Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-r6qrq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T04:51:41.848Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

DISTRIBUTION AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF SITODIPLOSIS MOSELLANA (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) IN SPRING WHEAT1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

R.J. Lamb
Affiliation:
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
I.L. Wise
Affiliation:
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
O.O. Olfert
Affiliation:
Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Crescent, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N OX2
J. Gavloski
Affiliation:
Soils and Crops Branch, Manitoba Agriculture, P.O. Box 1149, Carman, Manitoba, Canada ROG OJO
P.S. Barker
Affiliation:
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9

Abstract

The wheat midge Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) occurred in all wheat-growing areas of Manitoba during 1993–1997, with 95% of spring wheat fields having some seeds infested by larvae. The level of infestation varied, but each year in excess of 20% of seeds were infested in some fields. Infestation levels in adjacent fields were more similar than in fields separated by a few kilometres. Within fields, the infestation was similar at the edge and near the centre. Wheat midge larvae also overwintered in, and adults emerged from, fields in all wheat-growing areas of Manitoba. Adults emerged from the end of June to the end of July most years, and the peak period for adult flight was mid-July, about 1 month later than in parts of Europe where winter wheat predominates. The timing of the emergence was similar from place to place and year to year. Females constituted 95% of insects caught in a flight trap. The first 10% and 50% of the flight occurred on 9 and 16 July, respectively, and the timing of the flight was not related to growing degree-days. In early August, mature larvae began dropping from wheat heads. The timing of infestation of spring wheat was variable among years because of differences in timing between midge flights and the susceptible heading stage of the crop. Nevertheless, the wheat midge flight usually coincided with the susceptible stage of the spring wheat crop.

Résumé

La Cécidomyie du blé, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin), a été repérée dans toutes les régions productrices de blé au Manitoba de 1993 à 1997 et 95% des champs de blé de printemps comptaient des graines infestées par des larves de l’insecte. Le degré d’infestation était variable, mais chaque année plus de 20% des graines étaient infestées dans certains champs. Les degrés d’infestation dans les champs adjacents étaient plus semblables que ceux enregistrés dans les champs distants de quelques kilomètres. À l’intérieur d’un champ, le degré d’infestation était du même ordrer au centre et en bordure. Les larves du parasite ont passé l’hiver dans toutes les régions productrices de blé du Manitoba et ont donné lieu à l’émergence d’adultes de la fin de juin à la fin de juillet; la période la plus intense de vol des adultes avait lieu à la mi-juillet, environ 1 mois plus tard que dans les régions européennes où prédomine la production de blé d’hiver. L’émergence s’est produite au même moment partout et ne variait pas d’année en année. Quatre-vingt-quinze pour-cent des insectes capturés dans un piège d’insectes au vol étaient des femelles. Le 9 juillet, 10% des insectes et le 16 juillet, 50% des insectes étaient en vol et ces dates n’étaient pas reliées au nombre de degrés-jours de croissance. Au début du mois d’août, les larves à maturité ont commencé à se détacher des épis. L’époque des infestations du blé de printemps variait d’une année à l’autre à cause de l’asynchronisme du vol des insectes et du stade de sensibilité des épis dans les cultures. Néanmoins, la période de vol de la Cécidomyie du blé correspondait généralement à la période de sensibilité du blé de printemps aux infestations.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, W.R. 1955. The wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Gehin). Annual Conference of Manitoba Agronomists 1955: 2829Google Scholar
Ayre, G.L., Lamb, R.J. 1990. Life histories, flight patterns and relative abundance of nine cutworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Manitoba. The Canadian Entomologist 122: 1059–70CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barker, P.S. 1984. Distribution of wheat midge damage on wheat in Manitoba in 1984. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Manitoba 40: 2529Google Scholar
Barker, P.S. 1986. Statistical distribution of damage on wheat heads caused by the wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin), in Manitoba. The Canadian Entomologist 118: 1075–77CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barker, P.S., McKenzie, R.I.H. 1996. Possible sources of resistance to the wheat midge in wheat. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76: 689–95CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barker, P.S., McKenzie, R.I.H., Czarnecki, E. 1995. Incidence of damage to spring wheat by the orange blossom wheat midge in Manitoba during 1993. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Manitoba 51: 1220Google Scholar
Barnes, H.F. 1952. Studies of fluctuations in insect populations. XIII. An improved method of ascertaining the correct date to sample when assessing larval infestations of the wheat-blossom midges. Annals of Applied Biology 39: 374–78CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, H.F. 1956. Gall Midges of Economic Importance. Vol. VII: Gall Midges of Cereal Crops. London: Crosby Lockwood & SonGoogle Scholar
Basedow, T. 1977 a. Studies on the migration of the wheat blossom midges Contarinia tritici (Kirby) and Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Dipt., Cecidomyiidae) in relation to wind direction and to wheat fields. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 83: 173–83CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Basedow, T. 1977 b. The effects of temperature and precipitation on diapause and phenology of the wheat blossom midges Contarinia tritici (Kirby) and Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Dipt., Cecidomyiidae) Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere 104: 302–26Google Scholar
Doane, J.F., Olfert, O.O., Mukerji, M.K. 1987. Extraction precision of sieving and brine flotation for removal of wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), cocoons and larvae from soil. Journal of Economic Entomology 80: 268–71Google Scholar
Elliott, R.H. 1988 a. Evaluation of insecticides for protection of wheat against damage by the wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). The Canadian Entomologist 120: 615–26CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elliott, R.H. 1988 b. Factors influencing the efficacy and economic returns of aerial sprays against the wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). The Canadian Entomologist 120: 941–54CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elliott, R.H., Mann, L.W. 1996. Susceptibility of red spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L. cv. Katepwa, during heading and anthesis to damage by wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). The Canadian Entomologist 128: 367–75CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fletcher, J. 1902. Report of the entomologist and botanist. pp. 212in Experimental Farms Reports for 1901, No. 16. Government of Canada, OttawaGoogle Scholar
Mukerji, M.K., Olfert, O.O., Doane, J.F. 1988. Development of sampling designs for egg and larval populations of the wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), in wheat. The Canadian Entomologist 120: 497505CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oakley, J.N., Cumbleton, P.C., Corbett, S.J., Saunders, P., Green, D.I., Young, J.E.B., Rodgers, R. 1998. Prediction of orange wheat blossom midge activity and risk of damage. Crop Protection 17: 145–49CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olfert, O.O., Mukerji, M.K., Doane, J.F. 1985. Relationship between infestation levels and yield loss caused by wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), in spring wheat in Saskatchewan. The Canadian Entomologist 117: 593–98CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pivnick, K.A., Labbé, E. 1992. Emergence and calling rhythms, and mating behaviour of the orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). The Canadian Entomologist 124: 501–07Google Scholar
Pivnick, K.A., 1993. Daily patterns of activity of females of the orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). The Canadian Entomologist 125: 725–36CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, A.T., Doane, J. 1987. Wheat midge infestation of spring cereals in northeastern Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 67: 117–20Google Scholar