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INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE ON THE SURVIVAL OF COCOONS, AND ON ADULT EMERGENCE OF BUCCULATRIX CANADENSISELLA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

J. R. Blais
Affiliation:
Forest Research Laboratory, Department of Forestry and Rural Development, Quebec, Quebec
J. G. Pilon
Affiliation:
Forest Research Laboratory, Department of Forestry and Rural Development, Quebec, Quebec

Abstract

Bucculatrix canadensisella Chambers, an important defoliator of birch trees in Canada, overwinters as a cocoon in forest-floor debris. Cocoons obtained from the field over a 3-year period showed that high mortality attributable to climatic conditions could occur during this stage. Field and laboratory experiments indicated that cocoons were quite resistant to various conditions of moisture and to cold in the fall and through the winter, but that they were highly susceptible to dry conditions at the time of morphogenesis in the spring. Cool temperatures retarded adult emergence; in nature, this would expose cocoons to a prolonged period of predation. It is concluded that weather conditions during a critical period of a few weeks in late spring could greatly affect cocoon survival of this insect. Warm, moist weather would offer optimum conditions while cool and (or) dry weather would result in high mortality.

Résumé

Important défoliateur du Bouleau, Bucculatrix canadensisella Chambers passe l’hiver dans un cocon enfoui parmi les détritus de la litière forestière. L’examen de ces cocons pour 3 années consécutives a fait ressortir l’éventualité, au cours de ce stade, d’une mortalité élevée par l’effet des conditions climatiques. Les expériences faites en forêt et au laboratoire ont montré qu’en automne et en hiver, ceux-ci résistaient parfaitement bien aux conditions d’humidité et au froid, mais étaient très sensibles aux conditions de sécheresse lors de la morphogenèse du printemps. Les températures basses retardaient l’émergence des papillons, ce qui—dans la nature—exposerait les cocons à une période prolongée de prédation. Les auteurs concluent que durant une phase critique de quelques semaines, à la fin du printemps, les conditions climatiques pourraient affecter considérablement la survie du cocon. Le temps doux et humide serait le plus favorable, tandis que celui frais et (ou) sec causerait une mortalité élevée.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1968

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References

Friend, R. B. 1927. The biology of the birch leaf skeletonizer, Bucculatrix canadensisella Chambers. Bull. Conn. Agric. Exp. Stn, No. 288.Google Scholar
Pilon, J. G., Tripp, H. A., McLeod, J. M., and Ilnitzky, S. L.. 1964. Influence of temperature on prespinning eonymphs of the Swaine jack-pine sawfly, Neodiprion swainei Midd. (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). Can. Ent. 96: 14501457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar