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Pheromone identification of Dioryctria abietivorella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) from an eastern North American population: geographic variation in pheromone response

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

Gary G. Grant ,
Jocelyn G. Millar  and
Richard Trudel
Gary G. Grant*
Affiliation:
Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 2E5
Jocelyn G. Millar
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States of America
Richard Trudel
Affiliation:
Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Laval, Quebec, Canada H7V 1B7
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: ggrant@nrcan.gc.ca).
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Abstract

The fir coneworm, Dioryctria abietivorella (Groté), is a transcontinental pest of coniferous seed cones. Recently, the attractive pheromone components and lure blend for the fir coneworm in western Canada were identified as a 200 µg : 2000 µg ratio of (9Z,11E)-tetradecadienyl acetate (9Z,11E-14:Ac) and a polyunsaturated hydrocarbon, (3Z,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-pentacosapentaene (C25 pentaene). A potential third component, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (9Z-14:Ac), which was detected in pheromone gland extracts, had no effect on males of the western population when added to the binary blend. In contrast, in eastern Canada (Quebec) we found that the 200 µg : 2000 µg binary blend was unattractive to male fir coneworms until 9Z-14:Ac was added. By means of several field experiments we established that a 67 µg : 200 µg : 2000 µg ratio of 9Z-14:Ac, 9Z,11E-14:Ac, and the C25 pentaene was attractive to fir coneworms in Quebec. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry analysis of pheromone gland extracts of fir coneworm from Quebec confirmed the presence of the three components in extracts in an approximately 1 µg : 4 µg : 10 µg ratio of 9Z-14:Ac, 9Z,11E-14:Ac, and the C25 pentaene. Our results provide evidence that the eastern and western populations of D. abietivorella are distinct geographic pheromone races, with 9Z-14:Ac being required for attracting males of the eastern population but not males of the western population.

Résumé

La pyrale des cônes du sapin, Dioryctria abietivorella (Groté), est un ravageur transcontinental des cônes de graines des conifères. On a identifié récemment dans l'Ouest canadien les composantes de la phéromone d'attraction et de la préparation des leurres de la pyrale des cônes du sapin: il s'agit d'un mélange 200 µg : 2000 µg d'acétate de (9Z,11E)-tétradécadiényle (9Z,11E-14:Ac) et d'un hydrocarbure polyinsaturé, le (3Z,6Z,12Z,15Z)-pentacosa-pentaène (C25 pentaène). Une troisième composante potentielle, l'acétate de (Z)-9-tétradécényle (9Z-14:Ac), détectée dans les extraits de glandes à phéromone, reste sans effet sur les mâles de la population de l'Ouest lorsqu'on l'ajoute au mélange binaire. En revanche, dans l'Est canadien (Québec), le mélange binaire 200 µg : 2000 µg demeure sans effet attractif sur les mâles de la pyrale des cônes du sapin à moins qu'on ajoute le 9Z-14:Ac. Au cours de plusieurs expériences sur le terrain, nous avons montré qu'un mélange de rapport 67 µg : 200 µg : 2000 µg de 9Z-14:Ac, de 9Z,11E-14:Ac et de C25 pentaène attire les pyrales des cônes du sapin au Québec. Une analyse par chromatographie gazeuse et spectrométrie de masse d'extraits de glandes à phéromone de pyrales des cônes du sapin du Québec confirme la présence des trois composantes dans les extraits avec un rapport d'environ 1 µg : 4 µg : 10 µg de 9Z-14:Ac, de 9Z,11E-14:Ac et de C25 pentaène. Nos résultats montrent que les populations de l'Est et de l'Ouest de D. abietivorella forment des races phéromonales géographiques et que le 9Z-14:Ac est requis pour attirer les mâles dans la population de l'Est, mais non les mâles de la population de l'Ouest.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 141 , Issue 2 , April 2009 , pp. 129 - 135
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2009

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