The Measure of All Minds
Evaluating Natural and Artificial Intelligence

'What is the most important topic in science? Intelligence. It is most important because intelligence is the essential ingredient in answering any other imaginable question. How are human intelligence and artificial intelligence related? No one knows because there is no current way to measure different intelligences on a common scale. If you believe this and also that artificial intelligence may someday be as or more powerful than human intelligence, then you should read The Measure of All Minds by José Hernández-Orallo. Based on what has been learned about the measurement of human intelligence, Hernández-Orallo develops both the theory and practical methods that could allow the measurement of intelligence wherever it is found. This book is a vital achievement and necessary first step in uniting research on human and artificial intelligence and should be in the library of anyone interested in either.' Douglas K. Detterman, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio

'This book transcends a wide variety of disciplines in search for an all-encompassing measurement principle for intelligence: the intelligence of humans, animals, and machines, and at the same time for a unified notion of intelligence and what it means for problems to be difficult. It is a formidable and captivating intellectual endeavor based on a deep understanding and combination of different perspectives, realized with an enjoyable, rigorous and formalized way of thinking. It is a must-read volume for psychometricians and for scholars in the domain of intelligence and beyond.' Paul de Boeck, Ohio State University

'To my knowledge, this is the first time that a joint perspective on intelligence has been taken, based on artificial intelligence, psychometrics and comparative psychology. The book is scholarly as well as highly spirited and should be of interest for a broad readership, including students and researchers from artificial intelligence as well as psychology.' Ute Schmid, University of Bamberg, Germany

'José Hernández-Orallo creates a new foundation for understanding our own and other (artificial) intelligences. Fundamentally interdisciplinary, The Measure of All Minds integrates insights that span philosophy, psychology, mathematics, and computer science. The result is a treasure trove for the AI researcher, and anyone looking to unravel the secrets of intelligence.' Katja Hofmann, Microsoft Research

'The Measure of All Minds draws together the diverse fields of psychometrics, comparative psychology, and artificial intelligence to lay out an agenda for the unified understanding of human, animal, and machine intelligence. A challenging and intriguing contribution to an increasingly important debate.' John Rust and Chris Gibbons, University of Cambridge

'Some of the many concepts examined in this first-class book with Cambridge University Press include tests of machine, human and non-human animal intelligence, 'machine kingdom' (to generalise the notion of 'animal kingdom'), Hernández-Orallo's related notions of 'universal psychometrics' and 'Darwin–Wallace distribution' (the aptitude of things is probably best considered in an environment in which they have evolved to be able to survive) - and others perhaps more thought-provoking, if not at times controversial. This multi-disciplinary study's extensive reference list leaves few stones unturned. I predict this readable unifying book to be a much-cited and valued resource and reference for many years to come.' David L. Dowe, Monash University, Melbourne

'… an impressive and important step towards a less human-centred understanding of intelligence.' Stephen Cave, Financial Times

'The range of scholarship and expertise displayed in this book is extraordinary … The work presented in this book is an extremely important contribution to the analysis of behavior and cognition. Anyone interested in psychometrics, comparative psychology, and artificial intelligence will find this book valuable and thought-provoking. The level of familiarity with disparate fields is truly remarkable.' Robert L. Greene, PsycCRITIQUES