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The Origin of the Hague Arbitral Courts*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 May 2017

Denys P. Myers
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Extract

A few years of experience with the Permanent Court of Arbitration served to make clear the points on which it could be improved. “There was thus created,” wrote James Brown Scott as reporter of the project for a Court of Arbitral Justice, “a single institution which might decide purely legal questions on the basis of respect for law, and broader questions of a non-judicial nature, either or both of which were to be decided by judges, that is arbiters, chosen by the parties in controversy. In modern states judicial questions are decided by judges in courts of justice, and the judges are not the direct appointees of the parties. In matters of purely private interest which may be compromised, judges of the parties’ choice are as much in place as they would be out of place in a court of justice.”

Type
Research Article
Information
American Journal of International Law , Volume 10 , Issue 2 , April 1916 , pp. 270 - 311
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 1916

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Footnotes

*

The first part of this article appeared in the Journal for October, 1914 (Vol. 8), p. 760.

References

25 Scott’s American Addresses at the Second Hague Conference, 113–114; 1 Deuxième Conférence de la Paix, 348.

26 See For. Rel., 1904, 10–14; 1905, 828-830; 1906, 1625–1642; 1907, 1099–1287.

27 Proceedings of the National Arbitration and Peace Congress, New York, 1907, 33–34; Scott’s American Addresses, etc., 78–79, 2 Deuxiéme Conférence, 309 and 327.

28 Ibid., 43 ff.; American Addresses, etc., 84-86; 2 Deuxième Conférence, 314–315.

29 Sen. Doc. 444, 60th Cong. 1st Sess., 10–11, 12; For. Rel., 1907, 1133, 1135; Instructions to American Delegates to the Hague Conferences, World Peace Foundation Pamphlet Series, 20, 22–23; Scott: The Hague Peace Conferences of 1899 and 1907, II, 189, 191.

30 See For. Rel., 1906, 1626 and 1630, and 1 Deuxième Conférence, etc., XVII.

31 2 Deuxième Conférence, etc., 5.

32 2 Deuxième Conférence, etc., 209.

33 This work began at the second session on June 27 and continued through ten sessions until August 13, when the subcommission’s work was done on this subject. Oomite d’Examen A, established by the fourth session of the subcommission on July 9, held but six sessions for its task of putting the revision in shape for submission, its first four on July 13, 16, 20 and 23, a fifth on August 13, and a sixth on October 1. Subcommissions of the Conference and their subordinate comités d’examen met at the convenience of their members, some of whom were frequently liable to have conflicting engagements. Commissions met in the morning and afternoon, Tuesday morning and Thursday afternoon being set for the first, which is the one in which we are here interested.

34 Ibid., 375.

35 The term used as the title for the document annually issued is rapport.

36 1 Deuxième Conférence, 62; Scott’s Hague Peace Conferences, I, 774.

37 American Addresses, etc., 205; Scott’s Hague Peace Conferences, I, 821–822; 2 Deuxième Conférence, etc., 1031–1032, from which the preamble is translated.

38 2 Deuxième Conférence, 233–234, 235–236.

39 2 Deuxième Conférence, 289.

40 American Addresses, etc., 80–81; 2 Deuxième Conférence, 310–311 and 328–329.

41 American Addresses, etc., 86 ff. passim; 2 Deuxième Conférence, 315–321 passim. The translation, by Dr. Scott himself, is frequently somewhat free.

42 2 Denxième Conférence, 321–323.

43 Francisco L. de la Barra had preceded the British delegate in a statement for Mexico, and Carlos Rodriguez Larreta of Argentina preceded M. Drago, but their speeches did not strictly relate to the court.

44 2 Deuxième Conférence, 331–332, 332–333.

45 Speech at 2 Deuxième Conférence, 338–339; project at 1034.

46 2 Deuxième Conférence, 1033; the speech is at 344–345.

47 2 Deuxième Conférence, 347–349.

48 Uruguay, through Juan P. Castro, reserved the right of “examining whether the organization of the permanent court offered all guaranties which should be expected of it.”

49 For the appointment of this committee see 2 Deuxième Conférence, 227.

50 Denkschrift über die zweite Internationale Friedenskonferenz, 3.

51 2 Deuxième Conférence, 593.

52 Ibid., 593–601.

53 2 Deuxième Conférence, 606–612; American Addresses, etc., 99–103.

54 Ibid., 609–612, 1040–1043; American Addresses, 204.

55 2 Deuxième Conférence, 620–621, 1047–1048.

56 Honduran delegates were now admitted.

57 See this speech in American Addresses, etc., 103-109; 2 Deuxième Conférence, 683–687, 689–693.

58 2 Deuxième Conférence, 694–695.

59 Ibid., 697–699; American Addresses, etc., 109–111.

60 2 Deuxième Conférence, 144–160.

61 Ibid., 177–190.

62 1 Deuxième Conférence, 331–332.

63 For. Rel., 1907, lxiii.

64 Ibid., 1178.

65 Denkschrift, etc., 3.

66 Ministère des Affaires étrangères. Documents diplomaliques. Deuxième Conférence Internationale de la paix, 1907, 116.

67 Miscellaneous No. 1 (1908), Pari. Pap., 1908, cxxiv, 20 and 21.

68 See this Journal, Vol. 4, pp. 163–166, and Supplement, Vol. 4, pp. 102–114, at 109 ff.

69 For a technical analysis of the plan and the proposed alternatives see a paper in the Proceedings of the American Society for Judicial Settlement of International Disputes, 1913, on “The Composition of the Court,” 153–171.

70 See particularly Proceedings of the American Society for Judicial Settlement of International Disputes, 1913, 165–168.