Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Acknowledgements
- Tribute to the author, Norman Gratz
- Preface
- 1 Introduction
- Part I The vector- and rodent-borne diseases of Europe
- 2 Vector and rodent-borne diseases in European history
- 3 The arboviruses
- 4 The mosquito-borne arboviruses of Europe
- 5 Mosquito-borne diseases of Europe – malaria
- 6 Mosquito-borne filarial infections
- 7 Sandfly-borne diseases
- 8 Ceratopogonidae -- biting midge-borne diseases
- 9 Dipteran-caused infections – myiasis
- 10 The flea-borne diseases
- 11 The louse-borne diseases
- 12 Tick-borne diseases of Europe
- 13 Mite-borne infections and infestations
- 14 Cockroaches and allergies
- 15 Vector-borne disease problems associated with introduced vectors in Europe
- 16 Factors augmenting the incidence, prevalence and distribution of vector-borne diseases in Europe
- 17 The potential effect of climate change on vector-borne diseases in Europe
- 18 The rodent-borne diseases of Europe
- 19 The economic impact and burden of vector- and rodent-borne diseases in Europe
- Part II The vector- and rodent-borne diseases of North America
- References
- Index
12 - Tick-borne diseases of Europe
from Part I - The vector- and rodent-borne diseases of Europe
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 08 January 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Acknowledgements
- Tribute to the author, Norman Gratz
- Preface
- 1 Introduction
- Part I The vector- and rodent-borne diseases of Europe
- 2 Vector and rodent-borne diseases in European history
- 3 The arboviruses
- 4 The mosquito-borne arboviruses of Europe
- 5 Mosquito-borne diseases of Europe – malaria
- 6 Mosquito-borne filarial infections
- 7 Sandfly-borne diseases
- 8 Ceratopogonidae -- biting midge-borne diseases
- 9 Dipteran-caused infections – myiasis
- 10 The flea-borne diseases
- 11 The louse-borne diseases
- 12 Tick-borne diseases of Europe
- 13 Mite-borne infections and infestations
- 14 Cockroaches and allergies
- 15 Vector-borne disease problems associated with introduced vectors in Europe
- 16 Factors augmenting the incidence, prevalence and distribution of vector-borne diseases in Europe
- 17 The potential effect of climate change on vector-borne diseases in Europe
- 18 The rodent-borne diseases of Europe
- 19 The economic impact and burden of vector- and rodent-borne diseases in Europe
- Part II The vector- and rodent-borne diseases of North America
- References
- Index
Summary
Tick-borne viruses
By 1972 some 68 different viruses had been recorded from more than 80 tick species, 20 of which were believed to cause disease in man or domestic animals (Hoogstraal, 1973). Since the publication of Hoogstraal's review, many other viruses have been isolated from ticks though their role as causative agents of human, or animal, disease is often unknown or uncertain. Many areas of Europe remain poorly surveyed and more viruses are likely to be found.
Tick-borne encephalitis TBE
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is the most important and widespread of the arboviruses transmitted by ticks in Europe; TBE is a member of the family Flaviviridae. Tick-borne encephalitis should be considered a general term encompassing at least three diseases caused by similar flaviviruses, whose range spans an area from the British Isles (Louping ill), across Europe, as central Europe tick-borne encephalitis transmitted mainly by Ixodes ricinus, to far-eastern Russia, as Russian spring-summer encephalitis, which is transmitted mainly by I. persulcatus. The three diseases differ in severity, with Louping ill being the mildest and Russian spring-summer encephalitis the most severe. Man is infected by the bite of infected ticks and, much more rarely, by ingestion of milk from infected domestic animals (Dumpis et al., 1999). The tick is both a vector and a reservoir host; once infected, it remains infected throughout its life, through its metamorphosis and transmits the virus to its progeny. Small rodents (field-mice or voles) are the prime vertebrate hosts.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Vector- and Rodent-Borne Diseases in Europe and North AmericaDistribution, Public Health Burden, and Control, pp. 89 - 148Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2006