Knasko—Environmental Psychology

Problem 1. 5.2 (Add the scores of all the expert subjects exposed to an unpleasant odor and divide by the total number of subjects in that group: 8 + 9 + 0 + 3 + 6 = 26, 26/5 = 5.2)

Problem 2. Beginners exposed to an unpleasant odor (total number of errors = 113, for an average of 22.6 errors).

Problem 3. No. The average number of errors for the experts ranged from 3.2 for those exposed to a pleasant odor, to 5.2 for those exposed to an unpleasant odor. The average number of errors for the beginners ranged from 14.4 for those exposed to no odor, to 22.6 for those exposed to an unpleasant odor.

Problem 4. Odor seems to have more effect on beginners. The average number of errors made by experts exposed to odors differed only by 1.2 (more errors) or .8 (fewer errors) compared to experts not exposed to an odor. On the other hand, exposure to an odor led to more errors, on average, for beginners than exposure to no odor (14.4 errors on average) in the no-odor condition. That is 8.2 fewer errors than beginners exposed to an unpleasant odor, and 7.8 fewer errors than beginners exposed to a pleasant odor.

Problem 5. Under all odor conditions, experts (as a group) made fewer errors on this paper-and-pencil task than beginners.