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BDNF Val66Met modulates 5-HTTLPR for develop neuroticism in borderline personality disorder
- J. Villarroel Garrido, H. Silva Ibarra, P. Iturra Constant, S. Jerez Concha, C. Montes Aguirre, M. Fuentes Salgado, M.L. Bustamante Calderon
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 26 / Issue S2 / March 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, p. 822
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Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most widely distributed and highly expressed neurotrophin in the CNS. BDNF gene have been associated with increased risk psychiatric disorders. It has been described interaction between BDNF and serotonin system at a neural and genetic level. Neuroticism as a personality trait relevant in borderline personality disorder (BPD) has genetic inheritance and is associated with serotonergic dysfunction. Has been reported that BDNF Val66Met variant is associated with neuroticism in general population. The aim of this study is to test the association between Val66Met and neuroticism and evaluate if the presence of Val66Met allele interacts with polymorphism in promoter region of serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) for develop neuroticism in BPD. We evaluate personality with NEO PI R in 104 BPD subjects that did not meet criteria for axis I diagnoses and other personality disorders. Genetic analysis of BDNF was performed determining the presence of Val/Val Val/Met and Met/Met BDNF variants. 5-HTTLPR was performed determining the presence of L and S 5-HTTLPR alleles. Statistical analysis were tested with parametric and correlation method with Stata10. We did not found differences in neuroticism between BDNF variants, but when controlled by BDNF alleles we found that Met/Met modulate the expression of 5-HTTLPR, with S-carriers (LS+SS) having higher neuroticism than LL (F = 6.36, p = 0.0031). We found no differences in expression of 5-HTTLPR in other BDNF variants. We conclude that BDNF have a differential modulating effect of 5-HTTLPR in neuroticism in BPD.
Association between 5-HTTLPR and neuroticism in borderline personality disorder
- H. Silva Ibarra, J. Villarroel Garrido, P. Iturra Constant, S. Jerez Concha, M.L. Bustamante Calderon, C. Montes Aguirre, M. Fuentes Salgado
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 26 / Issue S2 / March 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, p. 816
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Neuroticism is characterized by emotional instability and the tendency to experience negative emotions such as anger, anxiety and depressed mood. Subjects with borderline personality disorder (BPD) present this personality dimension as a temperamental core trait. There has been proposed that neuroticism can appropriately describe the most important characteristics of BPD. The polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) has been implicated in depression, anxiety and suicide. It is estimated that 5-HTTLPR polymorphism account to 7 to 9% of inherited variance of neuroticism in personality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between neuroticism and 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in BPD. We evaluate personality with NEO PI R inventory in 104 BPD subjects (76 female/28 male) that did not meet criteria for axis I diagnoses and other personality disorders. The genetic analysis of 5-HTTLPR were performed determining the presence of long and short alleles, subjects were grouped in long/long (LL) and S-carriers (LS+SS). Statistical analysis were tested with parametric and correlation method with Stata10. We found significant difference in neuroticism between the genotype groups (F = 8.57, p = 0.0004) and lower levels of neuroticism in LL than S-carriers. Female have higher neuroticism than male. 5-HTTLPR polymorphism explains 18.02% of inherited variance in neuroticism. The S-carriers had 11.9 times higher risk of presenting elevated neuroticism compared with LL. We conclude that there are relation between 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and neuroticism in BPD. These results should contribute to the genetic study of BPD.
Induced Gamma Band Deficits in Early Psychosis
- M. Constante, M. Shaikh, I. Williams, R. Murray, E. Bramon
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 24 / Issue S1 / January 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, 24-E1127
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Objective:
Abnormalities in event related potentials (ERPs) have long been looked at as markers of disease in Schizophrenia. Over recent years there is a trend in the field to move from averaged trials ERPs analysis in the time-voltage domain, to time-frequency single trials analysis. Oscillations in the Gamma band (30-50Hz) have received particular attention in the context of the theories of core deficits in neuronal synchronization in Schizophrenia. in this study we aimed at replicating previously found Gamma band deficits in a sample of Early Psychosis patients.
Methods:EEG was collected from 15 patients and 15 age matched controls using an auditory oddball paradigm. Time-frequency analysis in the Gamma band was performed using a Morlet wavelet transform. We tested differences between the groups using the Wilcoxon rank sum test, given the nonparametric nature of the data, to compare each group's average single trial Gamma power, maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio.
