Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-4hhp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-16T18:27:43.849Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Canadian Participation in Insect Pathology1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

T. A. Angus
T. A. Angus
Affiliation:
Insect Pathology Research Institute, P.O. Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The Canadian program in insect pathology is reviewed in general terms. The pathogens that have been studied include viruses, fungi, bacteria, protozoans and nematodes. Many aspects of the various host-parasite relationships have been investigated under field and laboratory conditions.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 96 , Issue 1-2 , February 1964 , pp. 231 - 241
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1964

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aizawa, K. 1963. The nature of infections caused by nuclear polyhedroses viruses, p. 382–412. In Steinhaus, E. A., Insect pathology, Vol. 1. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Angus, T. A. 1954. A bacterial toxin paralyzing silkworm larvae. Nature, Lond. 173: 545.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Angus, T. A. 1956a. General characteristics of certain insect pathogens related to Bacillus cereus. Canad. J. Microbiol. 2: 111–121.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Angus, T. A. 1956b. Association of toxicity with protein-crystalline inclusions of Bacillus sotto Ishiwata. Canad. J. Microbiol. 2: 122–131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Angus, T. A. 1956c. Extraction, purification, and properties of Bacillus sotto toxin. Canad. J. Microbiol. 2: 416–426.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Angus, T. A. 1963. The biochemistry and mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and its varieties. Entomophaga 8: (in press).Google Scholar
Angus, T. A., and Heimpel, A. M.. 1959. Inhibition of feeding, and blood pH changes, in lepidopterous larvae infected with crystal-forming bacteria. Canad. Ent. 91: 352–358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balch, R. E., and Bird, F. T.. 1944. A disease of the European spruce sawfly, Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.) and its place in natural control. Sci. Agric. 25: 65–80.Google Scholar
Bergold, G. H. 1950. The multiplication of insect viruses as organisms. Canad. J. Res. (E) 28: 5–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergold, G. H. 1952. Demonstration of the polyhedral virus in blood cells of silkworms. Biochim. biophys. Acta. 8: 397–400.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bergold, G. H. 1953. Insect viruses, pp. 91–139. In Smith, K. E. and Lauffer, M. A., Advances in virus research, Vol. 1. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Bergold, G. H. 1957. The polyhedral virus of Prodenia litura (Fabr.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuicidae). Nature, Lond. 180: 1046–1047.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bergold, G. H. 1959. Biochemistry of insect virus, pp. 505–523. In Burnet, F. M. and Stanley, W. M., The viruses, Vol. 1. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Bergold, G. H. 1963. The nature of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses, pp. 413–456. In Steinhaus, E. A., Insect pathology, Vol. 1. Academic Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergold, G. H., and Wellington, E. F.. 1954. Isolation and chemical composition of the membranes of an insect virus and their relation to the virus and polyhedral bodies. J. Bact. 67: 210–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bird, F. T. 1949. Tumors associated with a virus infection in an insect. Nature, Lond. 163: 777–780.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bird, F. T. 1953. The use of a virus disease in the biological control of the European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffr.). Canad. Ent. 85: 437–446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bird, F. T. 1955. Virus diseases of sawflies. Canad. Ent. 87: 124–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bird, F. T. 1957. On the development of insect viruses. Virology 3: 237–242.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bird, F. T. 1958. Histopathology of granulosis viruses in insects. Canad. J. Microbiol. 4: 267–272.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bird, F. T. 1959. Polyhedrosis and granulosis viruses causing single and double infections in the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens. J. Ins. Pathol. 1: 406–430.Google Scholar
Bird, F. T. 1961. Transmission of some insect viruses with particular reference to ovarial transmission of its importance in the development of epizootics. J. Ins. Pathol. 3: 352–380.Google Scholar
