Section 8.1
• What are the key differences between the three different agent architectures described in the text?
Section 8.2
• What are the principal characteristics of modular processing, according to Fodor?
• What are the principal characteristics of non-modular processing, according to Fodor?
Section 8.3
• How does the massive modularity thesis differ from Fodor’s way of thinking about modularity?
• Why do Cosmides and Tooby think that a module evolved for cheater detection? How plausible is their argument?
• What do you think about the claim that it is always rational to defect in a one-shot prisoner’s dilemma?
• What general arguments do Cosmides and Tooby have for thinking that the mind must be massively modular? How convincing are they?
Section 8.4
• What are the principal characteristics of the ACT-R? What advantages might hybrid architectures have for cognitive science?
8.1 Architectures for Artificial Agents
Intelligent agents (book chapter by Russell and Norvig, 1995, in Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach)
Architectures and applications of intelligent agents: A survey (paper by Muller, 1999, in The Knowledge Engineering Review)
Cognitive architectures: Research issues and challenges (paper by Langley, Laird, and Rogers, 2009, in Cognitive Systems Research)
8.2 Fodor on the Modularity of Mind
Jerry Fodor (home page at Rutgers university)
Jerry Fodor (entry from the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
Modularity of mind (entry from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
Precis of The Modularity of Mind (paper by Jerry Fodor, 1985)
Domain specificity in face perception (paper by Kanwisher, 2000, in Nature Neuroscience)
A new look at domain specificity: Insights from social neuroscience (paper by Spunt and Adolphs, 2017, in Nature Review Neuroscience)
Cognitive penetration and informational encapsulation: Have we been failing the module? (paper by Clarke, 2021, in Philosophical Studies)
8.3 The Massive Modularity Hypothesis
Evolutionary psychology (entry from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
Biological Altruism (entry from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
Evolutionary psychology (primer by Leda Cosmides and John Tooby)
Evolutionary psychology and the brain (paper by Duchaine, Cosmides, and Tooby, 2001, in Current Opinion in Neurobiology)
Unraveling the enigma of human intelligence: Evolutionary psychology and the multimodular (book chapter by Cosmides and Tooby, 2002, in The evolution of intelligence)
Twelve Misunderstandings of Kin Selection (paper by Dawkins, 1979, in Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie)
Kin selection explains the evolution of cooperation in the gut microbiota (paper by Simonet and McNally, 2021, in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
So How Does the Mind Work? (paper by Pinker, 2005, in Mind & Language)
Why evolutionary psychology should abandon modularity (paper by Pietraszewski and Wertz, 2021, in Perspectives on Psychological Science)
Evolutionary psychology and the massive modularity hypothesis (paper by Samuels, 1998, in British Journal for the Philosophy of Science)
In defense of massive modularity (paper by Sperber, 2001, in Language, Brain, and Cognitive Development: Essays in Honor of Jacques Mehler)
Moderately massive modularity (paper by Carruthers, 2003, in Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement)
The case for massively modular models of mind (book chapter by Carruthers, 2006, in Contemporary Debates in Cognitive Science)
Modularity in cognition: Framing the debate (paper by Barrett and Kurzban, 2006, in Psychological Review)
8.4 Hybrid Architectures: The Example of ACT-R
ACT-R (official website from Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Psychology)
The ACT/PM project (conference paper by Byrne, 2000, in Simulating Human Agents: Papers from the 2000 Fall Symposium)
An integrated theory of the mind (paper by Anderson et al., 2004, in Psychological Review)
The human Turing machine: a neural framework for mental programs (paper by Zylberberg et al., 2011, in Trends in Cognitive Sciences)
The DUAL cognitive architecture: A hybrid multi-agent approach (conference paper by Kokinov, 1994, in 11th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence)
SAL: An explicitly pluralistic cognitive architecture (paper by Jilk, Lebiere, O’Reilly, and Anderson, 2008, in Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence)
OpenCog NS: A deeply-interactive hybrid neural-symbolic cognitive architecture designed for global/local memory synergy (conference paper by Goertzel and Duong, 2009, in 2009 AAAI Fall Symposium Series)
40 years of cognitive architectures: Core cognitive abilities and practical applications (paper by Kotseruba and Tsotsos, 2020, in Artificial Intelligence Review volume)