Results:Patients with Early Psychosis showed, following target tones, a reduction in the total power of Gamma band activation (p< 0.01) as well as in induced Gamma band activation (p< 0.01). This was observed in a late latency interval at 400-500ms. the late burst of Gamma activity was not found in the frequent condition, for neither subjects group.
Conclusion:The findings are compatible with previous studies suggesting deficits in the late intrinsically generated cognitive processing of auditory stimuli in Schizophrenia, already present in its early stage. They add further evidence of deficits in neuronal synchronisation in the early stages of psychotic disorders.
Interferon-induced Psychosis: When the Treatment Cause the Disease.
- S. Malta Vacas, M. Constante, M.J. Heitor
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 30 / Issue S1 / March 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Introduction
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a disease that afflicts more than 170 million people worldwide and is a major cause of liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Standard pharmacologic treatment for HCV infection is the antiviral combination of pe-gylated interferon (IFN) and ribavirin (RBV). Several psychiatric side effects such as depression, anxiety and even psychosis and cognitive impairment were reported.
Aims and methodsTo review the neuropsychiatric side effects of interferon treatment of HCV infection though the study of a case report.
ResultsWe present a case of a 45-years-old without personal or familiar psychiatric history, admitted in our inpatient unit with psychotic symptoms during the last 2 weeks, consisting of paranoid delusions and aggressive and bizarre behavior. The patient had history of HCV and HIV infection and had initiated treatment with pegylated IFN alpha e RBV in the prior 6 months. Neuroimaging and laboratory tests were done without significant alterations. He was treated with Olanzapine 15 mg od with improvement of the psychotic symptoms and without important side effects. At the time of hospital discharge, psychotic symptoms had almost disappeared and no behavioral disorder was observed.
ConclusionsIFN-associated psychiatric disorders appear to be much more common than previously thought. The increased in pro-inflammatory cytokines in certain psychiatric disorders was widely reported. We believe that the inflammatory setting may be considered as an important further piece in the puzzle in a genetic-environmental diathesis model of the psychiatric diseases.
Schizophrenia and Lupus Erythematosus Discoid: Coincidence or Consequence? an Integrative Inflammatory Hypothesis of Schizophrenia Reviewed.
- S. Malta Vacas, J. Sá Ferreira, M. Constante, M. Heitor
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 30 / Issue S1 / March 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Introduction
Schizophrenia is a chronic syndrome of unknown etiology, predominantly defined by signs of psychosis. Over the years, schizophrenia is speculated to be associated with immune or inflammatory reactions mediated by cytokines. It is proposed that chronic inflammation might damage the micro-vascular system of brain and hamper cerebral blood flow. Lupus Erythematosus is an autoimmune disease with multiple manifestations in several organs and systems.
Aims and methodsTo review the Inflammatory Hypothesis of Schizophrenia though the study of a case report.
ResultsWe present a case of a 33-years-old with the diagnosis of Lupus Discoid since 17-years-old and with episodic psychotic symptoms developed within 2 years of the diagnosis of the autoimmune disease. He was admitted in our inpatient unit. Neuroimaging and laboratory tests were done in the inpatient unit without significant alterations. He was treated with Olanzapine, Quetiapine and Haloperidol with improvement of the psychotic symptoms and without important side effects. At the time of hospital discharge, psychotic symptoms had almost disappeared and no behavioral disorder was observed.
ConclusionsThe comorbility between Schizophrenia and Autoimmune Diseases seems much more common than previously thought. Even when the autoimmune process does not seem to be the direct cause of the psychosis, the inflammatory setting may be considered an important further piece in the puzzle in a genetic-environmental diathesis model.
Very Late-onset Schizophrenia: a Case Report
- S. Malta Vacas, J. Sá Ferreira, M. Constante, C. Góis, A. Ventosa, M.J. Heitor
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 30 / Issue S1 / March 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Introduction
Late-onset psychoses (LOP) are a heterogeneous group of disorders whose nosology has been controversial throughout history. LOP presents in patients over 45 years of age and Very Late Onset Psychosis (VLOP) over 65. The incidence of VLOP is 0.2% in the general population and 15% among schizophrenics. The ICD-10 and DSM-IV do not have a category for LOP or VLOP and, despite contrary expectations, DSM-V maintains the void.