Bird, F. T., and Burk, J. M.. 1961. Artificially disseminated virus as a factor controlling the European spruce sawfly, Diprion hercyniae (Htg.). Canad. Ent. 93: 228–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bird, F. T., and Elgee, D. E.. 1957. A virus disease and introduced parasites as factors controlling the European spruce sawfly. Diprion hercyniae (Htg.), in central New Brunswick. Canad. Ent. 89: 371–378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bird, F. T., and Whalen, M. M.. 1954a. Stages in the development of two insect viruses. Canad. J. Microbiol. 1: 170–174.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bird, F. T., and Whalen, M. M.. 1954b. A nuclear and a cytoplasmic polyhedral virus disease of the spruce budworm. Canad. J. Zool. 32: 82–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bucher, G. E. 1957. Disease of the larvae of tent caterpillars caused by a sporeforming bacterium. Canad. J. Microbiol. 3: 695–709.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bucher, G. E. 1959a. The bacterium Coccobacillus acridiorum d'Herelle: its taxonomic position and status as a pathogen of locusts and grasshoppers. J. Ins. Pathol. 1: 331–346.Google Scholar
Bucher, G. E. 1959b. Bacteria of grasshoppers of western Canada: III. Frequency of occurrence, pathogenicity. J. Ins. Pathol. 1: 391–405.Google Scholar
Bucher, G. E. 1960. Potential bacterial pathogens of insects and their characteristics. J. Ins. Pathol. 2: 172–195.Google Scholar
Bucher, G. E. 1961. Artificial culture of Clostridium brevifaciens n. sp. and C. malacosomae n. sp., the causes of brachytosis of tent caterpillars. Canad. J. Microbiol. 7: 641–655.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bucher, G. E., and Arthur, A. P.. 1961. Disease in a field population of the introduced Essex Skipper, Thymelicus lineola (Ochs.) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Canad. Ent. 93, 1048–1049.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bucher, G. E., and Stephens, J. M.. 1957. A disease of grasshoppers caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter) Migula. Canad. J. Microbiol. 3: 611–625.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bucher, G. E., and Stephens, J. M.. 1959a. Bacteria of grasshoppers of western Canada. I. The Enterobacteriaceae. J. Ins. Pathol. 1: 356–373.Google Scholar
Bucher, G. E., and Stephens, J. M.. 1959b. Bacteria of grasshoppers of western Canada: II. The Pseudomonadaceae, Achromobacteraceae, Micrococcaceae, Brevibacteriaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and less important families. J. Ins. Pathol. 1: 374–390.Google Scholar
DuPorte, E. M., and Vanderleck, J.. 1917. Studies on Coccobacillus acridiorum d'Herelle and on certain intestinal organisms of locusts. Ann. ent. Soc. Amer. 10: 47–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dustan, A. G. 1923. The control of the European apple sucker by means of a parasitic fungus. 59th Annu. Rep. Fruit Growers Ass. Nova Scotia: 100–104.Google Scholar
Dustan, A. G. 1924. The natural control of the green apple bug (Lygus communis var. novascotiensis Knight) by a new species of Empusa. Annu. Rep. Quebec Soc. Protect. Plants 1922–1923: 3–8.Google Scholar
Fast, P. G., and Angus, T. A.. 1964. Effect of crystalloid parasporal inclusions of Bacillus thuringiensis on the permeability of the gut wall of Bombyx mori larvae. In preparation.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faulkner, P. 1956a. The malic enzyme in insect blood. Biochem. J. 64: 430–436.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Faulkner, P. 1956b. The occurrence of a malic enzyme free of oxalacetic decarboxylase in silkworm haemolymph. Nature, Lond. 178: 921.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Faulkner, P. 1956c. Enzymatic reduction of sugar phosphates in insect blood. Biochem. J. 64: 436–441.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faulkner, P. 1958. Polyol dehydrogenase of the silkworm. Biochem. J. 68: 374–380.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Faulkner, P. 1962. Isolation and analysis of ribonucleic acid from inclusion bodies of the nuclear polyhedrosis of the silkworms. Virology 16: 479–484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faulkner, P., and Bergold, G. H.. 1957. Deoxyribonuclease content of an insect virus. Virology 3: 603–605.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Faulkner, P., and Bheemeswar, B.. 1960. Biosynthesis of protein in the silkworm. Biochem. J. 76: 71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fitz-James, P. C., Toumanoff, C., and Young, I. E.. 1958. Localization of a toxicity for silkworm larvae in the parasporal inclusion of Bacillus cereus var. alesti. Canad. J. Microbiol. 4: 385–392.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grace, T. D. C. 1958. Induction of polyhedral bodies in ovarian tissues of the tussock moth in vitro. Science 128: 249–250.