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Imposition et Mobilisation du Surplus Agricole a l'Epoque Stalinienne

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 July 2017

Robert C. Allen
Robert C. Allen*
Affiliation:
The University of British Columbia
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Extract

Le développement de l'économie soviétique dans les années 1930 a été soutenu par un important essor de l'investissement. L'allocation des ressources au secteur des biens de production s'est soldée par des niveaux d'investissement de plus en plus élevés et par une croissance rapide de la production non agricole. Parallèlement à l'essor de l'investissement, la comptabilité nationale indique une hausse proportionnelle de l'épargne. Quelle est ainsi la source de cette épargne ? L'hypothèse la plus répandue en fait le produit de la « mobilisation » de l'excédent agricole grâce à la collectivisation et au système étatisé d'approvisionnement. Preobrazhensky (1926) est connu pour avoir suggéré que l'État finance ses investissements en achetant à bas prix leurs produits aux fermiers et en leur vendant cher les produits manufacturés.

Summary

Summary

Did the collectivization of agriculture contribute to Soviet capital formation by mobilizing the agricultural surplus? While many historians have supported this view, it has been challenged by revisionists who claim that there was never a net flow of commodities from agriculture to the rest of the economy and that agriculture's terms of trade actually improved during the First Five Year Plan since the inflation of prices on the collective farm market outweighed the effects of the low prices paid for state procurements. This paper proposes new calculations of agriculture's trade balance that show that it was, indeed, a net supplier of resources and that those resources financed the investment drive of the 1930s. A computable general equilibrium model is used to assess intersectoral linkages. These simulations show that rapid industrialization would have been possible without collectivization, but that collectivization did accelerate industrial growth by depressing peasant incomes and increasing the rate of rural urban migration. The key contribution of collectivization was the mobilization of labour surplus, not surplus grain.

Type
L'Historiographie Économique Américaine
Information
Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales , Volume 53 , Issue 3 , June 1998 , pp. 569 - 595
Copyright
Copyright © Les Éditions de l’EHESS 1998

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References

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