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DEGREE-DAY RELATIONSHIPS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF LITHOCOLLETIS BLANCARDELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE) AND ITS PARASITE APANTELES ORNIGIS (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE)1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

E. F. Johnson ,
R. Trottier  and
J. E. Laing
E. F. Johnson
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
R. Trottier
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
J. E. Laing
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
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Abstract

Degree-day relationships in the development of Lithocolletis blancardella (Fab.) and Apanteles ornigis Weed, its major parasite, were established from laboratory and field studies in Ontario apple orchards during 1973, 1974, and 1975. Under constant laboratory conditions, temperature thresholds for development of overwintering pupae were estimated by three methods, and found to be 6.3°, 6.7°, and 5.7°C for L. blancardella, and 10.4°, 10.4°, and 11.3°C for A. ornigis. Degree-day accumulations in the field were calculated by two methods using daily maximum and minimum temperatures recorded from the pupal habitat and a Stevenson screen. Degree-days in the pupal habitat accumulated from 1 January, above 5.7°C for L. blancardella and 11.3°C for A. ornigis were more accurate than Stevenson screen degree-day accumulations for predicting first emergence; however, after emergence, seasonal development was best related to Stevenson screen degree-days accumulated from 1 April, above 6.7°C for L. blancardella and 10.4°C for A. ornigis. This study shows that degree-day relationships can be used in an apple pest management programme to optimize timing of insecticide applications against L. blancardella and preserve A. ornigis, its major natural enemy.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 111 , Issue 10 , October 1979 , pp. 1177 - 1184
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1979

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