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grace, T. D. C. 1962a. Establishment of four strains of cells from insect tissues grown in vitro. Nature, Lond. 195: 788–789.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grace, T. D. C. 1962b. The development of a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis in insect cells grown in vitro. Virology 18: 33–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grobler, J. H., MacLeod, D. M. and DeLyzer, A. J.. 1962. The fungus Empusa aphidis Hoffman parasitic on the woolly pine needle aphid, Schizolachnus piniradiatae (Davidson). Canad. Ent. 94: 46–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hannay, C. L. 1953. Crystalline inclusions in aerobic sporeforming bacteria. Nature, Lond. 172: 1004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hannay, C. L. 1956. Inclusions in bacteria. Symp. Soc. gen. Microbiol. 6: 318–340.Google Scholar
Hannay, C. L., and Fitz-James, P.. 1955. The protein crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner. Canad. J. Microbiol. 1: 694–710.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heimpel, A. M. 1954. A strain of Bacillus cereus Fr. and Fr. pathogenic for the larch sawfly Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.). Canad. Ent. 86: 73–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heimpel, A. M. 1955a. The pH in the gut and blood of the larch sawfly Pristiphora erichsonii Htg.) and other insects with reference to the pathogenicity of Bacillus cereus Frankland and Frankland. Canad. J. Zool. 33: 99–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heimpel, A. M. 1955b. Investigations of the mode of action of strains of Bacillus cereus Fr. and Fr. pathogenic for the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.). Canad. J. Zool. 33: 311–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heimpel, A. M. 1961. Pathogenicity of Bacillus cereus Frankland and Frankland and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner varieties for several species of sawfly larvae. J. Ins. Pathol. 3: 271–273.Google Scholar
Heimpel, A. M., and Angus, T. A.. 1958a. The taxonomy of insect pathogens related to Bacillus cereus Frankland and Frankland. Canad. J. Microbiol. 4: 531–541.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heimpel, A. M., and Angus, T. A.. 1958b. Recent advances in the knowledge of some bacterial pathogens of insects. Proc. 10th int. Congr. Ent., Montreal (1956) 4: 711–722.Google Scholar
Heimpel, A. M., and Angus, T. A.. 1959. The site of action of crystalliferous bacteria in Lepidoptera larvae. J. Ins. Pathol. 1: 152–170.Google Scholar
Heimpel, A. M., and Angus, T. A.. 1960a. Bacterial insecticides. Bacteriol. Rev. 24: 266–288.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heimpel, A. M., and Angus, T. A.. 1960b. On the taxonomy of certain entomogenous crystalliferous bacteria. J. Ins. Pathol. 2: 311–319.Google Scholar
Heimpel, A. M., and Angus, T. A.. 1963. Diseases caused by certain sporeforming bacteria, pp. 21–73. In Steinhaus, E. A., Insect pathology, Vol. 2. Academic Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huger, A. 1963. Granuloses of insects, pp. 531–576. In Steinhaus, E. A., Insect pathology, Vol. 1. Academic Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaques, R. P. 1961. Control of some lepidopterous pests of apple with commercial preparations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner. J. Ins. Pathol. 3: 167–182.Google Scholar
Jaques, R. P., and Fox, C. J. S.. 1960. The influence of stickers on the effectiveness of sprays of Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis Berliner and Bacillus entomocidus var. entomocidus Heimpel and Angus. J. Ins. Pathol. 2: 17–23.Google Scholar
Katznelson, H. 1958. Observations on the causal agents of American and European foul-brood and their control with antibiotics. Proc. 10th int. Congr. Ent., Montreal (1956) 4: 1105–1108.Google Scholar
Krywienczyk, J. 1962. Immunoelectrophoretic studies of inclusion-body proteins. J. Ins. Pathol. 4: 185–191.Google Scholar
Krywienczyk, J. 1963. Demonstration of nuclear polyhedrosis in Bombyx mori (Linnaeus) by fluorescent antibody technique. J. Ins. Pathol. 5: 309–317.Google Scholar
Krywienczyk, J., and Angus, T. A.. 1960. A serological comparison of the parasporal bodies of three insect pathogens. J. Ins. Pathol. 2: 411–417.Google Scholar
Krywienczyk, J., and Bergold, G. H.. 1960a. Antigenicity of insect virus membranes. Virology 10: 549–551.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krywienczyk, J., and Bergold, G. H.. 1960b. Serological relationships of viruses from some lepidopterous and hymenopterous insects. Virology 10: 308–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krywienczyk, J., and Bergold, G. H.. 1961. Serological studies of inclusion body proteins by agar diffusion technique. J. Ins. Pathol. 3: 15–28.Google Scholar
Kushner, D. J., and Heimpel, A. M.. 1957. Lecithinase production by strains of Bacillus cereus Fr. and Fr. pathogenic for the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.). Canad. J. Microbiol. 3: 547–551.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Landerkin, G. B., and H. Katznelson. 1959. Organisms associated with septicemia in the honeybee, Apis mellifera. Canad. J. Microbiol. 5: 169–172.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Loughheed, T. C. 1960. The effect of nutrition on synnemata formation in Hirsutella gigantea Petch. Canad. J. Bot. 39: 865–873.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loughheed, T. C. 1963a. Studies on the morphology of synnemata of Hirsutella gigantea Petch. Canad. J. Bot. 41: 947–952.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loughheed, T. C. 1963b. Morphological changes in Hirsutella gigantea Petch by ethylene-diaminetretraacetate. Canad. J. Bot. 41: 1155–1157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loughheed, T. C., and MacLeod, D. M.. 1960. Comparative yields of Hirsutella gigantea Petch with l-glutamic acid and monosodium glutamate as nitrogen sources. Canad. J. Bot. 39: 727–728.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacLeod, D. M. 1954a. Investigations on the genera Beauveria Vuill. and Tritirachium Limber. Canad. J. Bot. 32: 818–890.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacLeod, D. M. 1954b. Natural and cultural variations in entomogenous Fungi Imperfecti. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 60: 58–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacLeod, D. M. 1955. A fungous enemy of the pea aphid, Macrosiphum pisi (Kaltenbach). Canad. Ent. 87: 503–505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacLeod, D. M. 1956. Notes on the genus Empusa Cohn. Canad. J. Bot. 39: 16–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacLeod, D. M. 1959a. Nutritional studies on the Genus Hirsutella. I. Growth response in an enriched liquid medium. Canad. J. Bot. 37: 695–714.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacLeod, D. M. 1959b. Nutritional studies on the Genus Hirsutella. II. Nitrogen utilization in a synthetic medium. Canad. J. Bot. 37: 819–834.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacLeod, D. M. 1960. Nutritional studies on the genus Hirsutella: III. Acid-hydrolyzed casein and amino acid combinations as sources of nitrogen. J. Ins. Pathol. 2: 139–146.Google Scholar
MacLeod, D. M. 1963. Entomophthorales Infections, pp. 189–231. In Steinhaus, E. A., Insect pathology, Vol. 2. Academic Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, C. et al. , 1955. The macromolecular paracrystalline lattice of insect viral polyhedral bodies demonstrated in ultra-thin sections examined in the electron microscope. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 1: 187–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, O. N. 1962a. Quantitative infectivity studies on the nuclear polyhedrosis of the western oak looper, Lambdina fiscellaria somniaria (Hulst). J. Ins. Pathol. 4: 207–215.Google Scholar
Morris, O. N. 1962b. Comparative susceptibility of four forest insects to a commercial preparation of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner). Canad. Ent. 94: 686–690.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, O. N. 1962c. Studies on the causative agent and histopathology of a virus disease of the western oak looper. J. Ins. Pathol. 4: 446–453.Google Scholar
Morris, O. N. 1962d. Progressive histochemical changes in virus-infected fat body of the western oak looper. J. Ins. Pathol. 4: 454–464.Google Scholar
Morris, O. N. 1963a. The natural and artificial control of the Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata McDunnough (Lymantriidae) by a nuclear polyhedrosis virus. J. Ins. Pathol. 5: 401–414.Google Scholar
Morris, O. N. 1963b. Pathogenicity of three commercial preparations of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) for some forest insects. J. Ins. Pathol. 5: (in press).Google Scholar
Morris, O. N. 1963c. A nuclear polyhedrosis of Orgyia pseudotsugata: Causative agent and histopathology. Canad. J. Microbiol. 9: 899–900.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, O. N. 1963d. Susceptibility of Lambdina fiscellaria somniaria and Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa to viruses from several other insects. Canad. J. Microbiol. 9: (in press).Google Scholar
Neilson, M. M. 1963a. Disease and the spruce budworm, pp. 272–287. In Morris, R. F. (ed.), The dynamics of epidemic spruce budworm populations. Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 31, 332 pp.Google Scholar
Neilson, M. M. 1963b. A cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus pathogenic for a number of lepidopterous hosts. J. Ins. Pathol. 6: 41–52.Google Scholar
