Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-nr4z6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-03T22:04:44.925Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Early diagenetic bedded cherts of the Tuscan sequence (Miocene) near Città di Castello, Italy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

N. Molenaar
Affiliation:
Institute of Earth Sciences, Budapestlaan 4, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
A. J. De Feyter
Affiliation:
Institute of Earth Sciences, Budapestlaan 4, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Abstract

Summary. A distinctive level of bedded, internally laminated, deep-sea cherts in the area west of Città di Castello, central Apennins, has been studied. These cherts form part of the Lower Miocene Monte Santa Maria Tiberina Formation, and belong to the Tuscan sequence, consisting of pelagic and turbidic sediments. The sediment is enriched in diatoms and Radiolaria. The diatoms provided silica as well as barium, now present as submicroscopical baryte concretions. Synsedimentary volcanism could have provided silica as well, through calcitization of volcanic fragments within the sediment. Since the laminations display early diagenetic microdeformations,. it can be concluded that the cherts themselves are an early diagenetic feature.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1983

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Aiello, E. 1975. Le arenarie dell' Aveto, di Petrignacola e di M. Senario (Appennino settentrionale). Osservazioni sedimentologiche e petrografiche. Boll. Soc. geol. ital. 94, 797825.Google Scholar
Ardanese, L. R. & Grandi, L. 1977. Caratteri sedimentologici, mineralogici e chimici di una serie del “Bisciaro” (Miocene Inferiore e Medio-Appennino Centrale). Boll. Serv. geol. Ital. 98, 360.Google Scholar
Berger, W. H. & Rad, U. von. 1972. Cretaceous and Cenozoic sediments from the Atlantic Ocean. In Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, vol. 14 (Pymm, A. C.), pp. 787954. Washington: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Bramlette, M. N. 1946. The Monterey Formation of California and the origin of its siliceous rocks. Prof Pap. U.S. geol. Surv. 212, 57.Google Scholar
Brongersma-Sanders, M. 1966. Barium in pelagic sediments and in diatoms. Oceanography, 4, 93–9.Google Scholar
Brongersma-Sanders, M., Stephan, K. M., Kwee, T. G. & Bruin, M. de. 1980. Distribution of minor elements in cores from the south-west Africa shelf with notes on plankton and fish mortality. Mar. Geol. 37, 91132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calvert, S. E. 1964. Factors affecting distribution of laminated diatomaceous sediments in Gulf of California. In Marine geology of the Gulf of California (ed. van Andel, T. H. and Shor, G. G.), pp. 311330. Mem. Am. Ass. Petrol. Geol. 3.Google Scholar
Calvert, S. E. 1966. Accumulation of diatomaceous silica in the sediments of the Gulf of California. Bull. geol. Soc. Am. 77, 569–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chow, T. J. & Goldberg, E. D. 1960. On the marine geochemistry of barium. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 20, 192–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cita, M. B., Follieri, M., Longinelli, A., Mazzei, R., D'Onofrio, S. & Bossio, S. 1978. Revisione di alcuni pozzi profondi della Pianura Padana nel quadro del significato geodinamico della crisi di salinità del messiniano. Boll. Soc. geol. ital. 97, 297316.Google Scholar
Didon, J., Fernex, F., Lorenz, C., Magné, J. & Peyre, Y. 1969. Sur un niveau remarquable de silexite dans le Néogène inférieur d'Espagne méridionale et d'Italie du nord. Bull. Soc. géol. France 11, 841–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fazzini, P. 1959. Brevi cenni sui terreni sovrascorsi sulla serie umbra nell'Umbria nord-occidentale. Boll. Soc. geol. ital. 78, 232–42.Google Scholar
Feyter, A. J. de. 1982. The structure of the Northern Umbrian Apennines, Italy. Geol. Mijnb. 61, 183–9.Google Scholar
Flörke, D. W. & Jones, J. B. 1975. Opal-CT crystals. Neues Jb. Miner. Mh. 8, 369–77.Google Scholar
Guerrera, F. 1977. Geologia del Bisciaro dei Monti della Cesana (Urbino). Giorn. Geol. S.2, 42, 109–32.Google Scholar
Heath, G. R. & Moberly, R. 1971. Cherts from the western Pacific leg 7. In Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, vol. 7 (Winterer, E. L. et al.), pp. 9911007. Washington: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Hein, J. R., Scholl, D. W., Barron, J. A., Jones, M. G. & Miller, J. 1978. Diagenesis of late Cenozoic diatomaceous deposits and formation of the bottom simulating reflector in the southern Bering Sea. Sedimentology 25, 155–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hermes, J. J. & Smit, J. 1976. New data on “Silexites” of the west Mediterranean area. Proc. Koninkl. Nederlandse Akad. Wetensch. (Serie B) 79, 114–22.Google Scholar
Hurd, D. C. 1972. Factors affecting solution rate of biogenic opal in seawater. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 15, 411–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kastner, M., Keene, J. B. & Gieskes, J. M. 1977. Diagenesis of siliceous oozes. I: Chemical controls on the rate of opal-A to opal-CT transformation-an experimental study. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 41, 1041–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lancelot, Y. 1973. Chert and silica diagenesis in sediments from the central Pacific. In Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, vol. 17 (Winterer, E. L., Ewing, J. L. et al.), pp. 377405. Washington: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Marrocu, R. & Pirini, C. 1961. Nota micropaleontologica della serie di Monte Acuto (Perugia). Boll. Soc. geol. ital. 80, 155–70.Google Scholar
Mezzetti, R. 1969. Studio petrografico di cineri vulcaniche appenniniche I: Le intercalazioni langhiane dell'Emilia e delle Marche. Miner. Petrogr. Acta 15, 934.Google Scholar
Mezzetti, R. & Olivieri, R. 1964. Intercalazioni cineritiche di età oligocenica e miocenica nell'Appennino centro-settentrionale. Osservazioni sedimentologiche, petrografiche e microstratigrafiche. Miner. Petrogr. Acta 10, 129–47.Google Scholar
Micarelli, A. 1969. Studio micropaleontologica e stratigrafico di alcune serie mioceniche affioranti tra il F. Tevere e la catena del M. Nerone. Memorie Soc. geol. ital. 8, 273–87.Google Scholar
Nocchi, M. 1961. Sui rapporti fra la serie toscana e la serie umbra a sud di M. Acuto e di M. Filoncio (Perugia). Boll. Soc. geol. ital. 80, 181246.Google Scholar
Nocchi, M. & Catinelli, A. 1964. Cenni sulla stratigrafia della serie toscana e della serie umbra nell'alta Val Tiberina. Boll. Soc. geol. ital. 83, 525–42.Google Scholar
O'Brien, N. R., Nakazawa, K. & Tokuhashi, S. 1980. Use of clay fabric to distinguish turbiditic and hemipelagic siltstones and silts. Sedimentology 27, 4761.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pederson, K. 1981. Anoxic events during sedimentation of a pelagic diatomite in the mark. Sedimentology 28, 487504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pisciotto, K. A. 1981: Diagenetic trends in the siliceous facies of the Monterey shales in the Santa Maria region, California. Sedimentology 28, 547–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rad, U. von & Rösch, H. 1974. Petrography and diagenesis of deep-sea cherts from the central Atlantic. In Pelagic Sediments: on Land and under the Sea (ed. Hsü, K. J. and Jenkyns, H. C.), pp. 327–47. Spec. Publ. int. Ass. Sediment. 1.Google Scholar
Sagri, M. 1973. Sedimentazione torbiditica nell'Appennino settentrionale: velocità di accumulo, litologia, morfologia del fondo. Boll. Soc. geol. ital. 92, 233–72.Google Scholar
Schlanger, S. O. & Douglas, R. G. 1974. The pelagic ooze-chalk-limestone transition and its implictions for marine stratigraphy. In Pelagic Sediments: on Land and under the Sea (ed. Hsü, K. J. and Jenkyns, H. C.), pp. 117–48. Spec. Publ. int. Ass. Sediment. 1.Google Scholar
Schlanger, S. O. & Jenkyns, H. C. 1976. Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events: causes and consequences. Geol. Mijnb. 55, 179–84.Google Scholar
Selli, R. 1948. Una sabbia vulcanica Oligocenica nel Subappennino Bolognese. Rendic. Lincei Sci. Fis. Mat. e Nat. 4, 8893.Google Scholar
Steinberg, M. 1981. Biosiliceous sedimentation, radiolarite periods and silica budget fluctuations. Oceanologica et Acta, suppl. au vol. 4, 149–54.Google Scholar
Thiede, J. & Andel, T. H. van. 1976. The paleoenvironment of anaerobic sediments in the late Mesozoic south Atlantic ocean. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 33, 301–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wedepohl, K. H. (Ed.) 1978. Handbook of Geochemistry, vol. 2, 3 and II, 4. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer Verlag.Google Scholar
Wise, S. W. & Weaver, F. M. 1974. Chertification of oceanic sediments. In Pelagic Sediments: on Land and under the Sea (ed. Hsü, K. J. and Jenkyns, H. C.), pp. 301–26. Spec. Publ. int. Ass. Sediment. 1.Google Scholar