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Characterization of the pyrethroid resistance mechanisms in a Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) strain from Buenos Aires (Argentina)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 July 2021

Emiliano Boné Open the ORCID record for Emiliano Boné [Opens in a new window] ,
Gonzalo Roca Acevedo ,
Marcos Sterkel ,
Sheila Ons ,
Paola González-Audino  and
Valeria Sfara
Emiliano Boné*
Affiliation:
Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (IIIA), CONICET-UNSAM, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
Gonzalo Roca Acevedo
Affiliation:
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CIPEIN-UNIDEF-CITEDEF-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
Marcos Sterkel
Affiliation:
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina Laboratorio de Neurobiología de Insectos, Centro Regional de Estudios Genómicos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Sheila Ons
Affiliation:
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina Laboratorio de Neurobiología de Insectos, Centro Regional de Estudios Genómicos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Paola González-Audino
Affiliation:
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CIPEIN-UNIDEF-CITEDEF-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
Valeria Sfara
Affiliation:
Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (IIIA), CONICET-UNSAM, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
*
Author for correspondence: Emiliano Boné, Email: ebone@unsam.edu.ar
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Abstract

The use of chemical insecticides is the main control method for Blattella germanica worldwide. The prolonged and frequent use of insecticides produced the selection of insecticide-resistant individuals. The German cockroach is one of the most widespread urban pests in Argentina. In the last decades, resistance monitoring studies in this country demonstrated that there is a high prevalence of pyrethroid-resistant populations of B. germanica in the field. In this work, we studied the resistance mechanisms of a field-collected strain of B. germanica at toxicological, enzymatic, and molecular levels. A resistance ratio of 100 was obtained for the resistant strain when it was exposed to β-cypermethrin. The pretreatment with specific synergists (piperonyl butoxide and triphenyl phosphate) led to a significant increase in the toxicity of the pyrethroid, suggesting an involvement of oxidases and esterases in the detoxification of this insecticide. Moreover, esterase and oxidase activities in the resistant strain were 1.5-fold and 2-fold higher respectively, compared to the susceptible individuals. On the other hand, the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of the resistant cockroaches did not show nucleotidic substitutions in the domain II which are associated to knockdown resistance in this species. These results suggest that the main mechanism of resistance of the studied cockroaches' strain is metabolic, mainly due to an increase in the activity of oxidase and esterase enzymes. The results of this work in addition to other reports found in literature show that the extended use of a single active principle for cockroach control promotes the development of resistance leading to control failure in the field. In contrast, integrated pest management strategies include the use of different control tools in addition to chemical insecticides, which delay the appearance of resistance increasing the efficacy of pest control.

Keywords

Enzymatic activityGerman cockroachknockdown resistancepyrethroids
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 112 , Issue 1 , February 2022 , pp. 21 - 28
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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