Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-05T15:49:39.427Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A new species of the side-necked turtle Foxemys (Pelomedusoides: Bothremydidae) from the Late Cretaceous of Hungary and the historical biogeography of the Bothremydini

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 November 2011

MÁRTON RABI*
Affiliation:
Department of Palaeontology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
HAIYAN TONG
Affiliation:
30 Rue Carnot, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
GÁBOR BOTFALVAI
Affiliation:
Department of Palaeontology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
*
Author for correspondence: iszkenderun@gmail.com

Abstract

The continental deposits of the Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) Csehbánya Formation of the Bakony Mountains in Hungary yielded abundant remains of a bothremydid side-necked turtle, which are attributed to a new species of the genus Foxemys, Foxemys trabanti. F. trabanti shows strong affinities with the European monophyletic group Foxemydina owing to the absence of pits in the upper and lower triturating surfaces, the exclusion of the jugal from the triturating surface, the separation of the Eustachian tube and the stapes by a narrow fissure, the presence of deep and narrow fossa pterygoidei, the partially closed foramen jugulare posterius and the pentagonal shape of the basisphenoid in ventral view. Among the Foxemydina the bothremydid from Iharkút is more closely related to F. mechinorum than to Polysternon provinciale from the Early Campanian of France, mainly because of the position of the occipital condyle relative to the mandibular condyles of the quadrate. The new remains represent the only record of the Foxemydina outside of Western Europe and provide the earliest known occurrence of this endemic, freshwater group in the former Mediterranean Basin. The historical biogeography of the tribe Bothremydini is investigated and a hypothesis of migration from Africa to North America via the high-latitude Thulean route is put forward.

Type
Original Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Antunes, M. T. & Broin, F. de 1988. Le Crétacé terminal de Beira Litoral, Portugal: remarques stratigraphiques et écologiques, étude complémentaire de Rosasia soutoi (Chelonii, Bothremydidae). Ciências da Terra 9, 153200.Google Scholar
Baur, G. 1891. Notes on some little known American fossil tortoises. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 43, 411–30.Google Scholar
Brinkman, D. & Tarduno, J. A. 2005. A Late Cretaceous (Turonian-Coniacian) high latitude turtle assemblage from the Canadian Arctic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 42, 2073–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broin, F. de. 1988. Les tortues et le Gondwana. Examen des rapports entre le fractionnement du Gondwana au Crétacé et la dispersion géographique des tortues pleurodires à partir du Crétacé. Studia Salmanticensia, Studia Palaeocheloniologica 2 (5), 103–42.Google Scholar
Carrington da Costa, J. 1940. Um novo quelónio fossil. Communicações dos Serviços Geológicos de Portugal 21, 107–25.Google Scholar
Cope, E. D. 1864. On the limits and relations of the Raniformes. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 16, 181–3.Google Scholar
Cope, E. D. 1868. On the origin of genera. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 20, 242300.Google Scholar
Gaffney, E. S., Hooks, G. E. III., & Schneider, V. P. 2009. New material of North American side-neck turtles (Pleurodira: Bothremydidae). American Museum Novitates 3655, 126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaffney, E. S. & Meylan, P. A. 1992. The Transylvanian turtle, Kallokibotion, a primitive cryptodire of Cretaceous age. American Museum Novitates 3040, 137.Google Scholar
Gaffney, E. S., Tong, H. & Meylan, P. A. 2006. Evolution of the side-necked turtles: the families Bothremydidae, Euraxemydidae, and Araripemydidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 300, 1698.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaffney, E. S. & Zangerl, R. 1968. A revison of the chelonian genus Bothremys (Pleurodira: Pelomedusidae). Fieldiana: Geology 16, 193239.Google Scholar
Haas, G. 1978 a. A Cretaceous pleurodire turtle from the surroundings of Jerusalem. Israel Journal of Zoology 27, 2033.Google Scholar
Haas, G. 1978 b. A new turtle of the genus Podocnemis from the lower Cenomanian of ‘Ein Yabrud. Israel Journal of Zoology 27, 169–75.Google Scholar
Hirayama, R., Brinkman, D. B & Danilov, I. 2000. Distribution and biogeography of non-marine Cretaceous turtles. Russian Journal of Herpetology 7 (3), 181–98.Google Scholar
Knauer, J. & Siegl-Farkas, Á. 1992. Palynostratigraphic position of the Senonian beds overlaying the Upper Cretaceous bauxit formations of the Bakony Mts. In Annual Report of the Hungarian Geological Institute of 1990, 463–71.Google Scholar
Lapparent de Broin, F. 2000. African chelonians from the Jurassic to the present: phases of development and preliminary catalogue of the fossil record. Palaeontologia Africana 36, 4382.Google Scholar
Lapparent de Broin, F. 2001. The European turtle fauna from the Triassic to the Present. Dumerilia 4 (3), 155216.Google Scholar
Lapparent de Broin, F. & Murelaga, X. 1996. Une nouvelle faune de chéloniens dans le Crétacé Supérieur européen. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris, serie IIa 323, 729–35.Google Scholar
Lapparent de Broin, F. & Murelaga, X. 1999. Turtles from Upper Cretaceous of Lano (Iberian Peninsula). Estudios del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Alava 14 (1), 135212.Google Scholar
Lapparent de Broin, F. & Werner, C. 1998. New Late Cretaceous turtles from the Western Desert, Egypt. Annales de Paleontologie 84 (2), 131214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larson, D. W. & Brinkman, D. B. 2009. New specimens of family Solemydidae (Testudines: Pancryptodira) from Canada. Gaffney Turtle Symposium, Abstract Volume (ed. Braman, D. R.), pp. 98–9. Drumheller: Royal Tyrell Museum.Google Scholar
Laurent, Y., Tong, H. & Claude, J. 2002. New side-necked turtle (Pleurodira: Bothremydidae) from the Upper Maastrichtian of the Petites-Pyrénées (Haute-Garonne, France). Cretaceous Research 23, 465–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leidy, J. 1865. Memoir on the extinct reptiles of the Cretaceous formations of the United States. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge 14 (6), 1135.Google Scholar
Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae, 10th ed., volume 1. Stockholm, 824 pp.Google Scholar
Makádi, L., Botfalvai, G. & Ősi, A. 2006. Late Cretaceous continental vertebrate fauna from the Bakony Mts. I: fishes, amphibians, turtles, lizards. Földtani Közlöny 136 (4), 487502. (in Hungarian)Google Scholar
Martin, J. E., Case, J. A., Jagt, J. W. M., Schulp, A. S. & Mulder, E. W. A. 2005. A new European marsupial indicates a Late Cretaceous high-latitude Transatlantic dispersal route. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 12, 495511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matheron, P. 1869. Notice sur les reptiles fossiles des dé pots fluvio-lacustres crétacés du bassin à lignite de Fuveau. Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences, Belle-Lettres et Arts de Marseille, 1–39.Google Scholar
Milner, A. R. 2004. The turtles of the Purbeck Limestone Group of Dorset, Southern England. Palaeontology 47, 1441–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nopcsa, F. 1931. Sur des nouveaux restes de tortues du Danien du Midi de la France. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, serie 5, 1 (3–4), 223–36.Google Scholar
Ősi, A. & Mindszenty, A. 2009. Iharkút, Dinosaur-bearing alluvial complex of the Csehbánya Formation. In Cretaceous Sediments of the Transdanubian Range. Field guide of the geological excursion organized by the Sedimentological Subcommission of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Hungarian Geological Society (ed Babinszky, E.), pp. 5163. Budapest.Google Scholar
Ősi, A. & Rabi, M. 2006. The Late Cretaceous continental vertebrate fauna from the Bakony Mountains II: crocodiles, dinosaurs (Theropoda, Aves, Ornithischia), pterosaurs. Földtani Közlöny, 136 (4), 503–26 (in Hungarian).Google Scholar
Parrish, J. M., Parrish, J. T., Hutchison, J. H. & Spicer, R. A. 1987. Late Cretaceous vertebrate fossils from the North Slope of Alaska and implications for dinosaur ecology. Palaios 2, 377–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanmartin, I., Enghoff, H. & Ronquist, F. 2001. Patterns of animal dispersal, vicariance, and diversification in the Holarctic. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 73, 345–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swofford, D. L. 2001. PAUP*, phylogenetic analysis using parsimony, version 4.0b10. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
Szalai, E. 2005. Paleomagnetic Studies in Iharkút. Manuscript, Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Environmental Geology (in Hungarian).Google Scholar
Szentesi, Z. & Venczel, M. 2009. An advanced anuran from the Late Cretaceous (Santonian) of Hungary. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 256 (3), 291302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarduno, J. A., Brinkman, D., Renne, P. R., Cottrell, R. D., Scher, H. & Castillo, P. 1998. Evidence for extreme climatic warmth from Late Cretaceous arctic vertebrates. Science 282, 2241–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tong, H., & Gaffney, E. S. 2000. Description of the skull of Polysternon provinciale (Matheron, 1869), a side-necked turtle (Pelomedusoides: Bothremydidae) from the Late Cretaceous of Villeveyrac, France. Oryctos 3, 918.Google Scholar
Tong, H., Gaffney, E. S. & Buffetaut, E. 1998. Foxemys, a new side-necked turtle (Bothremydidae: Pelomedusoides) from the Late Cretaceous of France. American Museum Novitates 3251, 119.Google Scholar
Tuba, Gy., Kiss, P., Pósfai, M. & Mindszenty, A. 2006. Preliminary data on the diagenesis of Cretaceous dinosaur bones from the Bakony Mts., Hungary. Földtani Közlöny 136 (1), 124. (in Hungarian).Google Scholar
Vandermark, D., Tarduno, J. A., Brinkman, D. B., Cottrell, R. D. & Mason, S. 2009. New Late Cretaceous macrobaenid turtle with Asian affinities from the High Canadian Arctic. Geology 37, 183–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vremir, M. & Codrea, V. 2009. Late Cretaceous turtle diversity in Transylvanian and Hateg basins (Romania). In 7th International Symposium of Paleontology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Abstract Volume, pp. 122–4.Google Scholar
Zalmout, I. S., Mustafa, H. A. & Wilson, J. A. 2005. Karkaemys arabicus, a new side-necked turtle (Pleurodira, Bothremydidae) from the Upper Cretaceous Wadi Umm Ghudran Formation of Karak, Jordan. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology of the University of Michigan 31 (6), 155–77.Google Scholar