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The Russian Bible Society—a Case of Religious Xenophobia11

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 August 2018

Extract

Who that has read that inimitable book by George Borrow, The Bible in Spain, and been entertained by his pilgrimage through that country has not been struck by the sheer audacity with which a handful of English colporteurs set out to redeem the world by the distribution of one book—the Bible? To take the Bible into every cottage, to make its phrases familiar to all, and through this medium alone, without homilies or comment, to proselytize the civilized world was the simple but forbidding task to which the British and Foreign Bible Society had addressed itself since it was first organized in London in 1804. It had spread its agents over Europe and America, it had taken the Scriptures to the Protestant countries of the North and had braved the opposition of the Catholic hierarchy by invading Spain, Portugal, and other countries of the South.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies 1948

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Footnotes

1

Based on a paper read at a meeting of the American Historical Society in Cleveland

References

2 Dudley, Charles Stokes, An Analysis of the System of the Bible Society throughout Its Different Parts…. (London, 1821), p. 25 Google Scholar, citing Owen, John, History of the British and Foreign Bible Society, 3 vols. (New York, 1817), I, 237 Google Scholar.

3 Astaf'ev, N. A., Opyt istorii biblii v Rossii (St. Petersburg, 1889), p. 144 Google Scholar.

4 Henderson, Ebenezer, Biblical Researches and Travels in Russia, Including a Tour of the Crimea and the Passage of the Caucasus (London, 1826), pp. 420-32Google Scholar.

5 Owen, , op. cit., I, 240 ffGoogle Scholar, cited by Dudley, , op. cit., pp. 2425 Google Scholar.

6 von Bernhardi, Theodor, Geschichte Russlands und der Europäischcn Politik in den jahren, 1814-1831, 3 vols. (Leipzig, 1863-1867), III, 193 Google Scholar; Astaf'ev, , op. cit., pp. 122-67.Google Scholar The Finnish society was authorized in 1811.

7 Dudley, , op. cit., pp. 4546.Google Scholar It will be observed that the Finnish society already authorized in 1811 was not to be embraced under the terms of this ukaz which was to apply to the whole of the Russian Empire. One or two slight changes have been made in the text of the ukaz in the interests of greater clarity.

8 Owen, , op. cit., II, 247-48Google Scholar, cited in Dudley, , op. cit., p. 46.Google Scholar

9 Characterzüge aus dem Leben Koenigi Fredricki Wilhelms,, cited in Schnitzler, J. H., Secret History of the Court and Government of Russia under the Emperors Alexander and Nicholas (London, 1847), I, 408.Google Scholar A somewhat similar account is given in Nadler, V. K., Imperator Aleksandr I i ideja svjaScennogo sojuza (Riga, 1886-1892), II, 122.Google Scholar

10 Nadler, , op. cit., II, 122 ff.Google Scholar

11 Waliszewski, Kasimiercz, La Russie il y a cent ans; le regne d'Alexandre ler (Paris, 1923-25), II, 340-41Google Scholar.

12 An illustration of the popularity of books treating of religious subjects is found in the evidence given by Novikov, when he was tried in a court of law: “At first we printed books of various kinds; but afterwards, as we came to see that the religious books were in greater demand, we printed them in greater numbers.” D. I. Ilovajskij in Ežegodnik russkoj slovesnosti i drevnosti, II, 16, cited by K. Grass in article, “Mysticism (Christian, Russian),” in Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, IX, 104.

13 Čistovič, I. A., Rukovodjaščie dejateli dukhovnogo prosveščenija v Rossii v pervoj folovine tekuščego stoletija (St. Petersburg, 1894), p. 161 ff.Google Scholar

14 von Goetze, P. O., Fürst Alexander Nicohewitsch Golitzin und seine Zeit (Leipzig, 1882), pp. 9091 Google Scholar.

15 Ibid., p. 24; Čistovič, op. cit., pp. 175, 176.

16 Tolstoj, D. A., Le Catholicisme romain en Russie (Paris, 1863-64), II, 95 Google Scholar.

17 Von Bernhardt, , op. cit., III, 41.Google Scholar

18 Nadler, , op. cit., I, 90.Google Scholar

19 Von Bernhardi, , op. cit., I, 7680 Google Scholar.

20 Ibid., III , 85-89, 197-208.

21 Fourteenth Report of the British and Foreign Bible Society (London, 1818).

22 Waliszewski, , op. cit., II, 432-33Google Scholar.

23 Fourth Annual Report of the British and Foreign Bible Society (London, 1816-17), p. 19. Letter from John Paterson, St. Petersburg, June 23, 1815, to the London office.

24 Sixth Annual Report of the British and Foreign Bible Society (London, 1818-19), p. 91. Letter from John Paterson, St. Petersburg, Oct. 2, 1818, to the London office.

25 Dudley, , op. cit., p. 47 Google Scholar.

26 Sixth Annual Report of the British and Foreign Bible Society (London, 1818-19), p. 93, Letter of John Paterson, St. Petersburg, Nov. 20, 1818, to the London office.

27 Astaf'ev, , op. cit., pp. 159-60Google Scholar; Dudley, op. cit., Compendium of British and Foreign Bible Society, April, 1821, Appendix VI.

28 Astaf'ev, , op. cit., p. 146.Google Scholar

29 Fourteenth Report of the British and Foreign Bible Society (London, 1818).

30 Arkhimandrit Jur'evskij Fotij, “Avtobiografija,” Russkaja starina, LXXXI (1894), 218.

31 Ibid., LXXXI, 221.

32 Pëtr V. Znamenskij, “Čttenija iz istorii russkoj cerkvi za vremja Aleksandra I,” Pravoslavnyj sobesednik, October, 1885, p. 237.

33 Von Goetze, , op. cit., p. 179 ff.Google Scholar

34 Ibid., p. 105 ff.

35 Waliszewski, , op. cit., II, 438-39Google Scholar.

36 Astaf'ev, , op. cit., p. 154.Google Scholar

37 Šil'der, N . K., Imperator Aleksandr Pervyj:ego žizri i carstvovanie (St. Petersburg, 1898), IV, 249-50Google Scholar.

38 §il'der claims that it was enforced only against the Masons.

39 The above account is largely taken from §il'der, op. cit., IV, 318-20.

40 Von Goetze, , op. cit., pp. 201209 Google Scholar.

41 Pypin, A., Religioznaja Dviženija,pp. 257-58Google Scholar.