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A scoping review on paraneoplastic autoimmune limbic encephalitis (PALE) psychiatric manifestations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 October 2020

João Costa Fernandes  and
João Gama Marques Open the ORCID record for João Gama Marques [Opens in a new window]
João Costa Fernandes
Affiliation:
Clínica Universitária de Psiquiatria e Psicologia Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
João Gama Marques*
Affiliation:
Clínica Universitária de Psiquiatria e Psicologia Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal Clínica de Psiquiatria Geral e Transcultural, Hospital Júlio de Matos, Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
*
*Author for correspondence: João Gama Marques, Email: joaogamamarques@gmail.com
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Abstract

The term limbic encephalitis has been used with an oncological precedent for over 50 years and, since then, has been applied in relation to multiple antibodies found in its etiological process. Over the last decade, the psychiatric community has brought paraneoplastic autoimmune limbic encephalitis (PALE) to a new light, scattering the once known relationships between said screened antibodies responsible for causing limbic encephalitis. Due to the fact that some individuals with this condition have a psychiatric syndrome as an initial manifestation, the aim of this updated scoping review is to reestablish a causal relationship between the onconeuronal autoantibodies, both intracellular and extracellular, possible underlying malignancies and subsequent neuropsychiatric syndrome. In pair with it, there is the idea of sketching a cleaner thorough picture of what poses as psychiatric symptoms as well as possible therapeutics. Even though the always evolving epistemology of the neurosciences achieved a significant unveiling of what includes PALE in its relevant pathological subgroups, the amount of gray literature still is much superior, appealing to a further research with more randomized controlled trials, with larger populations, so that the results corroborate the small amount of data that already exist and posteriorly be applied in the general population.

Keywords

Autoimmuneencephalitislimbicneuropsychiatryonconeuronal antibodyparaneoplasticpsychopathology
Type
Review
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 27 , Issue 2 , April 2022 , pp. 191 - 198
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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