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Diagenesis of Dioctahedral and Trioctahedral Smectites from Alternating Beds in Miocene to Pleistocene Rocks of the Niigata Basin, Japan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Byeong-Kook Son ,
Takahisa Yoshimura  and
Hikaru Fukasawa
Byeong-Kook Son
Affiliation:
Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), 30, Kajungdong, Yusungku, Taejon, Korea
Takahisa Yoshimura*
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Niigata University, Ikarashi-2, Niigata, Japan
Hikaru Fukasawa
Affiliation:
Exploration Department, Japan Petroleum Exploration Co. Ltd, Higashi-Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
*
*Present address: 7910-22, 2-No-Cho, Ikarashi, Niigata, Japan.
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Abstract

Clay mineral diagenesis in the Niigata basin is documented by mineralogical and chemical analysis of clay minerals from cuttings from the Shinkumoide SK-1D (SSK-1D) well which is characterized by alternating beds containing dioctahedral and trioctahedral smectite minerals with increasing depth. Dioctahedral smectite shows a progressive increase in illite interstratification with increasing depth. The transition of dioctahedral smectite to interstratified illite-smectite (I-S) is supported chemically by an increase in K and Al and a decrease in Si with increasing depth. In contrast, trioctahedral smectite (saponite) reacts to form a 1:1 interstratified chlorite-smectite (C-S) with increasing burial depth and temperature. Considering the geology and the occurrence of smectite, the SSK-1D smectites probably altered diagenetically from two different parent materials: dioctahedral smectite is derived from clastic sediments and transforms to interstratified illite-smectite, whereas trioctahedral smectite is derived from andesitic pyroclastic rocks and transforms to interstratified chlorite-smectite.

The C-S occurs at the same depth of ~3200 m as the conversion of randomly interstratified (R = 0) I-S to (R = 1) I-S. Furthermore, the depth is compatible with a Tmax temperature of 430-435°C, which indicates the starting temperature for oil generation from organic matter. The temperature of the conversion of (R = 0) I-S to (R = 1) I-S and the start of corrensite formation is estimated at 110-120°C based on the time-temperature model suggested by others. The clay-mineral diagenesis in the SSK-1D further suggests that I-S and C-S can act as geothermometers in clastic and pyroclastic sediments provided that the effect of time is considered.

Keywords

Chlorite-SmectiteClay Mineral DiagenesisC-SGeothermometerIllite-SmectiteI-SNiigata BasinSaponite
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 49 , Issue 4 , August 2001 , pp. 333 - 346
Copyright
Copyright © 2001, The Clay Minerals Society

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