonwork time: A source of job demands and resources. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 54–60.Google Scholar
Ragu-Nathan, T. S., Tarafdar, M., Ragu-Nathan, B. S., & Tu, Q. (2008). The consequences of technostress for end users in organizations: Conceptual development and empirical validation. Information Systems Research, 19, 417–433.Google Scholar
Ramin, C., Devore, E. E., Wang, W., Pierre-Paul, J., Wegrzyn, L. R., & Schernhammer, E. S. (2015). Night shift work at specific age ranges and chronic disease risk factors. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 72, 100–107. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2014-102292Google Scholar
Renaud, S., Morin, L., & Béchard, A. (2017). Traditional benefits versus perquisites: A longitudinal test of their differential impact on employee turnover. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 16, 91–103. doi:10.1027/1866-5888/a000180Google Scholar
Richardson, K.M. (2017). Managing employee stress and wellness in the new millennium. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22, 423–428.Google Scholar
Schill, A. L., & Chosewood, L. C. (2013). The NIOSH Total Worker HealthTM program: an overview. LWW.Google Scholar
Schonfeld, I. S., & Chang, C-H. (2017). Occupational health psychology. New York, NY: Springer.Google Scholar
Schonfeld, I. S., & Mazzola, J. J. (2015). A qualitative study of stress in individuals self-employed in solo businesses. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 20, 501–513. doi:10.1037/a0038804Google Scholar
Shoss, M. K. (2017). Job insecurity: An integrative review and agenda for future research. Journal of Management, 43, 1911–1939. doi: 0149206317691574.Google Scholar
Sinclair, R. R. & Cheung, J. H. (2015). Occupational health. In Whitbourne, S. K. (Ed.), The encyclopedia of adulthood and aging (pp. 993–997). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. doi: 10.1002/9781118528921.wbeaa166Google Scholar
Smith, A. (2015). US smartphone use in 2015. Retrieved November 1, 2017, from www.pewinternet.org/2015/04/01/us-smartphone-use-in-2015/Google Scholar
Sõõru, E., Hein, H., & Hazak, A. (2017). Why force owls to start work early? The work schedules of R&D employees and sleep. TUT Economic Research Series, 25. Retrieved from www.tutecon.eu/index.php/TUTECON/article/view/25Google Scholar
Spreitzer, G. M., Cameron, L., & Garrett, L. (2017). Alternative work arrangements: Two images of the new world of work. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, 473–499.Google Scholar
Sturm, R. (2002). The effects of obesity, smoking and drinking on medical problems and costs. Health Affairs, 21, 245–253. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.21.2.245Google Scholar
Sverke, M., Hellgren, J., & Naswall, K. (2002). No security: A meta-analysis and review of job insecurity and its consequences. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7, 242–264.Google Scholar
Switzer, F. S., Cheung, J. H., Burns, D. K., Sinclair, R. R., Roth, P., McCubbin, J., & Tyler, P. (2017). Carrots, not sticks: Adverse impact and wellness programs. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 59, 250–255.Google Scholar
Tarafdar, M., Tu, Q., Ragu-Nathan, B. S., & Ragu-Nathan, T. S. (2007). The impact of technostress on role stress and productivity. Journal of Management Information Systems, 24, 301–328.Google Scholar
Tetrick, L. E., & Quick, J. C. (2003). Prevention at work: Public health in occupational settings. In Tetrick, L. E. & Quick, J. C. (Eds). Handbook of occupational health psychology (pp. 3–17). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Thompson, R. J., Payne, S. C., & Taylor, A. B. (2015). Applicant attraction to flexible work arrangements: Separating the influence of flextime and flexplace. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 88, 726–749. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12095Google Scholar
Timms, C., Brough, P., O’Driscoll, M., Kalliath, T., Siu, O. L., Sit, C., & Lo, D. (2015). Flexible work arrangements, work engagement, turnover intentions and psychological health: Flexible work arrangements, work engagement, turnover intentions and psychological health. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 53, 83–103. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12030Google Scholar
Toivanen, S., & Landsbergis, P. (2013). Lean och arbetstagarnas hälsa [Lean and worker health]. In Sederblad, P. & Abrahamsson, L. (Eds.), Lean i arbetslivet [Lean in working life]. Stockholm: Liber.Google Scholar
Veatch, O. J., Keenan, B. T., Gehrman, P. R., Malow, B. A., & Pack, A. I. (2017). Pleiotropic genetic effects influencing sleep and neurological disorders. The Lancet Neurology, 16, 158–170.Google Scholar
“Volkswagen turns of Blackberry e-mail after work hours.” (2012). Retrieved from: www.bbc.com/news/technology-16314901Google Scholar
Von Thiele Schwarz, U., Augustsson, H., Hasson, H., & Stenfors-Hayes, T. (2015). Promoting employee health by integrating health protection, health promotion, and continuous improvement: A longitudinal quasi-experimental intervention study. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 57, 217–225.Google Scholar
Wolfe, R., Parker, D., Napier, N. (1994). Employee health management and organizational performance. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 30, 22–42.Google Scholar
Womack, J. P., Jones, D.T., & Roos, D. 1990. The machine that changed the world. New York, NY: Harper Perennial.Google Scholar
Yoshizaki, T., Kawano, Y., Noguchi, O., Onishi, J., Teramoto, R., Sunami, A., ... & Togo, F. (2016). Association of eating behaviours with diurnal preference and rotating shift work in Japanese female nurses: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 6, e011987. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011987Google Scholar
- 1
- Cited by