Hostname: page-component-76dd75c94c-t6jsk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T07:40:11.768Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Transforming Traumatised Children within NSW Department of Education Schools: One School Counsellor's Model for Practise – REWIRE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 June 2017

Deborah A. Costa*
Affiliation:
School Counselling, NSW Department of Education, Wollombi Road, Cessnock, NSW, 2325, Australia
*
address for correspondence: Deborah A. Costa, Wollombi Road, Corner Campbell Street, Cessnock NSW 2325. E-mail: deborah.costa@det.nsw.edu.au

Abstract

Adequately supporting the needs of maltreated and traumatised children within New South Wales (NSW) public education system schools is often frustrated by poor perception of the impact of developmental trauma on children's school-based functioning and the need for additional, specialist support; the push for, and provision of, behaviour diagnoses for these children to fund basic assistance and supervision; competing demands on an overextended School Counselling resource impacting capacity for school-based trauma informed psychological services, and seemingly stretched capacity of government/non-government agencies to reliably provide effective support. This is accompanied by a lack of understanding of behavioural signals of distress children display and underreporting to agencies; persistent, simplistic behaviourist views of children's behaviours within schools and low-level collaboration between schools and external agencies. Facilitating a trauma sensitive environment within NSW schools can ameliorate these frustrations and attend to these inadequacies in a pragmatic, achievable way. This practice paper presents a School Counsellor-led model (REWIRE) for achieving this.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andrea, W., Ford, J., Stolbach, B., Spinazzola, J., & van der Kolk, B. (2012). Understanding interpersonal trauma in children: Why we need a developmentally appropriate trauma diagnosis. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 829 (2), 187200.Google Scholar
Australian Childhood Foundation (ACF). (2010). Making space for learning, Trauma informed practice in schools. Victoria: ACF.Google Scholar
Australian Childhood Foundation (ACF). (2011). SMART Discussion paper 18. Polyvagal theory and its implications for traumatised students. Victoria: ACF.Google Scholar
Bath, H. I. (2008). The three pillars of trauma-informed care. Reclaiming children and youth, 17 (3), 1721. Retrieved from: https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/cxl/backup/prod/cxl/gklugiewicz/media/507188fa-30b7-8fd4-aa5f-ca6bb629a442.pdf Google Scholar
Bomber, L. M., & Hughes, D. A. (2014). Settling to learn – settling troubled pupils to learn: Why relationships matter in school. London: Worth Publishing Ltd.Google Scholar
Centre on the Developing Child. (2016).Toxic stress. Harvard University. Retrieved from https://developingchild.harvard.edu/science/key-concepts/toxic-stress/.Google Scholar
Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2001). Understanding the effects of maltreatment on early brain development. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services.Google Scholar
Cole, S. F., O'Brien, J. G., Gadd, M. G., Ristuccia, J., Luray, D., Wallace, J. D., & Gregory, M, (2005). Helping traumatized children learn: Supportive school environments for children traumatized by family violence. Boston: Massachusetts Advocates for Children.Google Scholar
Cook, A., Spinazzola, J., Ford, J., Lanktree, F., Blaustein, M., Cloitre, M., . . . van der Kolk, B. (2005). Complex trauma in children and adolescents. Psychiatric Annals, 35 (5), 390398.Google Scholar
DeGregorio, L. J., & McLean, S. (2013). The cognitive profiles of maltreated children in care and their educational needs: Supporting good outcomes. Children Australia, 38 (1), 2835.Google Scholar
Downey, L. (2007). Calmer classrooms: A guide to working with traumatised children. Melbourne: Child Safety Commissioner.Google Scholar
Golding, K. S., & Hughes, D. A. (2012). Creating loving attachments: Parenting with PACE to nurture confidence and security in the troubled child. London and Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.Google Scholar
Kezelman, C., & Stavropoulos, P. (2012). The last frontier: Practice guidelines for treatment of complex trauma and trauma-informed care and service delivery. NSW: Adults Surviving Child Abuse.Google Scholar
Kuypers, L. M. (2011). The zones of regulation: A curriculum designed to foster self-regulation & emotional control. California: Think Social Publishing.Google Scholar
McLean, S. (2016). The effect of trauma on the brain development of children: Evidence-based principles for supporting the recovery of children in care. Child Family Community Australia, CFCA Practice Resource. Retrieved from https://aifs.gov.au/cfca/publications/effect-trauma-brain-development-children.Google Scholar
National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN). (2007). Creating trauma-informed child-serving systems. NCTSN Service Systems Briefs, v1, n1., Retrieved from https://www.nctsnet.org/nctsn_assets/pdfs/Service_Systems_Brief_v1_v1.pdf.Google Scholar
NSW Department of Education and Communities (NSW DEC). (2015). The wellbeing framework for schools. Sydney: NSW DEC.Google Scholar
NSW Government (NSW Gov.). (2009). Keep them safe: A shared approach to child well-being. Sydney, NSW Government Department of Premier and Cabinet. Retrieved from http://www.dpc.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/57145/Keep_Them_Safe.pdf Google Scholar
Paediatric Development Centre. (2016). Arousal and self-regulation. Portland, Maine. Retrieved from https://pediatricdevelopmentcenter.com/specializations/arousal-and-self-regulation/.Google Scholar
Perry, B. (2006). Applying principles of neurodevelopment to clinical work with maltreated and traumatised children: The neurosequential model of therapeutics. Retrieved from https://childtrauma.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Perry-Bruce-neurosequentialmodel_06.pdf.Google Scholar
Perry, B. D., & Hambrick, E. P. (2008). The neurosequential model of therapeutics. Reclaiming Children and Youth, 17 (3), 3843.Google Scholar
Perry, B. D., & Szalavitz, M. (2007). The boy who was raised as a dog: What traumatized children can teach us about loss, love and healing. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Schore, A. N. (2001). The effects of early relational trauma on right brain development, affect regulation, and infant mental health. Infant Mental Health Journal, 22 (1–2), 201269.3.0.CO;2-9>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tobin, M. (2016). Childhood trauma: Developmental pathways and implications for the classroom. Changing minds: Discussion in neuroscience, psychology and education. 3, July. Australian Council for Educational Research, Camberwell, VIC. Retrieved from https://research.acer.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1019&context=learning_processes.Google Scholar
van der Kolk, B. (2014). The body keeps the score: Mind, brain and body in the transformation of trauma. London: Penguin Group.Google Scholar
Veltman, M. W. M., & Browne, K. D. (2001). Three decades of child maltreatment research: Implications for the school years. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 2 (3), 215239.Google Scholar
VIC Department of Human Services (VIC DHS). (2007). Child development and trauma specialist practice resource. Melbourne: Victorian Government. Retrieved from https://www.dhs.vic.gov.au/for-service-providers/children,-youth-and-families/child-protection/specialist-practice-resources-for-child-protection-workers/child-development-and-trauma-specialist-practice-resource.Google Scholar
Wilson, H. W., & Widom, C. S. (2010). The role of youth problem behaviors in the path from child abuse and neglect to prostitution: A prospective examination. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20 (1), 210236.Google Scholar