Aims and methodsTo emphasize the specific symptoms of VLOP though the study of a case report.
ResultsA 73-year-old woman developed psychotic symptoms during the last six years, consisting of auditory and verbal hallucinations and paranoid delusions, without cognitive or functional impairment. The patient and her family denied family history of mental illness.
She was admitted in our inpatient unit. Neuroimaging, laboratory tests, cognitive assessment were done in the inpatient unit without significant alterations. She was treated with Risperidone, Mirtazapine, Ciamemazine, Escitalopram, and Zuclopentixol with improvement of the psychotic symptoms and without important side effects. At the time of hospital discharge, psychotic symptoms had almost disappeared and no behavioral or emotional disorder was observed.
ConclusionsLOP and VLOP e seems much more common than previously thought. One of the main problems is that current classifications do not include specific diagnostic categories for these entities, despite the fact that they have distinctive nosologic features, etiology, treatment and prognosis compared with Early Onset psychosis (EOP). We believe that given an aging population, LOP and VLOP should be considered more often by clinicians.
Folie a Quatre
- A. Almada, M. Constante, P. Casquinha, M. Heitor
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 30 / Issue S1 / March 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Introduction
Induced delusional disorder (ICD-10) / Shared psychotic disorder (DSM-IV-TR) is characterized by delusional beliefs shared between 2 or more people with a close relationship. DSM-5 no longer separates delusional disorder from shared delusional disorder.
ObjectivesThis case report aims to describe and discuss a case of shared delusional beliefs, providing an updated review on this disorder and other related conditions.
MethodsA psychiatric interview of a patient and a friend involved in the same delusional belief system was undertaken. A review of the literature namely in PubMed data base and Google Scholar with the key words 'Folie a deux/quatre”, 'induced delusional disorder” and 'shared psychotic disorder” was also conducted.
ResultsCase study of a 32-year-old woman with normal functioning assessed in the emergency room with the initial complaint of insomnia, in the context of a family conflict. During the clinical interview, grandiose delusional beliefs regarding angels and of self reference were elicited. These beliefs were found to be shared between the patient, a friend, a brother and a cousin. A clinical report and a diagnostic discussion were made, based on a bibliographic review.
ConclusionsShared psychotic disorder is an uncommon variant of delusional disorder. Genetic and psychological factors may play an etiological role. This particular case involved 4 people, 3 family members and a close friend. Shared psychotic disorder is a diagnosis in transition, this report allows an update on changes brought in by DSM-5.
Psychogenic stuttering: A case and review
- A. Almada, R. Simões, M. Constante, P. Casquinha, M.J. Heitor
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 33 / Issue S1 / March 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, pp. S386-S387
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Introduction
Stuttering is a speech disorder characterized by involuntary repetition, prolongation or cessation of a sound. This dysfluency may be developmental or acquired. Acquired dysfluency can be classified as neurogenic or psychogenic.
ObjectivesThis case report aims to describe and discuss a case of psychogenic stuttering, providing an updated review on this disorder.
MethodsIn and outpatient interviews were performed by Neurology and Psychiatry. Investigation to exclude organic causes included lab exams, electrocardiogram, electroencephalography, computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging. A literature review in Science Direct database, with the keywords “psychogenic stuttering”, was also conducted.
ResultsA 63-year-old man was admitted to the Beatriz Ângelo Hospital with an acute stuttering. Speech was characterized by the repetition of initial or stressed syllables, little affected by reading out loud or singing. Comprehension, syntaxes and semantic were not compromised, as weren’t sensory and motor abilities. During admission, stuttering characteristics changed. Multiple somatic complaints and stress prior to the onset and bizarre secondary behaviors were also detected. Work-up didn’t show an organic etiology for that sudden change. An iatrogenic etiology was considered, as sertraline and topiramate were started for depression 1 month before. However, the stuttering pattern, the negative results, the psychological and the social life events suggested a psychogenic etiology.
