Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-m9kch Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-29T04:34:25.528Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Los efectos de las sustancias psicoactivas y los neurolépticos sobre el lenguaje en sujetos normales y pacientes esquizofrénicos: una revisión

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

F. Salomé ,
P. Boyer  and
M. Fayol
F. Salomé
Affiliation:
CNRS UMR 7593, Hospital de la Pitié-Salpétriére, 47, Boulevard de l'hôpital, 75651París, Francia
P. Boyer
Affiliation:
CNRS UMR 7593, Hospital de la Pitié-Salpétriére, 47, Boulevard de l'hôpital, 75651París, Francia
M. Fayol
Affiliation:
LAPSCO/CNRS, Université Blaise Pascal, 34 Avenue Carnot, 63037Clermont-Ferrand, Francia
Get access

Resumen

El propósito de este estudio es presentar una visión general de la investigación en psicofarmacología con respecto a los efectos de diferentes sustancias psicoactivas y neurolépticos (NL) sobre el lenguaje en sujetos normales y pacientes esquizofrénicos. Se revisan dieciocho estudios que han investigado los efectos a este respecto de sustancias psicoactivas (alcohol, anfetaminas, secobarbital, L-dopa, psilocibina, ketamina, fenfluramina) y neurolépticos (convencionales y atípicos) diferentes. No hay estudios acerca de los efectos de los neurolépticos sobre el lenguaje en los sujetos sanos. Los resultados obtenidos con otras moléculas indican que la producción del lenguaje puede aumentar (alcohol, anfetamina, secobarbital), hacerse más compleja (d-anfetamina), más enfocada (L-dopa) o más desenfocada (psilocibina) y deteriorate claramente (ketamina). Para los pacientes esquizofrénicos, la mayoría de los estudios muestra que los tratamientos neurolépticos convencionales en dosis terapéuticas y en modo breve o prolongado, reducen los trastornos del lenguaje en todos los niveles (clínico, linguistico, psicolingüístico). Los NL cIásicos, cuando se administran en dosis moderadas y de modo prolongado en unión con otras moléculas, modifican el lenguaje en la esquizofrenia, mejorando la fluidez verbal y reduciendo las pausas y el trastorno positivo de pensamiento (NL+ anfetamina), o induciendo un deterioro en las medidas de lenguaje (NL+ fenfluramina). Se debaten consideraciones clínicas, metodológicas y teóricas de los resultados en el marco de los trastornos de lenguaje de los esquizofrénicos.

Keywords

lenguajeneurolépticospsicofármacosesquizofreniahablatrastorno del pensamiento
Type
Artículo original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 8 , Issue 2 , March 2001 , pp. 107 - 116

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBUOGRAFÍA

Abu-Akel, A. A study of cohesive patterns and dynamic choices utilized by two schizophrenic patients in dialog, pre- and post medications. Lang Speech 1997; 40: 331–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adler, CGoldberg, TMalhotra, APickar, DBreier, A. Effects of ketamine on thought disorder, working memory, and semantic memory in healthy volunteers. Biol Psychiatry 1998; 43: 811–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adler, CMalhotra, AElman, IGoldberg, TEgan, MPickar, D, et al. Comparison of ketamine-induced thought disorder in healthy volunteers and thought disorder in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156: 1646–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allen, HLiddle, PFrith, C. Negative features, retrieval processes and verbal fluency in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 1993; 163: 769–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alpert, MPouget, ESoilson, CYahia, MAlian, E. Clinical and acoustic measures of the negative syndrome. Psychopharmacol Bull 1995; 31: 321–6.Google ScholarPubMed
Amand, AWales, RJackson, HVCopolov, DL. Linguistic impairment in early psychosis. J Nerv Ment Dis 1994; 182: 488–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andreasen, N. Thought, language and communication disorder. 1: Clinical assessment, definition of terms and evaluation of reliability. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979; 36: 1315–21.Google Scholar
Andreasen, N. Thought, language and communication disorder. 2: Diagnostic signifiance. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979b; 36: 1325–30.Google Scholar
Barch, DCárter, CBraver, TCohén, J. The effects of d-am-phetamine on working memory and language déficits in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 1997; 24: 1–2 129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bilder, RLieberman, JKim, YAlvir, JReiter, G.Methylphenidate and neuroleptic effects on oral word production in schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 1992; 5: 262–71.Google Scholar
Bleuler, E. Dementia praecox ou groupe des schizophrenies. París: EPEL, GREC; 1993.Google Scholar
Cassens, GInglis, AAppelbaum, PGutheil, T. Neuroleptics: effects on neuropsychological function in chronic schizophrenic patients. Schizophr Bull 1990; 16: 477–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chaika, E. Understanding psychotic speech: beyond Freud and Chomsky. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas; 1990.Google Scholar
Clark, AHarvey, PAlpert, M. Medication effects on referent communication in schizophrenic patients. Brain Lang 1994; 46: 392–401.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohén, JServan-Schreiber, DTarg, ESpiegel, D. The fabric of thought disorder: a cognitive neuroscience approach to disturbances in the processing of context in schizophrenia. In: Stein, DYoung, J, Eds. New York: Academic Press; 1992.Google Scholar
Condray, RVan, Kammen DSteinhauer, SKaspareck, AYao, J. Language comprehension in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 1995; 38: 287–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corcoran, R, Frith Conversational conduct and the symptoms of schizophrenia. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 1996; 1: 305–18.Google Scholar
Davidson, MKeefe, R. Cognitive impairment as a target for pharmacological treatment in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 1995; 17: 123–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gold, JHurt, S. The effects of haloperidol on thought disorder and IQ in schizophrenia. J Pers Assess 1990; 54: 390–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldberg, TWeinberger, D. Thought disorder, working memory and attention: interrelationships and the effects of neuroleptic medications. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1995; 10 Suppl 3: 99–104.Google ScholarPubMed
Goldberg, TWeinberger, D. Effects of neuroleptic medications on the cognition of patients with schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 1996; 57 Suppl 9: 62–5.Google ScholarPubMed
Goldberg, TWeinberger, D. Thought disorder in schizophrenia: a reappraisal of older formulations and overview of some recent studies. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2000; 5: 1–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldsmith, SJoyce, S. Dopamine D2 receptors are organized in bands in human temporal cortex. Neuroscience 1996; 74: 435–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gottschalk, L. The application of computerized measurement of the contení analysis of natural language to the assessment of the effects of psychoactive drugs. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 1999; 21: 133–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goren, ASwindell, CKhan, A. Expressive language characteristics of schizophrenic subjects with different medication histories. J Neuroling 1992; 7: 67–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, JKing, D. Cognitive functioning in schizophrenia: effects of drug treatments. CNS Drugs 1996; 6: 382–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Higgins, SStitzer, M. Effects of alcohol on speaking in isolated humans. Psychopharmacology 1988; 95: 189–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Higgins, SStitzer, M. Monologue speech: effects of d-am-phetamine, secobarbital and diazepam. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1989; 34: 609–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffman, RStopeck, SAndreasen, N. A comparative study of manic vs schizophrenic speech disorganization. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986; 43: 831–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hymowitz, PSpohn, H. The effects of antipsychotic medication on the linguistic ability of schizophrenics. J Nerv Ment Dis 1980; 168: 287–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnston, HHolzman, P. Assessing schizophrenic thinking. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 1979.Google Scholar
King, DJ. The effect of neuroleptics on cognitive and psychomotor function. Br J Psychiatry 1990; 157: 799–811.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kischka, UKammer, TMaier, SWeisbrod, MThimm, MSpitzer, M. Dopaminergic modulation of semantic network activation. Neuropsychologia 1996; 34: 1107–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lathi, AHolcomb, HGao, XTamminga, C. NMDA-sensiti-ve glutamate antagonism: a human model for psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacology 1999; 21 Suppl 6: 158–69.Google Scholar
Levy, DSmith, MRobinson, DJody, DLeiner, GAlvir, J, et al. Methylphenidate increases thought disorder in recent onset schizophrenics, but not in normal controls. Biol Psychiatry 1993; 34: 507–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Manschreck, TMaher, BMilavetz, JAnes, DWeisstein, CSchneyer, M. Semantic priming in thought disordered schizophrenic patients. Schizophr Res 1988; 1: 61–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Medalia, AGold, JMeniam, A. The effects of neuroleptics on neuropsychological test results of schizophrenia. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 1988; 3: 249–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meltzer, HThompson, PLee, MRanjan, R. Neuropsychologic déficits in schizophrenia: relation to social function and effect of antipsychotic drug treatment. Neuropsycho-pharmacology 1996; 14 Suppl 3: 27–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meltzer, HMcGurk, S. The effects of clozapine, risperidone and olanzapine on cognitive function in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1999; 25: 233–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mortimer, A. Cognitive function in schizophrenia - do neuroleptics make a difference? Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1997; 56: 789–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Price, C. The functional anatomy of word comprehension and production. Trends Cogn Sci (2) 1998: 281–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rochester, SMartín, J. Crazy talk: a study of the schizophrenic speakers. New York: Plenum Press; 1979.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salamé, PDanion, JPeretti, SCuervo, C. The state of functioning of working memory in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 1998; 30: 11–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salomé, FBoyer, P. Planification et valence affective dans la production discursive de patients schizophrénes. Ann Méd-Psychol 1999; 157: 743–8.Google Scholar
Servan-Schreiber, DCohén, J. Stroop task, language and neuromodulation: models of cognitive déficits in schizophrenia. In: Parks, R, et al, Eds. Fundamentals of neural network modeling: neuropsychology and cognitive neu-roscience. Cambridge: MIT Press; 1998. p. 192–208.Google Scholar
Sharma, TMockler, D. The cognitive efficacy of atypical antipsychotics in schizophrenia. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1998; 18 Suppl 1: 12–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soper, HElliott, RRezzer, AMarshall, B. Effects of fenfluramine on neuropsychological and communicative functioning in treatment-refractory schizophrenic patients. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1990; 10: 168–75.Google ScholarPubMed
Spitzer, MThimm, MHermle, LHolzmann, PKovar, KAHeimann, H, et al. Increased activation of indirect semantic associations under psilocybin. Biol Psychiatry 1996; 39: 1055–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spitzer, M. A cognitive neuroscience view of schizophrenic thought disorder. Schizophr Bull 1997; 23: 29–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spohn, HCoyne, LLarson, JMittleman, FSpray, JHayes, K. Episodio and residual thought pathology in chronic schizophrenia: effects of neuroleptics. Schizophr Bull 1986; 12: 394–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spohn, HStrauss, M. Relation of neuroleptic and anticholinergic medication to cognitive functions in schizophrenia. J Abnorm Psychol 1989; 98: 367–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, PLeudar, INapier, EKearney, GEllis, ERing, N, et al. Syntactic complexity and negative symptoms in first onset schizophrenia. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 1996; 1: 191–200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed