Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-jbqgn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-15T23:27:48.886Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Bipolar disorder in children and adolecents: a clinical reality?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2015

C.G. Reichart ,
W.A. Nolen ,
M. Wals  and
M.H.J. Hillegers
C.G. Reichart*
Affiliation:
Academic Hospital Rotterdam-Sophia Children's Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
W.A. Nolen
Affiliation:
The University Medical Centre Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, The Netherlands Altrecht Institute for Mental Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands
M. Wals
Affiliation:
Altrecht Institute for Mental Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands
M.H.J. Hillegers
Affiliation:
Altrecht Institute for Mental Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands
*
Afdeling Psychiatrie, adolescentenkliniek, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Tel. +31-10-463455, Fax +31-10-4633217, E-mail reichart@psyd.azr.nl
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The appearance, the differential diagnosis and the prevalence of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents is discussed. Among adolescents bipolar disorder appears to have a similar prevalence in the US and The Netherlands. However, among children it is frequently diagnosed in the US and hardly in The Netherlands. It is concluded that bipolar disorder tends to start earlier in the US than in the Netherlands. It is hypothesized that this may be related to a higher use of stimulants and antidepressants by US children diagnosed as ADHD or depression, respectively.

Keywords

bipolar disorderchildrenadolescentsprevalencestimulants
Type
Articles
Information
Acta Neuropsychiatrica , Volume 12 , Issue 3 , September 2000 , pp. 132 - 135
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Goodwin, FK, Jamison, KR. Manic Depressive Illness. New York, NY, Oxford University Press. 1990.Google Scholar
2.Lorangcr, A, Levine, P. Age of onset of bipolar affective illness. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1978:35:1345–1348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Carlson, GA. Classification issues of bipolar disorders in childhood. Psychiatr Dev 1984:2:273–285.Google ScholarPubMed
4.Biederman, J, Wozniak, J, Kiely, K. CBCL clinical scales discriminate prepubertal children with structured interview-derived diagnoses of mania from those with ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995:34:464–471.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5.Carlson, GA, Kashani, JH. Manic symptoms in a non-referred adolescent population. J Affect Disord 1988:15:219–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Lewinsohn, PM, Klein, DN, Sceley, JR. Bipolar disorder in a community sample of older adolescents: prevalence, phenomenology, comorbidity, and course. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995:34:454–463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Verhulst, FC, Van der Ende, J, Ferdinand, RF, Kasius, MC. The prevalence of DSM-III-R diagnoses in a national sample of Dutch adolescents. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997:54:329–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Maj, M, Pirozzi, R, Formicola, AM, Bartoli, L, Bucci, P. Reliability and validity of the DSM-IV diagnostic category of schizoaffective disorder: preliminary data. J Affect Disord 2000:57:95–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Bijl, RV, Van Zossen, G, Ravelli, A. Psychiatrische morbiditeit onder volwassenen in Nederland: II: prevalentie van psychiatrische stoornissen. Ned Tijdschr Geneesk. 1997:141:2453–2460.Google Scholar
10.Kessler, RC, McGonagle, KA, Zhao, S, Nelson, CB, Hughes, M, Eshleman, S, Wittchen, HU, Kendler, KS. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994:51:8–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Biederman, J, Klein, RG, Pine, DS, Kein, DF. Resolved: mania is mistaken for ADHD in prepubertal children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1998:37:1091–1096.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Altshuler, LL, Post, RM, Leverich, GS, Mikalauskas, K, Rosoff, A, Ackerman, L. Antidepressantinduced mania and cycle acceleration: a controversy revisited. Am J Psychiatry 1995:152:1130–1138.Google ScholarPubMed
13.Safer, DF, Zit, JM, Fine, FM. Increased mothylphonidate usage for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the 1990s. Pediatrics. 1996:89:1084–1088.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Geller, B, Luby, J. Child and Adolescent Bipolar Disorder: Review of the Past 10 Years. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997:36:1168–1176.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed