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ERIS: A WORDPLAY IN CATULLUS 40

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 May 2024

Simon Trafford*
Affiliation:
Chislehurst & Sidcup Grammar School

Abstract

In poem 40, through a series of rhetorical questions, Catullus confronts Ravidus about what made him commit such a foolish action as to fall in love with Catullus’ own lover. The poem ends with the lines: eris, quandoquidem meos amores | cum longa uoluisti amare poena, ‘You will be, since you have chosen to love my lover at the risk of receiving a long punishment’. There is a long-standing tradition of scholarship which testifies to the frequency with which Catullus incorporates wordplay in his poems, including bilingual puns. This essay proposes another such pun by arguing that Catullus is making a play on words through the homophony of the Latin verb eris and the Greek noun ἔρις.

Type
Shorter Notes
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Classical Association

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References

1 Quinn, K., Catullus: The Poems (London, 1970), 212Google Scholar.

2 Quinn (n. 1), 212.

3 Ferriss, J., ‘Catullus poem 71: another foot pun’, CPh 104 (2009), 376–84Google Scholar; Muse, K., ‘Fleecing Remus’ magnanimous playboys: wordplay in Catullus 58.5’, Hermes 137 (2009), 302–13CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Wiseman, T.P., Clio's Cosmetics: Three Studies in Greco-Roman Literature (Leicester, 1979), 169–70Google Scholar.

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5 Harrison (n. 4).

6 Latta (n. 4). It is worth noting Horace's wordplay on the Greek ἶβις and the Latin ibis in an allusion to Callimachus’ poem of the same name, for which see Heyworth, S.J., ‘Horace's Ibis: on the titles, unity and contents of the Epodes’, PLLS 7 (1993), 8596Google Scholar.

7 Hunter (n. 4), 107 n. 57.

8 Cowan (n. 4).

9 Trafford (n. 4).

10 Several studies have shown the prevalence of puns and wordplays in Catullus. See, for example, Quinn (n. 1), 139, for a pun on pes ‘foot’ seen in poem 14: abite illuc, unde malum pedem attulistis. R.W. Hooper, ‘In defence of Catullus’ dirty sparrow’, G&R 32 (1985), 162–78 argues that passerem Catulli is a pun, as suggested by Mart. 11.6, where the passer of Catullus’ poems 2 and 3 means ‘penis’ as well as ‘sparrow’. Ferriss (n. 3), 377 argues that podagra is a pun implying both ‘gout’ and ‘metrical incompetence’.

11 Maltby, R., ‘The limits of etymologising’, Aevum Antiquum 6 (1993), 257–75Google Scholar; Cowan, R., ‘How's your father? A recurrent bilingual wordplay in Martial’, CQ 65 (2015), 736–46CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

12 Ellis, R., A Commentary on Catullus (Oxford, 1889), 144Google Scholar.

13 Cowan, R., ‘On not being Archilochus properly: Cato, Catullus and the idea of iambos’, MD 74 (2015), 3941Google Scholar.

14 D. Vallat, ‘Bilingual word-play on personal names in Martial’, in J. Booth and R. Maltby (edd.), What's in a Name? The Significance of Proper Names in Classical Latin Literature (Swansea, 2006), 121–43.

15 While in the 1869 edition of LSJ it was suggested that ἔρις is ‘perhaps akin to Sanskr. rush = Lat. iras-ci, rix-a’, the view has been decisively debunked and no longer appears in more recent editions of LSJ. See Chantraine, P., Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue grecque, nouvelle édition avec supplément (Paris, 2009), 350–5Google Scholar; Vann, M. de, Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden and Boston, 2016), 525Google Scholar; both lexica state that rixa is cognate with the Greek ἐρείκω.

16 Hunter (n. 4), 145.

17 Kroll, W., C. Valerius Catullus (Stuttgart, 1968), 157Google Scholar; Quinn (n. 1), 317.

18 See Hunter (n. 4).