In 1991, USDA's National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) conducted its first dairy study, a baseline assessment that focused on the health and management of heifer calves. During the study, producers ranked respiratory disease among the top two most common health problems affecting dairy calves. Over the last 25 years, U.S. dairy producers have participated in six NAHMS studies, yielding a rich repository of information that has helped identify needs for research, extension, and education in the dairy industry. NAHMS’ most recent dairy study, conducted in 2014, provides the latest estimates on dairy cattle health and includes another in-depth look at heifer-calf health. While overall mortality in calves has decreased, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) remains an important cause of morbidity in calves. This raises the concern that BRD mitigation may be at a standstill on dairies. Research and on-farm experience have done much to elucidate the challenges associated with detection and perceived impacts of this complex disease. Continued development and implementation of new methods for monitoring health and detecting disease will provide additional tools to upend stalemating factors associated with BRD control, helping the dairy industry ‘turn a corner’ on this important disease.