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Effects of clonidine pre-treatment on bupivacaine and ropivacaine cardiotoxicity in rats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2004

S. Gulec ,
Y. Aydin ,
K. Uzuner ,
B. Yelken  and
Y. Senturk
S. Gulec
Affiliation:
Osmangazi University Medical School, Department of Anaesthesiology, Eskisehir, Turkey
Y. Aydin
Affiliation:
Osmangazi University Medical School, Department of Physiology, Eskisehir, Turkey
K. Uzuner
Affiliation:
Osmangazi University Medical School, Department of Physiology, Eskisehir, Turkey
B. Yelken
Affiliation:
Osmangazi University Medical School, Department of Anaesthesiology, Eskisehir, Turkey
Y. Senturk
Affiliation:
Osmangazi University Medical School, Department of Anaesthesiology, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Abstract

Summary

Background and objective: Clonidine has cardiac and systemic effects that can modify the potentially lethal cardiovascular effects of local anaesthetics. We evaluated the effects of clonidine pre-treatment on cardiotoxicity induced by an infusion of bupivacaine or ropivacaine and the success rate of resuscitation in anaesthetized rats.

Methods: Thirty-two Sprague–Dawley rats (250–300 g) were anaesthetized with thiopental and ketamine. Lung ventilation was maintained mechanically, and the electrocardiograph and invasive blood pressure were recorded continuously. Two separate groups of rats were treated with intravenous clonidine 5 μg kg−1 (n = 16) or saline (n = 16) in a randomized fashion. Fifteen minutes later, each group was randomly subdivided into two equal groups and an infusion of bupivacaine or ropivacaine, 3 mg kg−1 min−1, was given until cardiac arrest (asystole) occurred. The times when the cardiotoxic events (25%, 50% and 75% reduction of arterial pressure and heart rate, first dysrhythmia and asystole, respectively), induced by the local anaesthetic, occurred and the resuscitation outcome scores were recorded.

Results: Clonidine reduced heart rate and arterial pressure (P < 0.01). Clonidine did not alter cardiotoxicity or the success rate of resuscitation in bupivacaine-treated rats. In the ropivacaine group, clonidine increased the 25%, 50% and 75% reduction times of arterial pressure and the 50% and 75% reduction times of heart rate, times to first dysrhythmia and asystole (P < 0.05). Clonidine also increased the success rate of resuscitation in ropivacaine-treated rats (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Although pre-treatment with clonidine protects the effects of ropivacaine cardiotoxicity and increases the success rate of resuscitation, it does not affect bupivacaine toxicity.

Keywords

LOCAL ANAESTHETICS, bupivacaine, ropivacaineCARDIOVASCULAR AGENTS, clonidineDRUG TOXICITY
Type
Original Article
Information
European Journal of Anaesthesiology , Volume 21 , Issue 3 , March 2004 , pp. 205 - 209
Copyright
2004 European Society of Anaesthesiology

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