Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-22dnz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-29T11:47:34.597Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

An outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by both rotavirus and Shigella sonnei in a private school in Rio de Janeiro

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 March 2010

F. Sutmoller ,
R. S. Azeredo ,
M. D. Lacerda ,
O. M. Barth ,
H. G. Pereira ,
E. Hoffer  and
H. G. Schatzmayr
F. Sutmoller
Affiliation:
Departments of Virology and Bacteriology of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Caixa Postal 926, 21040 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
R. S. Azeredo
Affiliation:
Departments of Virology and Bacteriology of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Caixa Postal 926, 21040 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
M. D. Lacerda
Affiliation:
Departments of Virology and Bacteriology of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Caixa Postal 926, 21040 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
O. M. Barth
Affiliation:
Departments of Virology and Bacteriology of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Caixa Postal 926, 21040 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
H. G. Pereira
Affiliation:
Departments of Virology and Bacteriology of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Caixa Postal 926, 21040 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
E. Hoffer
Affiliation:
Departments of Virology and Bacteriology of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Caixa Postal 926, 21040 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
H. G. Schatzmayr
Affiliation:
Departments of Virology and Bacteriology of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Caixa Postal 926, 21040 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

In May 1980 an extensive outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred in a private school in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Examination of faeces and paired sera showed that this outbreak was caused by both rotavirus and a virulent strain of Shigella sonnei. In the first 19 stool samples collected seven (37%) had rotavirus only, six (32%) had Sh. sonnei only, while four (21 %) had both agents. Examination of the second and third stool collections revealed only the presence of Sh. sonnei. The 18 paired sera showed seroconversion for rotavirus in four cases (22%) and in seven cases (39 %) for Sh. sonnei. The overall attack rate of the disease was approximately 75 %, the nursery and kindergarten having higher attack rates. Students in all grades became sick at the same time, and the unimodal curve of the onset dates of symptoms indicates a common source outbreak. Evidence suggested a contaminated water supply.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Hygiene , Volume 88 , Issue 2 , April 1982 , pp. 285 - 293
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1982

References

REFERENCES

Albrey, M. B. & Murphy, A. M. (1976). Rotavirus and acute gastroenteritis of infants and children. Medical Journal of Australia 1, 82–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Avrameas, S. (1969). Coupling of enzymes to proteins with glutaraldehyde. Immunochemistry 6, 43–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bauer, A. W., Kirby, W. M. M., Sherris, J. C. & Turker, M. (1966). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 45, 493–496.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bishop, R. F., Davidson, G. P., Holmes, I. H. & Ruck, B. J. (1973). Virus particles in epithelial cells of duodenal mucosa from children with acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis. Lancet ii, 1281–1283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Black, R. E., Graun, G. F. & Blake, P. A. (1980). Epidemiology of common source outbreaks of shigella in the United States, 1961–1975. American Journal of Epidemiology 108, 47–52.Google Scholar
Bonsdorff, C. H., Hovi, T., Mäkelä, P. & Mörttinen, A. (1978). Rotavirus infection in adults in association with acute gastroenteritis. Journal of Medical Virology 2, 21–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edwards, P. R. & Ewing, W. H. (1972). Identification of Enterobacteriaceae, 3rd ed., p. 362. Minneapolis: Burgess.Google Scholar
Ellens, D. I., Leeuw, P. W., Straver, P. J. & Balken, J. A. M. (1978). Comparison of five diagnostic methods for the detection of rotavirus antigens in calf faeces. Medical Microbiology and Immunology 166, 157–163.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flewett, T. H., Bryden, A. S. & Davis, H. (1974 a). Diagnostic electron microscopy of faeces. 1. The viral flora of the faeces as seen by electron microscopy. Journal of Clinical Pathology 21, 603–607.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flewett, T. H., Davies, H., Bryden, A. S. & Robertson, M. Y. (1974 b). Diagnostic electron microscopy of faeces. II. Acute gastroenteritis associated with reovirus-like particles. Journal of Clinical Pathology 27, 608–614.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foster, S. O., Palmer, E. L., Gary, G. W., Martin, M. L., Herrmann, K. L., Beasley, P. & Sampson, J. (1980). Gastroenteritis due to rotavirus in an isolated Pacific Island group: an epidemic of 3439 cases. Journal of Infectious Diseases 141, 32–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gangarosa, J. E. (1971). Epidemia de desinteria Shiga em Centro America. II. Estudos epidemiologicos en 1969. Boletín de la Oficina Sanitaria Pan-americana 71, 108–120.Google Scholar
Hieber, J. P.. Shelton, S., Nelson, J. D., Leon, J. & Mohs, E. (1978). Comparison of human rotavirus disease in tropical and temperate settings. American Journal of Diseases of Children 132, 853–858.Google ScholarPubMed
Kapikian, A. Z., Dienstag, J. L. & Purcell, R. H. (1976). Immune electron microscopy as a method for the detection, identification and characterization of agents not cultivable in an in vitro system. In Manual of Clinical Immunology, (ed. Rose, N. R. and Freemann, H.), pp. 467–480. Washington, D.C.: American Society of Microbiology.Google Scholar
Kauffmann, F. (1966). The Bacteriology of Enterobacteriaceae. Copenhagen: Munksgaard.Google Scholar
Linhares, A. C., Pinheiro, F. P., Freitas, R. B. & Gabbay, Y. B. (1979). Surto de gastroenteritis causada por rotavirus entre os Indios da aldeia Tiruóo- Pará. Boletim Epidemiologico FSESP, Rio de Janeiro.Google Scholar
Lycke, E., Blomberg, J., Berg, G., Eriksson, A. & Madsen, L. (1978). Epidemic acute diarrheoa in adults associated with infantile gastroenteritis virus. Lancet. ii. 1056–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackel, D. C., Langley, L. F., Venice, L. A. (1961). The use of guinea pig conjunctive as an experimental model for the study of virulence of Shigella organisms. American Journal of Hygiene 73, 219–223.Google Scholar
Madeley, C. R., Cosgrove, B. P.. Bell, E. J. & Fallon, R. J. (1977). Stool viruses in babies in Glasgow. Journal of Hygiene 78, 261–273.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mata, J. L. & Careres, A. (1970). Hemagglutination indirecta para la investigatión de anticuerpos a enterobacteriacias. Revista Latinamericana de Microbiologia 12, 137–144.Google Scholar
Middleton, P. J., Petric, M., Hewett, C. M., Szymanski, M. T. & Tam, J. S. (1976). Counter immunoelectro-osmophoresis for the detection of infantile gastroenteritis virus (orbi-group) antigen and antibody. Journal of Clinical Pathology 29, 191–197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Middleton, P. J. (1978). Pathogenesis of rotavirus infection. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 173, 544–547.Google Scholar
Neter, E. & Walker, J. (1954). Hemagglutination test for specific antibodies in dysentery caused by Shigella sonnei. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 24, 1424–1429.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pickering, L. K., Evans, D. J., Muñoz, O., Dupont, H. L., Ramirez, P. C., Vollet, J. J.. Conklin, R. H.. Olarte, J. & Kohl, S. (1978). Prospective study of enteropathogens in children with diarrhoea in Housten and Mexico. Journal of Pediatrics 93. 383–388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubinstein, S. S. (1964). Repartition géographique des biotypes et lysotypes de 742 souches de Shigella sonnei. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur 106, 114–122.Google Scholar
Serény, B. (1955). Experimental Shigella kerataconjunctivitis: a preliminary report. Acta Microbiologica Academica Hungarica 2, 293–296.Google Scholar
Voller, A., Bidwell, D. & Bartlett, A. (1976). Microplate enzyme immunoassays for the immunodiagnosis of virus infections. In Manual of Clinical Immunology (ed. Rose, N. R. and Friedman, H.), pp. 506–512. Washington, D.C.: American Society of Microbiology.Google Scholar
Yolken, R. H., Greenberg, H. B., Merson, M. H., Sack, R. B. & Kapikian, A. Z. (1977 a). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 6, 436–444.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yolken, R. H., Kim, H. W., Clem, T., Wyatt, R. G., Kalica, A. R., Chanock, R. M. & Kapikian, A. Z. (1977 b). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of human reovirus-like agent of infantile gastroenteritis. Lancet, ii, 263–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walsh, J. A. & Warren, K. S. (1979). Selective primary health case: an interim strategy for disease control in developing countries. New England Journal of Medicine 301, 967–974.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WHO (1981). Diarrhoea disease surveillance: Rotavirus gastroenteritis. Weekly Epidemiological Record 56 (5), 38.Google Scholar