1 Saheli Roy Choudhury, “India Reports More Than 343,000 New Cases as One Professor Claims Infection May Have Peaked,” CCNBC, May 14, 2021.

2 Arundhati Roy, “We Are Witnessing a Crime Against Humanity,” Guardian, April 28, 2021 (https://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/apr/28/crime-against-humanity-arundhati-roy-india-covid-catastrophe).

3 Paul Farmer, “The Crisis in Medical Oxygen Deserves an Airing,” Financial Times, February 3, 2021 (https://www.ft.com/content/b1c91c0c-98eb-4b16-9277-c978e3cd39ec).

4 See Diksha Basu, “Mourning My Grandmother—and India—from Across the Ocean,” Vox, May 17, 2021 (https://www.vox.com/first-person/22436498/india-covid-19-pandemic-crisis).

5 Priyangi Agarwal and Vibha Sharma, “Delhi: Forest Department Allows Felling of 200 Dead Trees for Wood,” Times of India, April 25, 2021 (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/forest-dept-allows-felling-of-200-dead-trees-for-wood/articleshow/82235990.cms#:~:text=NEW%20DELHI%3A%20With%20the%20spike,utilising%20the%20wood%20for%20cremati).

6 Akshita Jain, “India Installs Net Across Ganges River to Deal with Bodies of Covid Dead,” Independent, May 13, 2021 (https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/india-covid-ganges-net-bodies-b1846776.html).

7 Gayatri Spivak, “Terror: A Speech After 9/11,” boundary 2 31.2 (Summer 2004): 91.

8 For a beautiful account of the pathologization of nonwhite ecstatic collectivity, see the introduction and chapter 3 in Reckson, Lindsay, Realist Ecstasy: Religion, Race, and Performance in American Literature (New York: New York University Press, 2020)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

9 Thank you to Heather Cleary for reminding me of the rollercoaster mandate. See Jesse O’Neill, “No Screaming on Roller Coasters under California’s Covid-19 Plan,” New York Post, March 17, 2021 (https://nypost.com/2021/03/17/no-screaming-on-roller-coasters-under-californias-covid-19-plan/); Justin McCurry, “Karaoke Warning in Tokyo Amid Calls for Covid-19 State of Emergency in Japan,” May 31, 2020 (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/31/karaoke-shutdown-in-tokyo-amid-calls-for-covid-19-state-of-emergency-in-japan); and Jessica Lipsky, “How the Illegal Rave Scene Thrives During the Pandemic,” New York Times, March 19, 2021 (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/19/nyregion/illegal-dance-parties-covid-nyc.html).

10 Farmer, Paul, Fevers, Feuds, and Diamonds: Ebola and the Ravages of History (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2020), xix.Google Scholar

11 Farmer, Fevers, Feuds, and Diamonds, 520–22.

12 Malleson, G. B., Report on the Cholera Epidemic of 1867 in Northern India (Calcutta: Office of Superintendant of Government Printing, 1868), 6.Google Scholar

13 See, for example, Ewald, Paul, Evolution of Infectious Disease (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994), 35–41.Google Scholar

14 MacLean, Kama, “Making the Colonial State Work for You: The Modern Beginnings of the Ancient Kumbh Mela in Allahabad,” Journal of Asian Studies 62.3 (August 2003): 875.CrossRefGoogle Scholar