Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-r6qrq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T14:29:49.123Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of dietary protein content and feeding level on carcass characteristics and organ weights of Iberian pigs growing between 50 and 100 kg live weight

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

R. Barea ,
R. Nieto ,
L. Lara ,
M.A. García ,
M.A. Vílchez  and
J.F. Aguilera
R. Barea
Affiliation:
Unidad de Nutrición Animal, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Camino del Jueves s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
R. Nieto
Affiliation:
Unidad de Nutrición Animal, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Camino del Jueves s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
L. Lara
Affiliation:
Unidad de Nutrición Animal, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Camino del Jueves s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
M.A. García
Affiliation:
Unidad de Nutrición Animal, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Camino del Jueves s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
M.A. Vílchez
Affiliation:
Sucesores de Miguel Vílchez Riquelme SA, Granada, Spain
J.F. Aguilera*
Affiliation:
Unidad de Nutrición Animal, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Camino del Jueves s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
*
†Corresponding author. E-mail: jose.aguilera@eez.csic.es
Get access

Abstract

The effects of dietary protein content and level of feeding on carcass characteristics and organ weights were studied in castrated male Iberian pigs growing from 50 to 100 kg live weight (LW). Animals were offered four diets providing 145, 120, 95 and 70 g ideal crude protein (CP) per kg dry matter (DM) and 13·94, 14·29, 14·56 and 14·83 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) per kg DM, respectively. Three levels of feeding were assayed: 0·60, 0·80 and 0·95 of ad libitum intake. The pigs were slaughtered at 100 kg LW. Daily gain in carcass (carcass gain, g/day) and protein deposition (PD, g/day) in this component attained 76·2% and 78·8% of whole-body average daily gain and PD, respectively. Carcass gain improved with each decrease in dietary CP from 145 up to 120 g/kg DM and then levelled off. A small but significant effect of dietary CP on carcass composition was observed, due to an enhanced fat deposition in pigs fed the lowest protein content diet. Mean values of protein, fat, ash and water contents in the carcass were 101·8, 522·7, 27·6 and 353·7 g/kg respectively. PD in the eviscerated carcass was not affected significantly by dietary protein level but tended to reach a maximum value with the diet that provided 95 g CP per kg DM: 55·7 g/day at the highest feeding level assayed. Carcass energy retention (MJ/day) increased significantly ( P<0·001) with decreasing dietary protein supply and on increasing level of feeding. Raising feed intake resulted in a significant decrease for carcass and a concomitant increase for viscera, as proportions of empty body weight ( P<0·05 and P<0·001, respectively). Proportional weights of shoulder and ham were not affected either by dietary CP content or feeding level. Proportionate weights of dissectable fat in the shoulder and intermuscular and subcutaneous fat in the ham were not affected by CP content of the diet. In contrast, intermuscular fat content of ham was increased by feeding level ( P<0·05), likely with implications for the quality of the cured meat product.