Neilson, M. M. 1963c. Relative pathogenicity of a non-specific cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus for the winter moth, Operophtera brumata L., and the fall cankerworm, Alsophila pometaria (Harr.). J. Ins. Pathol. (in press).Google Scholar
Sager, S. M. 1957. A virus disease of western hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa (Hulst) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Canad. J. Microbiol. 3: 799–802.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sager, S. M. 1960. On the transtadial transmission of insect viruses. J. Ins. Pathol. 2: 307–309.Google Scholar
Smith, K. M. 1963. The cytoplasmic virus diseases, pp. 457–498. In Steinhaus, E. A., Insect pathology, Vol. 1. Academic Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smirnoff, W. A. 1961. A virus disease of Neodiprion swainei Middleton. J. Ins. Pathol. 3: 29–46.Google Scholar
Smirnoff, W. A. 1962. A staining method for differentiating spores, crystals, and cells of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner). J. Ins. Pathol. 4: 384–386.Google Scholar
Smirnoff, W. A. 1963a. Tests of Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis Berliner and B. cereus Frankland and Frankland on larvae of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens). Canad. Ent. 95: 127–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smirnoff, W. A. 1963b. Considerations on the toxic and labile substance produced by Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis Berliner (labile exotoxin). Entomophaga 8: (in press).Google Scholar
Smirnoff, W. A., Fettes, J. J., and Haliburton, W.. 1962. A virus disease of Swaine's jack pine sawfly, Neodiprion swainei Midd. sprayed from an aircraft. Canad. Ent. 94: 477–486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smirnoff, W. A., and Heimpel, A. M.. 1961. Notes on the pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis Berliner for the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris Linnaeus. J. Ins. Pathol. 3: 403–408.Google Scholar
Stairs, G. R. 1960. Infection of the jack pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus Freeman, with a nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Canad. Ent. 92: 906–908.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stairs, G. R. 1963. Infection of Malacosoma disstria (Hbn.) with nuclear polyhedrosis viruses from other species of Malacosoma (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae). J. Ins. Pathol. 5: (in press).Google Scholar
Stairs, G. R., and Bird, F. T.. 1962. Dissemination of viruses against the spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens). Canad. Ent. 94: 966–969.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steinhaus, E. A. 1949. Principles of insect pathology. McGraw-Hill, New York.Google Scholar
Steinhaus, E. A. 1956. Microbial control — the emergence of an idea. Hilgardia 26: 107–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steinhaus, E. A. 1962. Non-infectious disease: an area of neglect in insect pathology. J. Ins. Pathol. 4: i–viii.Google Scholar
Steinhaus, E. A. 1963a. Insect pathology. Vol. 1, Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Steinhaus, E. A. 1963b. Insect pathology. Vol. 2.Google Scholar
Stephens, J. M. 1952. Disease in codling moth larvae produced by several strains of Bacillus cereus. Canad. J. Zool. 30: 30–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stephens, J. M. 1957. Spore coverage and persistence of Bacillus cereus Frankland and Frankland sprayed on apple trees against the codling moth. Canad. Ent. 89: 94–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stephens, J. M. 1958. Occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter) Migula in haemolymph of grasshoppers after infection by feeding. Canad. J. Microbiol. 4, 191–193.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stephens, J. M. 1959a. Mucin as an agent promoting infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter) Migula in grasshoppers. Canad. J. Microbiol. 5: 73–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stephens, J. M. 1959b. Note on effects of feeding grasshoppers two pathogenic species of bacteria simultaneously. Canad. J. Microbiol. 5: 313–315.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stephens, J. M. 1959c. Immune responses of some insects to some bacterial antigens. Canad. J. Microbiol. 5: 203–228.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stephens, J. M. 1962a. Bactericidal activity of the blood of actively immunized wax moth larvae. Canad. J. Microbiol. 8: 491–499.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stephens, J. M. 1962b. Influence of active immunization on melanization of the blood of wax moth larvae. Canad. J. Microbiol. 