Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-4rdrl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-16T14:23:42.207Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Types of Mixed-Layer Minerals from Japan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Toshio Sudo  and
Hisato Hayashi
Toshio Sudo
Affiliation:
Tokyo University of Education, Japan
Hisato Hayashi
Affiliation:
Tokyo University of Education, Japan
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

From x-ray studies, mixed-layer minerals can be classified into regular and random types; the former show a long spacing of about 30 A. Certain clays showing strong powder reflections from long spacings have been considered in detail after treatment with ethylene glycol and/or ignition.

Kurata clay and Hanaoka clay no. 908, showing 29.6 ± 0.2 A spacing, are composed of the following three kinds of lattices: (a) the usual montmoriilonite lattice with the cell height of 15.4 A (M-lattice), (b) the kaolin mineral lattice with cell height of about 7 A (K-lattice), (c) a new lattice with a cell height of 14 A (G-lattice) which is represented by a regular inter stratification between pyrophyllite and gibbsite layers. In these clays Mand G-lattices form partly a regular mixed-layer structure with a 29.6 A spacing and partly a random mixed-layer structure. Hanaoka clay no. 308, showing a 26.6±0.2 A spacing, is composed of a lattice with cell height of 12 A and a chlorite lattice; these form a regular mixed-layer mineral with the long spacing. A random mixed-layer mineral is found in some so-called acid clays. These clays have very broad basal reflections showing random mixed-layer complexes and having almost equal percentages of kaolinite and montmoriilonite layers. The thermal curves and electron micrographs of these clays are discussed.

Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals (National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals) , Volume 4 , February 1955 , pp. 389 - 412
Copyright
Copyright © The Clay Minerals Society 1955

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Brindley, G. W., 1951, The kaolin minerals: in X-ray identification and crystal structures of clay minerals, Mineralogical Soc., London, p. 32–75.Google Scholar
Brindley, G. W., and Robinson, K., 1946, The structure of kaolinite: Min. Mag., v. 27, p. 242–253.Google Scholar
Brown, G., and MacEwan, D. M. C., 1950, The interpretation of x-ray diagrams of soil clays. II. Structures and random interstratification: J. Soil Sci., v. 1, p. 239–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, G., and MacEwan, D. M. C., 1951, X-ray diffraction by structures with random interstratifications: in X-ray identification and crystal structures of clay minerals, Mineralogical Soc., London, p. 266–284.Google Scholar
Hambleton, W. W., and Dodd, C. G., 1953, A qualitative color test for rapid identification of the clay mineral groups: Econ. Geol., v. 48, p. 139–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacEwan, D. M. C., 1950, Some notes on the recording and interpretation of x-ray diagrams of soil clays: J. Soil Sci., v. 1, p. 90–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacEwan, D. M. C., 1951, The montmorillonoite minerals (montmorillonoids): in X-ray identification and crystal structures of clay minerals, Mineralogical Soc., London, p. 87–137.Google Scholar
Sudo, T., 1954, Clay mineralogical aspects of the alteration of volcanic glass in Japan: Clay Minerals Bull., v. 2, p. 96–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sudo, T., and Hayashi, H., 1955, New types of clay minerals with long spacings at about 30 A found from the altered area developed around certain ore bodies of the Hanaoka Mine, Akita Prefecture: Sci. Rept. Tokyo Kyoiku-daigaku (Tokyo University of Education), v. 3, sec. C, no. 25, p. 281–294.Google Scholar
Sudo, T., and Ota, S., 1952, An iron-rich variety of montmorillonite found in “Oya-ishi”: J. Geol. Soc. Japan, v. 58, no. 685, p. 487–491.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sudo, T., Takahashi, H., and Matsui, H., 1954, A long spacing at about 30 kX confirmed from a fireclay: Nature, v. 173, p. 261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sudo, T., Takahashi, H., and Matsui, H., 1954a, On x-ray properties of the fireclay from the Kurata Mine, Yamaguchi Prefecture: Jap. J. Geol. and Geograph., v. 24, p. 71–85.Google Scholar