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Aspects of the ecology and epizootiological/epidemiological importance of Glossina species inhabiting a peridomestic agroecosystem in the Nsukka area, Anambra State, Nigeria

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

L. Chuka Madubunyi
L. Chuka Madubunyi
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Abstract

A Glossina community inhabiting a peridomestic agroecosystem encircling Orie-Orba in the Nsukka area was investigated with unbaited biconical traps for species composition, population characteristics and trypanosome infections. Only Glossina tachinoides Westwood and G. palpalis (Robineau–Desvoidy) were encountered, the former comprising over 99% of all 2877 tsetse caught. G. tachinoldes occurred at a weekly mean apparent density of 8.41 ± 0.98/trap which fluctuated in a manner characterized by decrease in the wet season and increase in the dry season. Traps caught males and females in equal proportions during the wet season but during the dry season males outnumbered females in the monthly trap catches. During either season, the female samples comprised mostly old flies. Pregnancy rate was high during both seasons and abortion was the only reproductive abnormality manifested. The size of mature eggs in utero varied in a manner suggesting the occurrence of nutritional stress during both seasons. Approximately 5% of 347 G. tachuinoides examined for trypanosomes were infected with procyclic trypanosomes only.

These observations, which have formed the basis of further investigations now in progress, are discussed in the light of earlier studies at this location and elsewhere, and in the context of certain peculiarities of intensively cropped agroecosystems.

Résumé

Nous avons examiné une communauté de glossines prises, à l'aide de filets bi-coniques sans appats, aux environs d'Orie-Orba, un agro-écosystème péridomestique près de Nsukka. Le but était d'en préciser la composition, les particularités et de voir s'il y aa des infections de trypanosome. Nous n'avons distinguée que les espèces dites Glossina tachinoides Westwood et G. palpalis(Robineau–Desvoidy). Les premières représent a ient 99% des 2.877 tsé-tsé prises. La moyenne hebdomadaire de la densité aparente des G. tachinoides était de 8,41 ± 0,98 par filet, caractérisée par une décroissance toute la saison des pluies, alors qu'elle allait en croissant pendant la saison sèche. La composition des prises, quant au sexe, était bien proportionnée pendant la saison des pluies, mais pendant la saison sèche, les males surpassaient en nombre les femelles dans les prises mensuelles. Les échantillons des femelles pendant les deux saisons consistaient pour la plupart en de vieilles mouches. Le taux de gestation s'est révélé élevé et l'avortemant a été la seule anomalie reproductive observée. Leurs oeufs in utero variaient en grosseur de façon à faire croire à un stress de nutrition pendant la saison pluviale ainsi que pendant la saison sèche. A peu près 5% des 347 G. tachinoides examinées n'étaient atteintes que de trypansomes procycliques.

Les observations, point de départ pour d'autres études en cours, nous les avons discutées à la lumière d'études précédentes faites dans cette région et ailleurs, aussi bien que dans le contexte de certaines particularités des agro-écosystèmes caractérisés par une cultivation ion intensive.

Keywords

Glossina spptsetseecologyepizootiological/epidemiological importanceperidomestic agroecosystemsNigeria
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 7 , Issue 4 , August 1986 , pp. 515 - 520
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1986

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