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Ear Studs for Greek Ladies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

Friedrich Brein
Friedrich Brein
Affiliation:
University of Vienna
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Extract

By the following lines I should like to express my gratitude to Fritz Eichler, the late Director of the Austrian Archaeological Institute, a gentleman whose like may not be found so easily nowadays, who made possible A. Bammer's work at the Ephesus Artemisium, and who directed my interest to East Greek art and artistry as well, since at the moment times are hard for an archaeologist who works on other than Roman Imperial trifles at Efes City.

When Bammer came across bobbin-like objects made of rock crystal, some people thought that he had found parts of Wood's surveying devices or the like, in spite of the fact that they came without any doubt from stratified layers dated between 650 and 550 B.C. Besides, Hogarth had unearthed some 15 pieces of this type already. These “large studs or buttons”, as Hogarth had called them, are hyperboloids of specific shape turned on a lathe, as can be inferred by a faint deepening in the centre of the larger side of some of these hyperboloids. The larger side is always concave, the smaller one plane or slightly convex.

Type
Research Article
Information
Anatolian Studies , Volume 32 , December 1982 , pp. 89 - 92
Copyright
Copyright © The British Institute at Ankara 1982

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References

1 Cf. Brein, F., Proc. of the 10th Internat. Congress of Class. Arch. (1978), 721 sqq.Google Scholar; id., Études préliminaries aux religions orientales dans l'empire romain (henceforward EPRO) 66 (= Festschrift Dörner, 1978), 126 sq. For other abbreviations see Archaeologische Bibliographie.

2 Hogarth, D. G., Excavations at Ephesus: The Archaic Artemisia (1908), 210 sq., pl. 46, 1Google Scholar; 3; 5; 6; 11; 14; cf. 18; 25; 39.

3 Bammer, A., Ist. Mitt. 23/24 (1973/1974), 58 sqq., figs. 2–4Google Scholar.

4 Pl. XXIIIa: 71/K 44 (the smallest one): h. 1·02 cm., dm. 1·67 cm. b and c. 71/K 58 (two items): h. 1·58 cm., dm. 3·4 cm. and h. 1·34 cm., dm. 3·06 cm.

5 The others: 72/K 51 (two items), 73/K 10, 73/K 84, 75/K 322, 81/K 381.

6 One possible source is the Tmolus region, from where rock crystal could have been imported as well as electrum. At Sardis until now only finished objects, no raw pieces of crystal have been excavated.

7 Bammer, op. cit., 59, note 17. Add Deltion 27 (1972), II 2 pl. 472 b, p. 536Google Scholar.

8 H. 1·18 cm., dm. 3·97 cm.

9 Bammer, op. cit., 59 sqq.

10 Hogarth, op. cit., 210 sq.

11 Some of them Brein, F., EPRO 66 (1978), 116 sqqGoogle Scholar.

12 Boehlau, J., Aus ionischen und italischen Nekropolen (1898), 161Google Scholar. (It won't work).

13 Hogarth, op. cit., 211.

14 Hogarth, op. cit., 192, pl. 36, 33; 34; 40. New pieces: 71/K 69, 72/K 13, 81/K 200. Cf. Chavanne, M.-J., Salamine de Chypre, VI (1975), 189 sqGoogle Scholar.

15 E. g. Hogarth, op. cit., 192: also with gold or bronze. Wolff, P., EPRO 66 (1978), 113 sqqGoogle Scholar. Very rare are astragali of cattle and pigs.

16 Hogarth, op. cit., 190 sqq.

17 Pl. XXIIIf, g: 80/A 1: l. 2·48 cm., w. 1·2 cm., h. 1·02 cm. Others 80/A 4, 80/A 16.

18 Pl. XXIIIe: 73/K 77: h. 1·09 cm., dm. 1·51 cm. Hogarth op. cit., 211, pl. 46, 7–10; 13; 16.

19 Greifenhagen, A., AntK 8 (1965) p. 13 sq.Google Scholar, pl. 6, 5. Id., Schmuckarbeiten in Edelmetall I (1970), 28, pl. 8, 8.

20 TAM III, 34 sqGoogle Scholar.

21 Didyma I (1941), 138Google Scholar. Cf. Chavane, M.-J., Salamine de Chypre, VI (1975), 185 sqqGoogle Scholar.

22 Delphi Museum. Fouilles de Delphes IV (1927), pl. 10 sqGoogle Scholar.

23 Hemelrijk, J. M., “Some Ear ornaments in Archaic Cypriot and East Greek Art”, BullAntBesch 38 (1963). 39 fig. 25Google Scholar, cf. 40, fig. 27.

24 Anacr. fr. 54 Diehl (96 Edmonds) ap. Athen. 12, 533 sq.: Πρὶν μὲν ἔχων … ξυλίνους ἀστραγάλους ἐν ὠσὶ … νῦν δ(ε) … Χρύσεα φορέων καθέρματα.

25 Some of the bored natural astragali (with traces of gold or bronze, see note 15) may have been ear ornaments fastened by wires.

26 Hogarth, op. cit. 192, pl. 35·5–20; 22. 77/K 37, 80/A 1 (= here pl. XXIIIh), 80/A 4 (two pieces), 80/A 9, 80/A 17, 81/K 201. 80/A 1: h. 0·64 cm., dm. 2·07 cm., centre bored, on border maeander hooks incised between circle lines (two towards the middle).

27 Higgins, R., Greek and Roman Jewellery2 (1980) 113 sq.Google Scholar; 127 sq.

28 Now in Manisa Museum.

29 Hadaczek, K., Der Ohrschmuck der Griechen und Etrusker (Abh. d. arch.-epigr. Seminars der Univ. Wien 14, 1903) 10 sq.; 68 sqGoogle Scholar.

30 Hemelrijk, op. cit., 34 sqq.

31 London Brit. Mus. B. 91, from Ephesus. Pryce, F. N., BMCatSculpt 1, 1 (1928), pl. 5Google Scholar.

32 Delphi Museum. Fouilles de Delphes IV (1927), pl. 26Google Scholar.

33 Bielefeld, E., Arch. Hom. I C p. 58 note 560Google Scholar. Cf. Richter, G. M. A., Kouroi (1960), fig. 37 sqGoogle Scholar.

34 Athens Acr. Mus. 624, Brouskari, M. S., The Acropolis Museum (1974) 40 sqGoogle Scholar.

35 Illustrations may easily be found in the ethnology departments of any public library, e.g. Hopper, J. H., Indians of Brazil in the Twentieth Century (1967), figs. 22 and 24Google Scholar.

36 Hemelrijk, op. cit., 37 and fig. 7.

37 Hogarth, op. cit., 189, pl. 35, 2–4.

38 Hogarth, op. cit., 149, cf. pl. 46, 1: crystal ring. New pieces: 73/K 10 (two pieces), 73/K 85 (four pieces), 73/K 136, 75/K 303, 80/A 1, 80/A 2, 80/A 3, 80/K 252, 80/K 259, 80/K 419, 81/K 49, 81/K 186 (three pieces), 81/K 192 (two pieces), 81/K 200, 81/K 203, 81/K 252. Pl. XXIIi, j: 75/K 352: h. 1·15 cm., dm. 2·7 cm.

39 Hom. Il. 14, 182, cf. h. Hom. 6, 8.