ConclusionsPsychogenic stuttering finds its origin in psychological or emotional problems. It is best classified as a conversion reaction. The differential diagnosis between psychogenic and neurological stuttering can be challenging.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
4 - Extinction Threats to Life in the Ocean and Opportunities for Their Amelioration
- Edited by Partha Dasgupta, University of Cambridge, Peter Raven, Missouri Botanical Garden, Anna McIvor, University of Cambridge
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- Biological Extinction
- Published online:
- 19 August 2019
- Print publication:
- 05 September 2019, pp 113-137
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Summary
‘The oceans not only contain most of the planet, but also most of the wide variety of living things’ (Pope Francis, 2015). With this statement, Pope Francis summarised a central point about life on Earth: we cannot understand and protect Earth’s biodiversity without considering the ocean. Covering over 70 per cent of the Earth’s surface, the ocean represents an estimated 99 per cent of its habitable living space (Costanza, 1999). The ocean harbours a remarkably rich diversity of species, with almost twice as many major groups, or phyla, of animals living in the ocean as on land. (Of the 34 known phyla of animals, 33 are found in the ocean and only 12 are found on land.) A single type of marine habitat, the coral reef, holds over 50 per cent more phyla than all terrestrial and freshwater habitats combined, despite having a surface area more than 460 times smaller (Birkeland, 2015).
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Do COMT, BDNF and NRG1 polymorphisms influence P50 sensory gating in psychosis?
- M. Shaikh, M.-H. Hall, K. Schulze, A. Dutt, M. Walshe, I. Williams, M. Constante, M. Picchioni, T. Toulopoulou, D. Collier, F. Rijsdijk, J. Powell, M. Arranz, R. M. Murray, E. Bramon
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 41 / Issue 2 / February 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 January 2010, pp. 263-276
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Background
Auditory P50 sensory gating deficits correlate with genetic risk for schizophrenia and constitute a plausible endophenotype for the disease. The well-supported role of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neuregulin 1 (NRG1) genes in neurodevelopment and cognition make a strong theoretical case for their influence on the P50 endophenotype.
MethodThe possible role of NRG1, COMT Val158Met and BDNF Val66Met gene polymorphisms on the P50 endophenotype was examined in a large sample consisting of psychotic patients, their unaffected relatives and unrelated healthy controls using linear regression analyses.
ResultsAlthough P50 deficits were present in patients and their unaffected relatives, there was no evidence for an association between NRG1, COMT Val158Met or BDNF Val66Met genotypes and the P50 endophenotype.
ConclusionsThe evidence from our large study suggests that any such association between P50 indices and NRG1, COMT Val158Met or BDNF Val66Met genotypes, if present, must be very subtle.
When Money Matters: Campaign Contributions, Roll Call Votes, and School Choice in Florida
- Louay M. Constant
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- Journal:
- State Politics & Policy Quarterly / Volume 6 / Issue 2 / Summer 2006
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 January 2021, pp. 195-219
- Print publication:
- Summer 2006
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The effect of campaign contributions on legislative roll call voting has long been the subject of debate. This study weighs into this debate by examining the impact of teachers' union contributions on votes on two school choice bills in the Florida House of Representatives during the 1998 and 1999 sessions. I find that different types of school choice bills evince different effects of campaign contributions from teachers' unions. Specifically, campaign contributions appear to influence voting on bills that are most important to a group's policy agenda but have no effect on bills more peripheral to their interests. Additionally, legislators receiving campaign contributions from teachers' unions were significantly more likely to vote against vouchers than against charter schools, even after controlling for other influences on their votes.
Efficacy of cognitive–behavioural therapy by general practitioners for unexplained fatigue among employees: Randomised controlled trial
- Marcus J. H. Huibers, Anna J. H. M. Beurskens, Constant P. Van Schayck, Ellen Bazelmans, Job F. M. Metsemakers, J André Knottnerus, Gijs Bleijenberg
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 184 / Issue 3 / March 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2018, pp. 240-246
- Print publication:
- March 2004
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Background
Fatigue is a common complaint that may lead to long-term sick leave and work disability.
AimsTo assess the efficacy of cognitive–behavioural therapy by general practitioners for unexplained, persistent fatigue among employees.
MethodA randomised controlled trial, using a pre-randomisation design in primary care, investigated 151 employees on sick leave with fatigue. Participants in the experimental group were offered five to seven 30 min sessions of cognitive–behavioural therapy by a general practitioner; those in the control group were offered no treatment. Main outcome measures (fatigue severity self-reported absenteeism, registered absenteeism and clinical recovery) were assessed at 4 months, 8 months and 12 months.
