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Potential for pheromone-baited traps to predict seed loss caused by Contarinia oregonensis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

P. Morewood ,
W.D. Morewood ,
R.G. Bennett  and
G. Gries
P. Morewood
Affiliation:
Centre for Environmental Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
W.D. Morewood
Affiliation:
Centre for Environmental Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
R.G. Bennett
Affiliation:
British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Saanichton, British Coumbia, Canada V8M 1W4
G. Gries*
Affiliation:
Centre for Environmental Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
*
1 Corresponding author (e-mail: gries@sfu.ca).
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Abstract

In seed orchards of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco (Pinaceae), located in Washington State and Oregon, United States, we tested whether catches of male Douglas-fir cone gall midges, Contarinia oregonensis Foote, in pheromone-baited traps can be used to predict the extent of galled scales (= seed loss at harvest) caused by developing larvae. In 2000, 27 experimental blocks (4–7 ha each) were selected. In each block we recorded mean numbers of (i) male C. oregonensis captured in 20 pheromone-baited Wing traps, (ii) egg-infested scales in up to 50 conelets in early spring, and (iii) galled scales in up to 50 cones in late summer. In 2001, the experiment was repeated with 20 Delta traps in each of 26 experimental blocks. Moreover, catches of C. oregonensis and nontarget insects in Delta traps and Wing traps were compared in one additional orchard block in 2001. In both years there were positive correlations between mean numbers of egg-infested and galled scales and between mean numbers of captured male C. oregonensis and mean numbers of both egg-infested and galled scales, particularly when only experimental blocks with ≥50% of trees bearing at least 5 conelets were considered. Our results suggest that 4 or 2 captured male C. oregonensis in Wing or Delta traps, respectively, warrant insecticidal control of C. oregonensis. Delta traps, which captured fewer nontarget insects, would be more suitable than Wing traps for operational implementation of this technology.

Résumé

Dans des pépinières à graines de sapins de Douglas, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco (Pinaceae), situées dans le Washington et l'Oregon, États-Unis, nous avons vérifié si les récoltes de cécidomyies Contarinia oregonensis Foote dans les pièges à phéromones peuvent servir à prédire l'importance du nombre d'écaillés porteuses de galles (perte de graines au moment de la récolte) causées par les larves en développement. En 2000, 27 blocs expérimentaux (4–7 ha chacun) ont été délimités. Dans chaque bloc, nous avons noté le nombre moyen (i) de mâles de C. oregonensis capturés dans 20 pièges à phéromones à ailettes (Wing traps), (ii) d'écaillés infestées d'oeufs dans des petits cônes (jusqu'à 50) au début du printemps et (iii) d'écaillés porteuses de galles dans des cônes (jusqu'à 50) à la fin de l'été. En 2001, l'expérience a été répétée avec des 20 pièges Delta dans 26 blocs expérimentaux. De plus, les récoltes de C. oregonensis et d'autres insectes non ciblés dans les pièges Delta et les pièges à ailettes ont été comparées dans un bloc additionnel en 2001. Au cours des 2 années, nous avons trouvé des corrélations positives entre le nombre moyen d'écaillés infestées d'oeufs et le nombre d'écaillés porteuses de galles, entre le nombre moyen de mâles de C. oregonensis capturés et le nombre moyen d'écaillés infestées d'oeufs ou porteuses de galles, particulièrement lorsque seuls les blocs expérimentaux comptant ≥ 50% d'arbres portant au moins 5 petits cônes avaient été pris en compte. Nos résultats indiquent que lorsque les pièges à ailettes capturent 4 mâles de C. oregonensis et les pièges Delta, 2 mâles, il faut procéder à une lutte insecticide. Les pièges Delta, qui capturent moins d'insectes non ciblés, sont mieux adaptés que les pièges à ailettes à l'application de cette technologie.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 134 , Issue 5 , October 2002 , pp. 689 - 697
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2002

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