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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 29 January 2009
The sixteenth century may be regarded as the “turning point” in the evolution of the murābiūṭūn tradition in the Maghrib.2 The crisis of Iberian imperialism in the Maghrib brought to the surface, by way of reaction, latent forces within the Maghribian social womb; the result was a social revolution which may be characterized as the “murabitun revolution” because of the rise to prominence of the murabitun in Maghribian society from the sixteenth century onward. Integral to the murabitun revolution was the religious ferment or renaissance generated by the anti-Christian reaction, a renaissance that was expressed in the effervescence of maraboutism, the characteristic Maghribian variety of oriental sufism.
1 Abdul, Hamid M. el-Zein, “Social Structure: A Critical Review [in Arabic],” The Egyptian Journal of Social Science, 18 (1962);Google ScholarZein, , “The Socioeconomic Emplications of the Water-wheel in Adandan, Nubia,” in Robert, A. Fernea, ed., Contemporary Egyptian Nubia, Vol. 2 (New Haven, 1966), pp. 298–322.Google Scholar
2 “Water and Land in a Nubian Village: A Study of Adendan,” M.A. thesis submitted to the Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Psychology, American University in Cairo, 1966.Google Scholar
3 Abdul, Hamid M. el-Zein, The Sacred Meadows: A Structural Analysis of Religious Symbolism in an East African Town (Evanston, 1974).Google Scholar
4 Ibid., p. 172.
5 Claude, Lévi-Strauss, Structural Anthropology (Garden City, 1967), p. 226.Google Scholar
6 Abdul, Hamid el-Zein, “Beyond Ideology and Theology: The Search for the Anthropology of Islam” Annual Review of Anthropology, 6 (1977), 227–254.Google Scholar
7 Ibid., p. 251.
8 Ibid., pp. 251–252.
9 Ibid., p. 252.
10 Ibid., p. 246.
11 Ibid., pp. 248–249.