ResultsAt baseline, 44% of the patients already met research criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome. There was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group on primary or secondary outcomes at any point.
ConclusionsCognitive–behavioural therapy by general practitioners for unexplained, persistent fatigue did not prove to be an effective intervention. Since these doctors were unable to deliver this therapy effectively under ideal circumstances, it is unlikely that doctors in routine practice would be more successful in doing so.
Electron-beam-induced reactivation of Si dopants in hydrogenated and deuterated 2D AlGaAs heterostructures. Application to the fabrication of nanostructures
- L. Kurowski, S. Silvestre, D. Loridant-Bernard, E. Constant, M. Barbe, J. Chevallier, M. Constant
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 719 / 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 February 2011, F9.8
- Print publication:
- 2002
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Hydrogen incorporation in n-type Si-doped GaAs epilayers is now a well-known process. This paper is devoted to the study of the stability of SiH (SiD) complexes when submitted to an electron beam in n-type Si-doped GaAs epilayer and also in 2D-AlGaAs heterostructures exposed to a hydrogen or deuterium plasma.
The results obtained by Hall effect measurements on hydrogenated and deuterated GaAs epilayers with different thicknesses (0.2 and 0.35νm) and Si planar-doped AlGaAs/GaAs/InGaAs heterostructures exposed to an electron beam with different injection energies (10 to 50 keV) are presented. On one hand, the reactivation of Si dopants strongly decreases when deuterium is used. On the other hand, the study of this reactivation versus injection energies of electrons suggests an energetic electron excitation effect rather than a minority carrier generation effect. In addition, for the 0.2νm thick GaAs epilayer and the 2D heterostructures, the free carrier density does not vary significantly for low electron densities, and as a consequence, the reactivation of the Si dopants occurs above an electron dose threshold. This phenomenon might be attributed to the filling of surface states as the dopants are progressively reactivated.
As a result, due to the electron dose threshold as well as their high electron mobility properties, Si planar-doped AlGaAs/GaAs/InGaAs heterostructures are particularly interesting to reactivate dopants, with a good spatial contrast, using an electron beam irradiation and the effects described in this paper could open the fabrication of high mobility 1D or 2D mesoscopic structures for electronic or optoelectronic applications.
Photo-induced Dissociation and Optical Cross Section of Si-H and S-H Complexes in GaAs and AlGaAs
- M. Barbé, F. Bailly, J. Chevallier, S. Silvestre, D. Loridant-Bernard, L. Kurowski, E. Constant, M. Constant
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 719 / 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 February 2011, F8.8
- Print publication:
- 2002
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In GaAs, (Si,H) complexes are efficiently dissociated at 300 K by photons with energies above 3.5 eV. Their optical cross-section is 10-19-10-18 cm2. This dissociation is the result of an electronic excitation of the Si-H bond of the complex from a bonding state to an antibonding state. (Si,H) and (S,H) complexes in AlGaAs alloys are also dissociated under UV illumination with optical cross-sections similar to GaAs. In passivated 2D AlGaAs-GaAs heterostructures, the evolution of the extra sheet carrier concentration at low photon densities presents a loss of free carriers attributed to the filling of surface states. In AlGaAs and in 2D AlGaAs-GaAs heterostructures, the replacement of hydrogen by deuterium in the complexes shows that the (Si,D) and (S,D) complexes are significantly more stable than the (Si,H) and (S,H) complexes as previously found in GaAs:Si,H.
Processing and Characterization of High-conductance Bismuth Wire Array Composites
- T. E. Huber, M. J. Graf, C. A. Foss, Jr, P. Constant
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- Journal:
- Journal of Materials Research / Volume 15 / Issue 8 / August 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 31 January 2011, pp. 1816-1821
- Print publication:
- August 2000
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We fabricated Bi nanowire array composites with wire diameters from 30 to 200 nm by high-pressure injection (HPI) of Bi melt into porous anodic alumina templates. The composites were dense, with Bi volume fraction in excess of 50%. The parallel Bi nanowires, whose length appeared to be limited only by the thickness of the host template (up to 55 μm), terminated at both sides of the composite in the Bi bulk. The individual Bi nanowire crystal structure was rhombohedral, with the same lattice parameters as that of bulk Bi; the wires in the array were predominantly oriented with the trigonal axis along the wire length. Low contact resistance was achieved by bonding the composite to copper electrodes.