8: 597–602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stephens, J. M., and Marshall, J. H.. 1962. Some properties of an immune factor isolated from the blood of actively immunized wax moth larvae. Canad. J. Microbiol. 8: 719–725.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomson, H. M. 1956. The effect of a microsporidian parasite on the development, reproduction, and mortality of the spruce budworm. Canad. J. Zool. 36: 499–511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomson, H. M. 1959. A microsporidian infection in the jack-pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus Free. Canad. J. Zool. 37: 117–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomson, H. M. 1960a. Variation of some of the characteristics used to distinguish between species of Microsporidia: 1. Spore size. J. Ins. Pathol. 2: 147–151.Google Scholar
Thomson, H. M. 1960b. A list and brief description of the microsporidia infecting insects. J. Ins. Pathol. 2: 346–385.Google Scholar
Trager, W. 1935. Cultivation of the virus of grasserie in silkworm tissue cultures. J. exp. Med. 61: 501–513.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vaughn, J. L. 1963. A tissue culture method for studying insect viruses. Bact. Proc. 27: 131.Google Scholar
Vaughn, J. L., and Faulkner, P.. 1963. Susceptibility of an insect tissue culture to virus preparations of the nuclear polyhedrosis of the silkworm, (Bombyx mori L.). Virology 20: 484–489.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Welch, H. E. 1958. Agamomermis pachysoma (Linstow, 1905) n. comb. (Mermithidae: Nematoda), a parasite of social wasps. Insectes sociaux 5: 353–355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Welch, H. E. 1959. Taxonomy, life cycle, development, and habits of two new species of Allantonematidae (Nematoda) parasitic in drosophilid flies. Parasitology 49: 83–103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Welch, H. E. 1960a. Hydromermis churchillensis n.sp. (Nematode: Mermithidae) a parasite of Aedes communis (DeG.) from Churchill, Manitoba, with observations of its incidence and bionomics. Canad. J. Zool. 38: 465–474.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Welch, H. E. 1960b. The taxonomy of Hydromermis contora (Linstow, 1889) Hagmeier, 1912, and its synonym Hydromermis rivicola Corti, 1902 (Nematoda: Mermithidae) with notes on some diagnostic characters. Nematologica 5: 92–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Welch, H. E. 1962. New species of Gastromermis, Isomermis, and Mesomermis (Nematoda: Mermithidae) from black fly larvae. Ann. ent. Soc. Amer. 55: 535–542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Welch, H. E. 1963. Amphimermis bogongae sp. nov. and Hexamermis cavicola sp. nov. from the Australian bogong moth, Agrotis infusca (Boisd.), with a review of the genus Amphimermis Kaburaki and Imamura, 1932. Nematoda: Mermithidae. Parasitology 53: 55–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Welch, H. E., and Briand, L. J.. 1961. Test of the nematode DD-136 and an associated bacterium for control of the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). Canad. Ent. 93: 759–763.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Welch, H. E., and Bronskill, J. F.. 1962. Parasitism of mosquito larvae by the nematode DD-136 (Nematoda: Neoaplectanidae). Canad. J. Zool. 40: 1263–1268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wellington, E. F. 1951. Amino acids of two insect viruses. Biochim. biophys. Acta 7: 238–243.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wellington, E. F. 1954. The amino acid composition of some insect viruses and their characteristic inclusion body proteins. Biochem. J. 57: 334–338.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wyatt, G. R. 1952. The nucleic acids of some insect viruses. J. gen. Physiol. 36: 201–205.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wyatt, S. S. 1956. Culture in vitro of tissue from the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. J. gen. Physiol. 39: 841–852.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wyatt, G. R., Loughheed, T. C., and Wyatt, S. S.. 1956. The chemistry of insect hemolymph. J. gen. Physiol. 39: 853–868.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Young, I. E., and Fitz-James, P. C.. 1959a. Chemical and morphological studies of bacterial spore formation. II. Spore and parasporal protein formation in Bacillus cereus var. alesti. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 6: 483–498.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Young, I. E., and Fitz-James, P. C.. 1959b Chemical and morphological studies of bacterial spore formation. III. The effect of 8-azaguanine on spore and parasporal protein formation in Bacillus cereus var. alesti. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 6: 499–506.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed