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Petrogenesis and metallogenesis of the Qieganbulake carbonatite-related phosphate deposit associated with the mafic–ultramafic–carbonatite complex in the Kuluketage block, northeastern Tarim Craton

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 January 2023

Wei Chen Open the ORCID record for Wei Chen [Opens in a new window] ,
Xinbiao Lü ,
Qian Yuan ,
Changsheng Huang ,
Xiang Gao ,
Youyue Lu  and
Xiaofeng Cao
Wei Chen
Affiliation:
Wuhan Centre of Geological Survey CGS, Wuhan 430205, China Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
Xinbiao Lü
Affiliation:
Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
Qian Yuan
Affiliation:
Arizona State University, School of Earth and Space Exploration, PO Box 876004, Tempe, AZ 85287-6004, USA
Changsheng Huang
Affiliation:
Wuhan Centre of Geological Survey CGS, Wuhan 430205, China
Xiang Gao
Affiliation:
Guangxi Geological Exploration Institute of China Metallurgical Geology Bureau, Nanning 530022, China
Youyue Lu
Affiliation:
Wuhan Centre of Geological Survey CGS, Wuhan 430205, China
Xiaofeng Cao*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
*
Author for correspondence: Xiaofeng Cao, Emails: cshuang@cug.edu.cn, cao079@qq.com
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Abstract

The Qieganbulake deposit associated with a mafic–ultramafic–carbonatite complex in the Kuluketage block is not only the world’s second-largest vermiculite deposit, but also a medium-size carbonatite-related phosphate deposit. Field observations, radiometric dating results and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes reveal that the parental magmas of the carbonatite and mafic–ultramafic rocks are cogenetic and formed synchronously at c. 810 Ma. Geochemical characteristics and Sr–Nd–Hf–S isotopes ((87Sr/86Sr)i = 0.70581–0.70710; ϵNd(t) = −0.20 to −11.80; ϵHf(t) = −7.5 to −10.3; δ34S = +0.7 ‰ to +3.0 ‰ (some sulfides with high δ34S values (+3.2 to +6.6) were formed by late hydrothermal sulfur)), in combination with mineral compositions and previous research, strongly indicate that the Qieganbulake mafic–ultramafic–carbonatite complex formed via extensive crystal fractionation/cumulation and liquid immiscibility of a carbonated tholeiitic magma, possibly derived from partial melting of an enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle previously modified by slab-released fluids and sediment input in a continental rift setting. The coupled enriched Sr–Nd isotopic signatures, in combination with previous research, suggest that the enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle could have been metasomatized by asthenospheric mantle melts to different degrees. The Qieganbulake carbonatite-related phosphate ores were the products of normal fractional crystallization/cumulation of P–Fe3+ complex enriched carbonatite magma in high oxygen fugacity conditions, which was generated by liquid immiscibility of CO2–Fe–Ti–P-rich residual magma undergoing high differentiation.

Keywords

liquid immiscibilityfractional crystallizationphosphate oresmafic–ultramafic–carbonatite complexKuluketage blockTarim Craton
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 160 , Issue 4 , April 2023 , pp. 685 - 711
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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