Keywords

carcass compositionenergy intakepigsprotein intake
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Science , Volume 82 , Issue 3 , June 2006 , pp. 405 - 413
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agricultural Research Council 1981. The nutrient requirements of pigs. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau, Slough.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990. Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 15th edition. AOAC, Arlington, VA.Google Scholar
Barea, R. 2005. [Metabolic utilization of diets of varying crude protein content in the growing-fattening Iberian pig.] Ph.D. thesis, University of Córdoba.Google Scholar
Bikker, P. 1994. Protein and lipid accretion in body components of growing pigs: effects of body weight and nutrient intake. Ph.D. thesis, Wageningen Agricultural University.Google Scholar
Campbell, R. G. and Taverner, M. R. 1988. Genotype and sex effects on the relationship between energy intake and protein deposition in growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 66: 676–686.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friesen, K. G., Nelssen, J. L., Unruh, J. A., Goodband, R. D. and Tokach, M. D. 1994. Effects of the interrelationship between genotype, sex, and dietary lysine on growth performance and carcass composition in finishing pigs fed to either 104 or 127 kilograms. Journal of Animal Science 72: 946–954.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fuller, M. F., Franklin, M. F., McWilliam, R. and Pennie, K. 1995. The responses of growing pigs, of different sex and genotype, to dietary energy and protein. Animal Science 60: 291–298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kerr, B. J., Southorn, L. L., Bidner, T. D., Friesen, K. G. and Easter, R. A. 2003. Influence of dietary protein level, amino acid supplementation, and dietary energy levels on growing-finishing pig performance and carcass composition. Journal of Animal Science 81: 3075–3087.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knowles, T. A., Southern, L. L., Bidner, T. D., Kerr, B. J. and Friesen, K. G. 1998. Effect of dietary fiber or fat in low-crude protein, crystalline amino acid-supplemented diets for finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 76: 2818–2832.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kolstad, K. and Vangen, O. 1996. Breed differences in maintenance requirements of growing pigs when accounting for changes in body composition. Livestock Production Science 47: 23–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koong, L. J., Nienaber, J. A. and Mersmann, H. J. 1983. Effects of plane of nutrition on organ size and fasting heat production in genetically obese and lean pigs. Journal of Nutrition 113: 1626–1631.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lobley, G. E. 1993. Species comparisons of tissue protein metabolism: effects of age and hormonal action. Journal of Nutrition 123: 337–343.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nieto, R., Lara, L., García, M. A., Gómez, F., Zaldive, M., Cruz, M., Pariente, J. M., Moreno, A. and Aguilera, J. F. 2001. Evaluación de un sistema integrado de alimentación en el cerdo ibérico. Análisis del consumo de alimentos e índices productivos. Sólo Cerdo Ibérico 6: 57–59.Google Scholar
Nieto, R., Lara, L., García, M. A., Vílchez, M. A. and Aguilera, J. F. 2003. Effects of dietary protein content and feed intake on carcass characteristics and organ weights of growing Iberian pigs. Animal Science 77: 47–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nieto, R., Miranda, A., García, M. A. and Aguilera, J. F. 2002. The effect of dietary protein content and feeding level on the rate of protein deposition and energy utilization in growing Iberian pigs from 15 to 50 kg body weight. British Journal of Nutrition 88: 39–49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Noblet, J., Henry, Y. and Dubois, S. 1987. Effect of protein and lysine levels in the diet on body gain composition and energy utilization in growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 65: 717–726.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Noblet, J., Karage, C., Dubois, S. and van Milgen, J. 1999. Metabolic utilization of energy and maintenance requirements in growing pigs: effects of sex and genotype. Journal of Animal Science 77: 1208–1216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Quiniou, N., Dourmad, J. Y. and Noblet, J. 1996a. Effect of energy intake on the performance of different types of pig from 45 to 100 kg body weight 1. Protein and lipid deposition. Animal Science 63: 277–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quiniou, N., Noblet, J. and Dourmad, J. Y. 1996b. Effect of energy intake on the performance of different types of pig from 45 to 100 kg body weight 2. Tissue gain. Animal Science 63: 289–296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quiniou, N., Noblet, J., van Milgen, J. and Dourmad, J. Y. 1995. Effect of energy intake on performance, nutrient and tissue gain and protein and energy utilization in growing boars. Animal Science 61: 133–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rao, D. S. and McCracken, K. J. 1992. Energy:protein interactions in growing boars of high genetic potential for lean growth 1. Effects on growth, carcass characteristics and organ weights. Animal Production 54: 75–82.Google Scholar
Smith, J. W., II O'Quinn, P. R., Goodband, R. D., Tokach, M. D. and Nelssen, J. L. 1999. Effects of low-protein, amino acid-fortified diets formulated on a net energy basis on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. Journal of Applied Animal Research 15:1–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Statistical Analysis Systems Institute 1990. SAS user's guide: statistics, version 6. SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC.Google Scholar
Thorbek, G., Chwalibog, A. and Henckel, S. 1984. Nitrogen and energy metabolism in pigs of Danish Landrace from 20 to 120 kg live weight. Norm for protein and energy requirements for maintenance and growth. Report from National Institute of Animal Science, Copenhagen 563: 114.Google Scholar
Tuitoek, K., Young, L. G., de Lange, C. F. M. and Kerr, B. J. 1997. The effect of reducing excess dietary amino acids on growing-finishing pig performance: an evaluation of the ideal protein concept. Journal of Animal Science 75: 1575–1583.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, B. R., Lan, Y. H., McKeith, F. K., Novakofski, J., Wheeler, M. B. and McLaren, D. J. 1995. Growth and body composition of Meishan and Yorkshire barrows and gilts. Journal of Animal Science 73: 738–749.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed