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ECOLOGY OF BLACK FLIES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) OF THE SOURIS RIVER, MANITOBA AS A BASIS FOR CONTROL STRATEGY

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

A. R. Westwood  and
R. A. Brust
A. R. Westwood
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2
R. A. Brust
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2
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Abstract

Ten species of black flies were collected from the Souris River, Manitoba between April 1977 and October 1978. Adults of Simulium luggeri Nicholson and Mickel, Simulium meridionale Riley, Simulium venustum Say, Simulium verecundum Stone and Jamnback, and Simulium johannseni johannseni (Hart) were collected feeding on livestock and humans, and are well known pest species. Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt was the most abundant species, but was not a pest on man or domestic animals. Simulium tuberosum (Lundström) and Simulium johannseni duplex Shewell and Fredeen were the least abundant species. Simulium j. johannseni, S. j. duplex, S. venustum, S. verecundum, S. tuberosum, and Cnephia dacotensis (Dyar and Shannon) appeared to be univoltine species while S. luggeri, S. meridionale, Simulium decorum Walker, and S. vittatum were multivoltine in the Souris River.

An evaluation of cone, plate, rope, and wire cage sampling devices for black fly larvae and pupae indicated that cone samplers provided a more representative sample for population assessment.

In a black fly control program, of the Souris River, Manitoba two separate larvicide treatments in spring may be necessary. In the case of two treatments, the first should be aimed at late instar larvae of S. j. johannseni, S. venustum, and S. verecundum. Since the majority of S. luggeri and S. meridionale would be in the egg stage at this time, a second treatment, 10–14 days later, would be necessary to control late instar larvae of these species.

Résumé

Dix espèces de mouches noires ont été inventoriées à la rivière Souris au Manitoba entre avril 1977 et octobre 1978. Les adultes de Simulium luggeri Nicholson et Mickel, Simulium meridionale Riley, Simulium venustum Say, Simulium verecundum Stone et Jamnbach, et Simulium johannseni johannseni (Hart) ont été collectionnés en train de s’alimenter sur le bétail et les humains, et ce sont des nuisibles bien connus. Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt était l’espèce la plus abondante, mais elle ne s’attaque pas à l’homme ou aux animaux domestiques. Simulium tuberosum Lundström et Simulium johannseni duplex Shewell et Fredeen, étaient les espèces les moins abondantes. Simulium j. johannseni, S. j. duplex, S. venustum, S. verecundum, S. tuberosum et Cnephia dacotensis (Dyar et Shannon) sont apparamment univoltines alors que S. luggeri, S. meridionale, Simulium decorum Walker et S. vittatum sont multivoltines à la rivière Souris.

Une comparaison de quatre types d’appareils d’échantillonnage pour les larves et pupes de mouches noires a montré que les pièges coniques permettent un échantillonnage plus représentatif pour les estimés de population.

Un programme de contrôle des mouches noires à la rivière Souris au Manitoba devrait comporter deux traitements larvicides au printemps. Le premier devrait viser les derniers stades larvaires de S. j. johannseni, S. venustum et S. verecundum. Parce que S. luggeri et S. meridionale seraient en grande partie au stade œuf à ce moment, un second traitement devrait être appliqué 10–14 jours plus tard pour contrôler les larves avancées de ces espèces.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 113 , Issue 3 , March 1981 , pp. 223 - 234
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1981

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