^{page 518 note a} MS. 526.

^{page 518 note b} Lives of Edward the Confessor, ed. H. R. Luard (Rolls Series 3), 434.

^{page 518 note c} Archaeologia, lii. 257Google Scholar.

^{page 519 note a} 573 “Heraldi corpus collegit dilaceratum,

Collectum texit sindone purpurea;

Detulit et secum repetens sua castra marina,

Expleat ut solitas funeris exequias.

Heraldi mater, nimio constricta dolore,

Misit adusque Dueem, postulat et precibus,

Orbatæ miseræ natis tribus, et viduatæ,

580 Pro tribus uni[u]s reddat ut ossa sibi;

Si placet, aut corpus puro præponderet auro.

Sed Dux iratus prorsus utrumque negat:

Jurans quod potius præsentis littora portns

Illi committet aggere sub lapidum.

Ergo velut fuerat testatus, rupis in alto

Præcepit claudi vertice corpus humi.

Extemplo quidam, partim Normanims et Anglus,

Compater Heraldi, jussa libentur agit:

Corpus enim Regis cito sustulit et sepelivit,

590 Imponens lapidem, scripsitet in titulo:

Per mandata Ducis, Rex hic Heralde quiescis

Ul custos maneas litoris et pelagi.”

Guy of Amiens, De Bello Normamnnicn.

“Heraldus quibusdam signis est, non facie, recognitus, et in castra duois delatus, ac ad tumulandum prope lit.tus maris, quod diu cum armis servaverat, Guillelmo agnomine Maleto victoris jussu traditur.” Ordericus Vitalis, Historia Ecclesiastica, lib. iii. (ed. Prevost, 1840), ii. 151.

^{page 519 note b} “Ipse carens omni decore quibusdam signis, nequaquam facie, recognitus est, et in castra Ducis delatus, qui tumulandum eum Guillelmo agnomine Maletto conoessit, non matri pro corpore dilectæ prolis auri par pondus offerenti. Scivit enim non decere tali commercio aurum accipi. Æstimavit indignum fore ad matris libitum sepeliri, cujus ob nimiam cupiditatem insepulti remanerent innumerabiles. Dictum est illudendo, oportere situm esse custodem litoris et pelagi, quæ cum armis ante vesanus insedit. Nos tibi, Heralde, non insultamus, sed cum pio victore tuam ruinam lach[r]ymato miseramur et plangimus te. Vicisti digno te proventu, ad meritum tuum et in cruore jacuisti, et in littoreo tumulo jaces, et posthumse generationi tam Anglorum quam Normannorum abominabilis eris.”—William of Poitiers, Gesta Guillelmi Ducis Normannorum et Regis Anglorum, in Duchesne's Historiæ Normannorum Scriptores Antiqui (Paris, 1619), 204.Li Reis Heraut fu emportez 14093

E à Varhatn fu enterrez Maiz jo ne sai ki l'emporte Ne jo ne sui ki l'enterra.Wace, Roman de Ron.§ “Ille, ubi perfecta victoria potitus est, suos sepeliendos mirifice curavit; hostibus quoque si qui vellent, idem exequendi licentiam præbuit. Corpus Haroldi matri repetenti sine pretio misit, licet ilia multum per legatos obtulisset; acceptum itaque apud Waltham sepelivit, qnam ipse ecclesiam, ex proprio constructam in honere sanctæ Crucis, canonicis impleverat.”—William of Malmesbury, Gesta Regum Anglorum, lib. iii. (ed. Stubbs, Rolls Series 90) ii. 306, 307.

^{page 520 note a} The anonymous Waltham chronicler, a canon of the abbey who wrote about 1180, describes how two of the canons of Harold's college sought the body of Harold on the battlefield, and eventually found it by the aid of the king's mistress, Edith Swanneshals:“Quam cum adduxisset Osegodus, et inter strages mortuorum pluribus indiciis ipsa corpus regis Haroldi designasset, aptatum feretro, multis heroum Normanniæ comitatus honorem corpori exhibentibus, usque ad Pontem Belli qui nunc dicitur, ab ipsis fratribus, et multa supervenientium eopiositate Anglorum, qui audierant eorum imminens excidium, quia numquam fuit Anglis cognata Normannorum societas, cum magno honore corpus Waltham deductum sepelierunt, ubi usque hodie …. pro certo quieseit Walthamiæ.” W. Stubbs, The Foundation of Waltham Abbey (Oxford and London, 1861), 30.

^{page 520 note b} “Expleta missa, cum jam sarcofagum in terra locatum esset, sed corpus adhuc in feretro jaceret, magnus Gislebertus, Ebroicensis episcopus, in pulpitum ascendit, et prolixam locutionem de magnificentia defuncti principis eloquenter protelavit …. Porro, dum corpus in sarcofagum mitteretur, et violenter, quia vas per imprudentiam cæmentariorum breve structum erat, complicare tur, pinguissimus venter crepnit, et intolerabilis foetor circum astantes personas et reliqunm vulgus implevit. Funms tburis, aliorumque aromatum, de thuribulis copiose ascendebat; sed teterrimum putorem excludere non praevalebat. Sacerdotes itaque festinabant exequias perficere, et actutum sua cum pavore mappalia repetere.” Ordericus Vitalis, Historia Ecclesiastica, lib. vii. (Ed. A. le Prevost, Paris, 1845), iii. 251–254.

^{page 521 note a} Charles de Bourgueville, sieur du lieu, de Bras, et de Brucourt, Les Recherches et Antiquitez de la Ville et Université de Caen (Caen, 1588), 171, 172.Google Scholar

^{page 521 note b} Ed. Earle and Plummer (Oxford, 1892), i. 235.

^{page 521 note c} “Pauci rusticanorum cadaver, in rheda caballaria compositum, Wintoniam in episcopatirm devexere, cruore undatim per totam viam stillante.” William of Malmesbury. Oesta Regum Anglorum, lib. iv. (Rolls Series 90), ii. 379.

^{page 521 note d} Ordericus Vitalis, Historia Ecclesiastica, lib. 10 (ed. A. le Prevost), iv. 89.

^{page 521 note e} Vol. xlii. 309–321.

^{page 522 note a} Vitalis, Ordericus, Historia Ecclesiastica, x. § 19 (ed. A. le Prevost), v. 51.Google Scholar

^{page 522 note b} William of Malmesbury, Historia Novella (Rolls Series 90), ii. 537.Google Scholar

^{page 522 note c} Henrici Archidiaconi Huntendunensis Historia Anglorum (Rolls Series 74), 256, 257.

^{page 523 note a} “In crastino autem obitus illius, cum portaretur ad sepeliendum vestitus regio apparatu, gestans coronam auream in capite, et habens chirothecas [in] manus et annulum aureum in digito, et sceptrum in manu, et calceamenta auro texta, et calcaria in pedibus, cinctus gladio, jacebat habens vultum discoopertum.” Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi (Rolls Series 49), ii. 71Google Scholar.

^{page 523 note b} Chronica Majora (Rolls Series 37), ii. 344Google Scholar.

^{page 524 note a} Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi (Rolls Series 49), i. 301, 303, 304Google Scholar.

^{page 524 note b} Chronica Rogeri de Hoveden (Rolls Series 51), ii. 280Google Scholar.

^{page 524 note c} “Corpus regis, quas habuit in sua consecratione lineis vestibus crismate delibutis diligentius involution, in libitina reponitur, et impositum humeris commilitonum saorum per vicos, per castella, per civitates, concurrentibus undique populis, deportatur, quousque Cenomannis intraret, et in choro-beati Juliani deponeretur.” Ralph de Diceto, Ymagines Historiarium (Rolls Series 68), ii. 20.

^{page 524 note d} Chronica Majora (Rolls Series 57), ii. 319Google Scholar.

^{page 524 note e} The Archdeacon of Wells says lie was buried at Rouen in loculo stanneo. Thomas Agnellus, De morte et sepultura Henrici Regis Junioris (Rolls Series 66), 272.

^{page 525 note a} Archaeologia, xxix. 202–216, and plates xx, xxiGoogle Scholar.

^{page 525 note b} Annales Monastic (Rolls Series 36), ii. 71Google Scholar.

^{page 526 note a} Green, Valentine, An account of the discovery of the body of King John, in the cathedral church of Worcester, July 17th, 1797 (London and Worcester, 1797), 4.Google Scholar

^{page 526 note b} “Dominica proxima sequente, videlicet in festo beatissimi regis et martyris Edmundi, in nobilissima basilica Westmonasterii, quam opere sumptuoso et incomparabili a fundamentis extruxerat, regni magnatibus exeqnias debitas impendentibus, cum ea qua decuit honorificentia tumulatus: sane corpus ipsius pretiosissimis indumentis et diademate regio, prout decuit, adornatum, omni assistentium judicio, cum a nobilioribus regni ad hoc officium præelectis in locello portatili deferretur ad tumulum, ampliori splendore decoris effulgobat mortuum, quam prius dum vixerat appareret; siquidem eventu miro sed notabili contigit, quod in eodem loco quo beatissimus rex et confessor Edwardus sepultus extiterat, et annis plurimis, priusquam ipsius reliquiæ translatæ fuissent in scrmium requievit, corpus regis Henriei, qui eundem Sanctum Edwarduin dum vixit præ cunctis sanctis diligere consuevit et ampliori devotione venerari, zon ignobiliter collocatum, humanæ traditum est sepulturas.” Chronicon Thomae Wykes in Annales Monastici (Rolls Series 36), iv. 252.

^{page 527 note a} See the paper by the late Dean Stanley, “On an Examination of the Tombs of Richard II. and Henry III. in Westminster Abbey,” in Archaeologia, xlv. 317–322.

^{page 528 note b} Patent Roll 4 Edward I. [95], m. 32. The price of the wax should be 44s. a hundred lb.s. and not as erroneously entered by the scribe.

^{page 528 note a} Annales Londonienses (Rolls Series 76), i. 98Google Scholar.

^{page 528 note b} De corde Regis Henrici, liberato Abbatissæ Fontis Ebroldi, ad sepeliendum in Monasterio suo.Rex omnibus ad qnos, etc. salutem. Quia pro certo intelleximus quod Celebris memorie Dominus Henricus quondam Rex Anglie pater noster ipso dndum existente apud Monasterium Fontis Ebroldi cor suum post ejus decessum eidem Monasterio promisit. Et dilecta nobis in Christo Abbatissa Monasterii predicti nuper in Angliam accedens cor illud sib juxta promissionem predictam petiit liberari. Dilectus nobis in Christo Walterus Abbas Westmonasterii cor predictum integrum in presencia venerabilium patrum A. Dunelmensis et R. Bathoniensis et Wellensis Episcoporum et dilectorum et fidelium nostrorum Edmundi fratris nostri et Willelmi de Valentia avunculi nostri et aliorum fidelium nostrorum plurimorum die Lune proximo ante festum beate Lucie virginis anno Regni nostri viccsimo in ecclesia Westmonasterii prediete Abbatisse de voluntate et precepto nostro liberavit ad predictum Monasterium Fontis Ebroldi deferendum et sepeliendum in eodem. In cujus etc. Teste Rege apud London tertio die Decembris. Patent Roll 20 Edward I. m. 28. [Rymer, Fœdera (ed. 1727), ii. 533.]

^{page 528 note c} Rolls Series 47, ii. 380, 382.

^{page 529 note a} Ed. Hearne, ii. 341.

^{page 529 note b} Rolls Series 47, ii. 382.

^{page 529 note c} Archaeologia, iii. 376–413Google Scholar.

^{page 529 note d} Ibid. 381.

^{page 530 note a} Ibid. 413. This plain and straightforward account is thus paraphrased by a recent and still-living writer: “After having satisfied themselves as to the state of the body, the cerements, and the stature, the learned representatives of the Society of Antiquaries of that day, under a puerile pretence of preserving the royal remains from future desecration, barbarously embedded body. vestures, crown, and sceptre in pitch…‥ After this the coffin and tomb were again closed. This time the top slab being cemented on to the sides. The Dean remained throughout the whole investigation and reclosing, to see that no disrespectful act, nor any damage should occur to the body of Edward, which he embedded In pitch.” Wall, J. C., The Tombs of the Kings of England (London, 1891), 265, 266.Google Scholar

^{page 530 note b} Archaeologia, 1. 215–226.

^{page 530 note c} P. R. O. Accounts, etc. (Exchequer, K.R.), 383 3.

^{page 531 note a} P. R. 0. Wardrobe Accounts, Enrolments of Exchequer, L.T.R. Roll 3, m. 7.

^{page 531 note b} P. R. 0. “Compotns Ricardi de Beverlei,” Accounts, etc. (Exchequer K.R.), Bundle 398/9.

^{page 533 note a} Issue Roll (Pells), Mich 19 Richard II.

^{page 533 note b} Ricardus, quondam Rex Angliae, cum audisset haee infortunia, mente consternatus semetipsum extinxit inedia voluntaria, ut fertur, clausitque diem extrenium apud castrum de Ponte Fracto, die Saneti Valentini. Cujus corpus per loca celeberrima quæ interjacent a dicto castello usque Londonias. ubi contigit pernoctare, monstratum est post Officium Mortuorum, et in crastino post Missam peractaru. Cumque in ecclesia Saneti Pauli Londoniis celebratte fuissent exequise, Rege prsesente et Londiniarum civibus, confestim corpus reportari jubetur ad Langley, turoulandum in ecclesia Fratrum Prædicatorum; perfeceruntque ibidem supremum officium Episcopus Cestrensis, Abbas Sancti Albani, et Abbas de Waltham, sine magnatum præsentia, sine populari turba; nee erat qui eos invitaret ad prandium post laborem.—Thomæ Walsingham Historia Anglicana (Roll Series 28 i.), ii. 245, 246.

^{page 533 note c} Cujus corpus per loca celeberrima, quæ interjacent, a Pontefracto usque London deportatum fuit et ostensum. ea pars saltem corporis, per quod cognosei poterat, facies scilicet ab ima parte frontis usque ad guttur. deinde delatum London ad ecclesiam Panli, S.. etc.—Thomœ Otterbourne Chronica Regum Angliæ, ed. Hearne, (Oxford, 1732), i. 229.Google Scholar

^{page 534 note a} John Harding's Chronicle says:In March nexte after, kyng Richarde then was dede Fro Poumfrete brought with great solempnitee Men sayd forhungered he was & lapped in lede At Poules his masse was done and dirigo In hers royal, semely to royalte The kyng & lordes, clothes of golde there offerde Some. viii. some. IX. upon his hers were proferde. At Westmynster then did they so the same When trust he should there have buryed bene In at that mynster lyke a prince of name In his owne tombe, together with the quene Anne, that afore his fyrst wyfe had bene But then the kyng, him fast to Langley sent There in the Froers to be buryed secretement. (ed. Grafton, London, 1543), f. C.xcix.

^{page 534 note b} “Priori et Conventui ecolesie Christi Cantuar In denariis sibi liberatis in persolucionem x. li. quas dominus Rex sibi liberare mandavit Habend. de dono suo pro diversis vexillis ab eis mutatis superpondendis circa herceam ordinatam et positam infra ecclesiam beati Petri Westmonasterii pro exequiis domini Ricardi nuper Regis Anglie de ordinacione domini Regis jam retro tumulati ibidem per breve, etc.……. x. li.” Issue Roll, Michaelmas, 1 Henry V. (No. 246).

^{page 535 note a} Vol. iv. 111–113.

^{page 535 note b} Archaeologia, xxvi. 440–445Google Scholar.

^{page 536 note a} Cujus Regis mortui apparatus si scire libeat, talis erat. Superposita namque fuerat eistæ in qua corpus ejus habebatur, quædam imago staturæ et faciei Regis mortui simillima, chlamyde purpnrea satis longa et larga, cum furrura de ermyn induta, sceptrum in una manu, et pila rotunda aurea, cum cruee infixa, in altera; corona aurea in capite, super capellum regium, et sandaliis regiis in pedibus, irupositis. Et taliter elevatur in curru, ut a singulis videi potuisset, ut per hoc mœror et dolor accresceret, et ejus a mici et subditi pro ejus anima Dominum tenerius exorarent.—Thomas Walsingham Hisinria Anglicana (Rolls Series, 28 i.), ii. 345, 346.

^{page 536 note b} Chroniques d'Enguerran de Monstrelet (Paris, 1596), i. 325b.Google Scholar

^{page 536 note c} Ed. Halliwell, Camden Society 10 (London, 1839) 21.

^{page 537 note a} The Unison of the two noble and illustre famelies of Lancastre and Yorke (London, 1548). The prosperous reigne of Kyng Edward the Fourth, fo. xxxiiij.

^{page 537 note b} “Hugoni Brice la denariis sibi liberatis per manum propriam pro tot denariis per ipsuni solutis tam pro Cera tela linea speciebus et alijs ordinarijs expensis per ipsum appositis et expenditis circa sepnlturam dicti Henrici de Windesore qui infra Turrim London diem suum clausit extremum. Ac pro vadijs et regardis diversorum hominum portanciura Tortos a Turri predicto usque eeclesiam Cathedralem Sancti Pauli London, et abindc usque Chertesey cum corpore presente per breve predictum ‥‥ xv.li. iij.s. vj.d.ob. Magistro Ricardo Martyn In denariis sibi liberatis ad vices videlicet una vice per manum propriam ix.li. xs. xjd. pro tot denariis per ipsum solutis pro xxviij ulnis tele linee de Holandia et expensis factis tam infra Turrim predictum ad ultimum vale dicti Henrici quam apud Chertesey in die sepulture ejusdem. Ac pro regardis datis diversis soldariis Cales vigilantibus circa corpus et pro conductu Bargearum cum Magistris et Nautis remigantibus per quam Thaniic usque Chertesey predictam et alia vice viij^li xi^s iiij^d pro tot denariis per ipsum solutis iiijor ordinibus fratrum infra Civitatem London, et fratribus sancte Crucis in eadem et in alijs operibus Caritatis videlicet Fratribus Carmet xxs. Fratribus Augustifi xxs. Fratribus Minoribus xxs. Fratribus Predicatoribus pro obsequiis et missis celebrandis xls. et dictis Fratribus Sancte Crucis xs. Ac pro obsequijs et missis dicendis apud Chirtesey predictam in die sepulture dicti Henrici lij^s iij^d per breve predictum‥‥. xviij^li iij^s iij^d.” Issue Roll (Pells), Easter, 11 Edward IV. No. 505.

^{page 538 note a} Heralds' College MS. I. 11, f. 85.

^{page 539 note a} Sandford, Francis, A Genealogical History of the Kings and Queens of England and Monarchs of Great Britain, &c. ed. Stebbing, Samuel (London, 1707), 434.Google Scholar

^{page 539 note b} Bentley's, Excerpta Historica, 105.Google Scholar

^{page 539 note c} MS. I. 11, f. 82 b.

^{page 539 note d} Sic for “done.”

^{page 540 note a} P. R. O. Lord Chamberlain's Records, Series 1. Vol. 330.

^{page 540 note b} MS. I. 14.

^{page 541 note a} The accounts of the expenses of the king's funeral are in the Public Record Office (Lord Chamberlain's Records, Series I. Vol. 551), but do not contain any mention of the “king's picture” or representation.

^{page 542 note a} P. R. O. Lord Chamberlain's Records, Series I. Vol. 552.

^{page 543 note a} “Et quia dominus rex filius ejus tune temporis in remotis agebat, insepulta perrnansit usque Nativitatem beatæ Virginis proximo sequentem, myrrha tamen et aromatiois pretiosis linita magnitice, ut decuit, et peruncta.” Annales de Waverleia (Rolls Series 36. ii.), 409.

^{page 543 note b} Rolls Series 76, i. 99.

^{page 544 note a} P. R. O. Accounts (Exchequer K.R.) 393/4.

^{page 545 note a} MS. I. 11.

^{page 546 note a} Vol. xvi. 22; also in The Archæological Journal, xi. 353–366.

^{page 547 note a} Letters and Papers Henry VIII. vol. 101, f. 27b.

^{page 547 note b} Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, x. (1536), 105.Google Scholar

^{page 547 note c} I. 14, f. 123 b.

^{page 547 note d} I. 15, ff. 98–99.

^{page 548 note a} P. R. O. Declared Accounts, Pipe Office, Great Wardrobe, 3145.

^{page 550 note a} “Her image preserved in the abbey, among those curious but mangled figures of some of our princes, which were carried at their interments, and now called the ragged regiment, has much the same countenance,” –Walpole, Horace. Anecdotes of Painting in England (London, 1762), i. 51.Google Scholar

^{page 550 note b} P. R. O. Lord Chamberlain's Records, Series I. Vol. 550.

^{page 551 note a} Heralds' College MS. I. 11, f. 31b.

^{page 552 note a} P. R. O. Lord Chamberlain's Records, Series I. Vol. 553.

^{page 553 note a} P. R. O. Declared Accounts, Pipe Office, Great Wardrobe, 3142.

^{page 553 note b} P. R. O. Lord Chamberlain's Records, Series I. Vol. 554.

^{page 555 note a} P. R. O. Lord Chamberlain's Records, Series I. Vol. 555.

^{page 555 note b} P. R. O. Declared Accounts, Pipe Office, Great Wardrobe, 3145.

^{page 556 note a} P. R. O. Lord Chamberlain's Records, Series I. Vol. 556.

^{page 556 note b} P. R. O. Declared Accounts, Pipe Office, Great Wardrobe, 3145.

^{page 556 note c} Sic for “performing.”

^{page 557 note a} P. R. O. Lord Chamberlain's Records, Series I. Vol. 557.

^{page 558 note a} P. R. O. Declared Accounts, Pipe Office, Great Wardrobe, 3145.

^{page 559 note a} We are indebted to Lord Dillon for this suggestion.

^{page 559 note b} Francis Sandford, The Order and Ceremonies Used for, and at the Solemn Interment of The most High, Mighty and most Noble Prince GEORGE DUKE OF ALBEMARLE, etc. 1670.

^{page 559 note c} The armour below the knees, according to Lord Dillon, is of a date before 1566–88, and therefore at least eighty years older than the rest on the figure.

^{page 559 note d} P. R. O. Lord Chamberlain's Records, Series I. Vol. 576, Keepe, in his Monumenta Westmonasteriensia, says of this figure: “The Statue of the Duke of , in coinpleat Armour, with his Parliament Robes as a Mantle covering them, with the Collar of the Order of St. George round his neck, a Battoon in his hand, and a Coronet on his head, is likewise placed in a Press of Wainscot further to remember him” (p. 95).

^{page 566 note a} Probably an error for “Edward the Third.”

^{page 566 note b} The date is given by an entry in St. Margaret's Churchwardens' Accounts for that year: ‘ 1606. Item, paid the ringing when the King of Denmark came to the Abbey the 4th of August, ii^s vi^d.” Smith, J. E., A Catalogue of Westminster Records (London, 1900), 31.Google Scholar

^{page 567 note a} Order Book (Pells), 1607–8, f. 40.

^{page 568 note a} Register E, f. 33. A similar patent was granted of a vergership on the same day to “Cutbert Hindeson.”

^{page 568 note b} State Papers Domestic, 9th April, 1616.

^{page 568 note c} Charles II.'s effigy stood over his grave in 1723 (Dart, i. 151); General Monk's was at the west end of Queen Elizabeth's tomb (Keepe, 95; Dart, ut supra).

^{page 569 note a} Keepe, 102; Dart, i. 161.

^{page 569 note b} See the guide books, Historical Description of Westminster Abbey, Newbeiy, 1754, p. 96; Newman, 1836, p. 44.

^{page 569 note c} Neale and Brayley, ii. 29.