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Potassium Fixation by Clay Minerals during Hydrothermal Treatment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

Atsuyuki Inoue
Atsuyuki Inoue*
Affiliation:
Geological Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260, Japan
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Abstract

The amount of K fixed in K- and Ca-saturated montmorillonite, vermiculite (trioctahedral), rectorite-type and IMII-ordered mica/montmorillonites was measured as a function of time (1–64 days), temperature (25o-300°C), pH (6.0, 9.7, and 10.7), and K-concentration (0.02 and 1.0 M) in solution. The amount of K fixed by the clays generally increased with increasing temperature, pH, and K-concentration and reached saturation in response to each experimental condition in 5 or 6 days. The K-montmorillonite and K-vermiculite fixed considerable amounts of K even at 25°C. Fixed K in montmorillonite increased with an increase of the layer charge which is also influenced significantly by the interlayer cation. In detail, the behavior in K-fixation was specific to each clay.

The type of structural transformation with K-fixation was different for each clay. In montmorillonite, especially, the type of transformation was related to the cationic composition of the system; in K homoionic system, montmorillonite transformed rapidly into illite/montmorillonite with about 40% expandable layers at 300°C and in a mixed cation system with Ca and K, it reacted gradually to random illite/montmorillonites with increasing temperature. These data indicate that the cation-exchange process of a natural pore solution plays an important role in the gradual transformation of detrital montmorillonite to illite.

Резюме

Резюме

Количества К, фиксированного в К- и Ca-насыщенных монтмориллоните, вермикулите (трехоктаэдрическом), и слюде/монтмориллоните типа ректорита и IMII-упорядоченной, измерялось в зависимости от времени (от 1 до 64 дней), температуры (от 25° до 300°C), рН (6,0, 9,7, и 10,7) и концентрации К (0,02 и 1,0 M) в растворе. Количество К, фиксированного глинами, в основном увеличивалось с увеличением температуры, рН, и концентрации К и достигало насыщения в каждых экспериментальных условиях в течение 5 или 6 дней. К-монтмориллонит и К-вермикулит фиксировали значительные количества К даже при 25°C. Количество К, фиксированного в монтмориллоните, увеличивалось с увеличением слойного заряда, который также подвергался значительно влиянию межслойного катиона. В особенности поведение процесса фиксации К было специфическое для каждой глины. Особенно, в монтмориллоните, тип трансформации зависел от катионного состава системы; в одноионной системе К монтмориллонит быстро трансформировался в иллит/монтмориллонит с около 40% расширяющихся слоев при 300°C, а в системе со смещанными катионами Ca И К, монтмориллонит видоизменялся постепенно при увеличении температуры в неупорядоченный иллит/монтмориллонит. Эти данные указывают на то, что процесс обмена катионов естественных поровых растворов играет важную роль в постепенной трансформации детритального монтмориллонита в иллит. [E.C.]

Resümee

Resümee

Die K-Menge, die an K- und Ca-gesättigten Montmorillonit, Vermiculit (trioktaedrisch), und Montmorillonit vom Rektorit-Typ und IMII-geordneten Glimmer/Montmorillonit gebunden ist, wurde in Abhängigkeit von Zeit (1–64 Tage), Temperatur (25°C–300°C), pH-Wert (6,0, 9,7, und 10,7), und K-Konzentration (0,02 und 1,0 m) der Lösung untersucht. Die K-Menge, die an Tone gebunden wird, steigt im allgemeinen mit zunehmender Temperatur, steigendem pH, und steigender K-Konzentration und erreicht den Sättigungszustand, in Abhängigkeit von den jeweiligen experimentellen Bedingungen, nach 5 bis 6 Tagen. K-Montmorillonit und K-Vermiculit binden beachtliche K-Mengen selbst bei 25°C. Die an Montmorillonit gebundene K-Menge wächst mit zunehmender Schichtladung, die ebenfalls beachtlich durch die Zwischenschichtkationen beeinflußt wird. Im einzelnen ist die K-Bindung für jeden Ton spezifisch.

Die Art der strukturellen Umwandlung durch die K-Bindung war bei jedem Ton anders. Bei Montmorillonit war die Art der Umwandlung von der Zusammensetzung der Kationen im System abhängig; im reinen K-System wandelte sich der Montmorillonit rasch in Illit/Montmorillonit um mit etwa 40% bei 300°C expandierbaren Lagen. In einem gemischten Kationensystem mit Ca und K wandelte sich der Montmorillonit allmählich mit zunehmender Temperatur in unregelmäßige Illit/Montmorillonit-Wechsellagerungen um. Diese Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, daß der Ionenaustausch mit einer natürlichen Porenlösung eine wichtige Rolle bei der allmählichen Umwandlung von detritischem Montmorillonit in Illit spielt. [U.W.]

Résumé

Résumé

La quantité de K fixée dans la montmorillonite saturée de K et de Ca, dans la vermiculite (trioctaèdrale), et dans les montmorillonites/mica du type rectorite et ordonnées-IMII a été mesurée en fonction du temps (1–64 jours), de la température (25°–300°C), du pH (6,0, 9,7, et 10,7) et de la concentration en K (0,02 et 1,0 M) en solution. La quantité de K fixée dans les argiles a généralement augmenté proportionnellement à la température, au pH et à la concentration en K, et a atteint la saturation vis á vis de chaque condition expérimentale en 5 ou 6 jours. La montmorillonite-K et la vermiculite-K ont fixé des quantités considérables de K même à 25°C K fixé dans la montmorillonite a augmenté proportionnellement à la charge de couche qui est aussi influencée de manière significative par le cation intercouche. En détait, le comportement dans la fixation de K ètait spécifique pour chaque argile.

Le genre de transformation structurale avec la fixation de K était différent pour chaque argile. Dans la montmorillonite, spécialement, le genre de transformation était apparenté à la composition cationique du système; dans un système homoionique K, la montmorillonite s'est rapidement transformée en illite/montmorillonite avec à peu près 40% de couches expansibles à 300°C, et dans un système melangé avec Ca et K, elle a reagi graduellement en des illite/montmorillonites quelconques proportionnellement à une augmentation de température. Ces données indiquent que le procédé d’échange de cations d'une solution naturelle de pores joue un rôle important dans la transformation graduelle de montmorillonite detritique en illite. [D.J.]

Keywords

DiagenesisFixationHydrothermalInterstratificationMontmorillonitePotassiumRectorite
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 31 , Issue 2 , April 1983 , pp. 81 - 91
Copyright
Copyright © 1983, The Clay Minerals Society

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