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The effect of timing of oseltamivir chemoprophylaxis in controlling influenza A H3N2 outbreaks in long-term care facilities in Manitoba, Canada, 2014-2015: a retrospective cohort study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2018

Davinder Singh ,
Depeng Jiang ,
Paul Van Caeseele  and
Carla Loeppky
Davinder Singh*
Affiliation:
Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
Depeng Jiang
Affiliation:
Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
Paul Van Caeseele
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
Carla Loeppky
Affiliation:
Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
*
Author for correspondence: Dr Davinder Singh, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, S111-750 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3E 0W3. E-mail: umsing67@myumanitoba.ca
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Abstract

Objective

This study examined the effect of the timing of administration of oseltamivir chemoprophylaxis for the control of influenza A H3N2 outbreaks among residents in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in Manitoba, Canada, during the 2014–2015 influenza season.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted of all LTCF influenza A H3N2 outbreaks (n=94) using a hierarchical logistic regression analysis. The main independent variable was how many days passed between the start of the outbreak and commencement of oseltamivir chemoprophylaxis. The dependent variable was whether each person in the institution developed influenza-like illness (yes or no).

Results

Delay of oseltamivir chemoprophylaxis was associated with increased odds of infection in both univariate (t=5·41; df=51; P<·0001) and multivariable analyses (t=6·04; df=49; P<·0001) with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1·2–1·5) per day for influenza A H3N2.

Conclusions

The sooner chemoprophylaxis is initiated, the lower the odds of secondary infection with influenza in LTCFs during outbreaks caused by influenza A H3N2 in Manitoba. For every day that passed from the start of the outbreak to the initiation of oseltamivir, the odds of a resident at risk of infection in the facility developing symptomatic infection increased by 33%.

Type
Original Article
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 39 , Issue 8 , August 2018 , pp. 955 - 960
Copyright
© 2018 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. All rights reserved. 

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