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The increasing prominence of household transmission of hepatitis A in an area undergoing a shift in endemicity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 September 2005

J. C. VICTOR ,
T. Y. SURDINA ,
S. Z. SULEIMEOVA ,
M. O. FAVOROV ,
B. P. BELL  and
A. S. MONTO
J. C. VICTOR
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
T. Y. SURDINA
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, Republican Sanitary Epidemiology Station, Kazakhstan Ministry of Health, Almaty, Kazakhstan
S. Z. SULEIMEOVA
Affiliation:
Virology Reference Laboratory, Republican Sanitary Epidemiology Station, Kazakhstan Ministry of Health, Almaty, Kazakhstan
M. O. FAVOROV
Affiliation:
Division of International Health, Coordinating Office for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
B. P. BELL
Affiliation:
Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
A. S. MONTO
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Abstract

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In the rapidly developing city of Almaty, Kazakhstan, rates of hepatitis A have fallen, but no data on prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) exist with which to interpret incidence data. In the autumn of 2001, we determined the anti-HAV prevalence among household and school contacts of hepatitis A cases. For contacts aged 0–4 years, 5–9 years, 10–14 years, 15–19 years, or 20–30 years, immune prevalences were 9, 12, 33, 33 and 77% respectively, among immediate-family household contacts and 15, 28, 49, 52 and 77% respectively, among community contacts. Child community contacts were more likely to be immune than their immediate-family household counterparts (odds ratio 2·0, 95% confidence interval 1·3–3·2). Almaty is experiencing an epidemiological shift in hepatitis A incidence. Feasible and effective prevention strategies using hepatitis A vaccine should be explored.

Type
Research Article
Information
Epidemiology & Infection , Volume 134 , Issue 3 , June 2006 , pp. 492 - 497
Copyright
2005 Cambridge University Press