1 See Sean, D. Murphy, Contemporary Practice of the United States, 94 AJIL 348, 348-50 (2000).Google Scholar

2 See U.S. Mission to the United Nations Press Release, Ambassador Richard C. Holbrooke, United States Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Statement in the Fifth Committee of the General Assembly on the UN Peacekeeping Scale of Assessments (Oct. 3, 2000), at <http://www.un.int/usa/00_133.htm>. Numerous documents relating to U.S. advocacy of UN reform are available on the Web site of the U.S. Mission to the United Nations at <http://www.un.int/usa/reform.htm>.

3 [Editor’s Note: GA Res. 1874, UN GAOR, 4th Spec. Sess., Supp. No. 1, at 3, UN Doc. A/5441 (1963).]

4 Richard, C. Holbrooke, U.S. Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Statement in the Fifth Committee of the General Assembly on United Nations Peacekeeping (May 16, 2000), at <http://www.un.int/usa/reform.htm>Google Scholar; see Crossette, Barbara, U.S. Seeks Sweeping Overhaul to Fix Peacekeeping by U.N., N.Y. Times, May 17, 2000, at A10.Google Scholar

5 See Lynch, Colum, France Blocks U.S. Bid for Key U.N. Position, Wash. Post, Aug. 4, 2000, at A14.Google Scholar

6 Report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations, UN Doc. A/55/305-S/2000/809 (2000) (Brahimi Report), available at <http://www.un.org/peace/reports/peace_operations/>. The United States was represented on the panel by a former administrator of the U.S. Agency for International Development, J. Brian Atwood. See Crossette, Barbara, UN. Is Urged to Upgrade Peacekeeping Department, N.Y. Times, Aug. 24, 2000, at A10 Google Scholar; Lynch, Colum, Overhaul of U.N. Peacekeeping Is Urged, Wash. Post, Aug. 24, 2000, at A18 Google Scholar; U.S. Dep’t of State Fact Sheet on the Brahimi Report on UN Peacekeeping Reform (Aug. 23,2000), at <http://www.un.int/usa/iofact25.htm>.

7 The UN Millennium Summit was held September 6-8, 2000, in New York with 100 heads of state, 47 heads of government, 43 crown princes, and other leaders in attendance. In addition to the signing or ratifying of nearly 300 treaties or conventions, the summit produced the General Assembly’s United Nations Millennium Declaration, a sweeping and ambitious statement of goals and principles. The declaration took note of the Brahimi Report and requested that the General Assembly consider its recommendations expeditiously. For the United Nations Millennium Declaration and other documents relating to the Millennium Summit, see <http://www.un.org/millennium/summit.htm>. See also Crossette, Barbara, U.N. Meeting Ends with Declaration of Common Values, N.Y. Times, Sept. 9, 2000, at A1 Google Scholar; Lynch, Colum, U.N. Summit Ends with Ambitious Declaration, Wash. Post, Sept. 9, 2000, at A16.Google Scholar

8 See Remarks to the United Nations Millennium Summit in New York City, 36 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 2007 (Sept. 11, 2000).Google Scholar

9 SC Res. 1318 (Sept. 7, 2000). At the same time, the five permanent members of the Security Council issued a statement agreeing on the need for changes in the peacekeeping structure. See Joint Statement by the Permanent Members of the United Nations Security Council on the Millennium Summit, 36 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 2018 (Sept. 11, 2000), available at <http://www.un.int/usa/reform.htm>>Google Scholar. The United States and Russia also issued a joint statement along the same lines. See Joint Statement by the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation and the Secretary of State of the United States of America (Sept. 7, 2000), at <http://www.un.int/usa/reform.htm>.

10 See Report of the Secretary-General on the Implementation of the Report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations, UN Doc. A/55/502 (2000); Resource Requirements for Implementation of the Report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations, UN Doc. A/55/507 & Add. l (2000).

11 SC Res. 1327 (Nov. 13, 2000).

12 See Lynch, Colum, U.N. Acts to Reduce U.S. Share of Costs, Wash. Post, Sept. 8, 2000, at A24.Google Scholar

13 Id.

14 See Crossette, Barbara, Europeans Reject U.S. Bid to Lower U.N. Dues, N.Y. Times, Oct. 3, 2000, at A8.Google Scholar

15 See Crossette, Barbara, On U.N. Dues, No U.S. Cover from Europe, N.Y. Times, Dec. 8, 2000, at A10.Google Scholar

16 See Crossette, Barbara, A High-Ranking Democrat Lobbies for U.N. Dues Break, N.Y. Times, Dec. 13, 2000, at A14.Google Scholar

17 See Lynch, Colum, Turner Offers $35 Million to Help U.S. Pay U.N. Dues, Wash. Post, Dec. 22, 2000, at A1.Google Scholar

18 GA Res. 55/239 (Dec. 23, 2000).

19 GA Res. 55/235 (Dec. 23, 2000). The reduction in U.S. payments will be offset by increased contributions from about 18 states, including Brazil, China, Russia, South Korea, and the Persian Gulf states. See Lynch, Colum, U.N. Assembly Votes to Reduce U.S. Dues, Wash. Post, Dec. 24, 2000, at A16.Google Scholar

20 107 Cong. Rec. S1118 (daily ed. Feb. 7, 2001); see Senate Foreign Relations Committee Press Release on Helms Statement Supporting Release of U.N. Arrears (Feb. 7, 2001), at <http://www.senate.gov/~helms/>; Marquis, Christopher, Satisfied with UN. Reforms, Helms Relents on Back Dues, N.Y. Times, Jan. 10, 2001, at A8 Google Scholar; Alvarez, Lizette, Senate Ends Its Feud with UN, Voting for $582 Million in Payment, N.Y. Times, Feb. 8, 2001, at A1.Google Scholar

21 See Eilperin, Juliet, House Votes to Block Payment of U.N. Dues, Wash. Post, May 11, 2001, at A1.Google Scholar While the House voted in favor of paying the second tranche of $582 million, it voted to add a further condition for U.S. payment of the third tranche of $244 million, requiring that the United States first regain its seat on the U.N. Human Rights Commission.