Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-dnltx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T21:40:15.882Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Pathogens of insect pests of rice: A bibliography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

M. C. Rombach
Affiliation:
Insect Pathology Resource Center, Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Tower Road, Ithaca, New York 14853 U.S.A
G. M. Rombach
Affiliation:
Insect Pathology Resource Center, Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Tower Road, Ithaca, New York 14853 U.S.A
D. W. Roberts
Affiliation:
Insect Pathology Resource Center, Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Tower Road, Ithaca, New York 14853 U.S.A
Get access

Abstract

This bibliography on diseases of insect pests of rice contains 287 references. Major groups of insect pathogens are briefly discussed. Available records on diseases, insect hosts and locations of collections are tabulated. Additionally, references are grouped by subject.

Résumé

Cette revue bibliographique présente 278 références relatives aux pathogènes des insectes nuisibles au riz. Les caractéristiques principales des différents groups sont résumées. Les données disponibles relatives aux pathogèns des insectes, les insectes hôtes et leur distribution géographique dans les zones rizicoles sont présentées sous forme de tableau. Un second tableau regroupe les références bibliographiques par sujet.

Type
Research Articles
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Aguda, R. M. (1983) Pathogenicity of different isolates of Beauveria bassiana on BPH, GLH and WBPH. Seminar, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines, August 25, 1983, pp. 8.Google Scholar
2.Aguda, R. M., Litsinger, J. A. and Roberts, D. W. (1984) Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana on brown planthopper (BPH), whitebacked planthopper (WBPH) and green leafhopper (GLH). Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 9, 20.Google Scholar
3.Aguda, R. M., Centino, D. B., Heinrichs, E. A. and Dyck, V. A. (1984) Fungicides to control green muscardine fungus, a disease of zig-zag leafhopper in rearing cages. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 9, 1415.Google Scholar
4.Aguda, R. M., Saxena, R. C., Litsinger, J. A. and Roberts, D. W. (1984) Inhibitory effects of insecticides on entomogenous fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 9, 1617.Google Scholar
5.Aguda, R. M., Dyck, V. A., Dulay, A. C., Pali, E. V., Roberts, D. W. and Soper, R. S. (1981) Microbial control of rice insect pests. Seminar, April 25, 1981, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines, p. 10.Google Scholar
6.Aizawa, K. (1966) Studies on the microbial control of insects. In Studies on the Biological Control of Insect Pests on Perenial Crops, p. 722. Publication of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Tokyo, Japan.Google Scholar
7.Aizawa, K. (1976) Recent developments in the production and utilization of microbial insecticides in Japan. In Proceedings of the 1st International Colloquim on Invertebrate Pathology and IXth Annual Meeting of the Society for Invertebrate Pathology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada, pp. 5963.Google Scholar
8.Aizawa, K. (1980) Microbial control of insect pests. In Rice Protection in Japan, Part II. Kobe, International Cooperation Agency 1980, pp. 9299.Google Scholar
9.Aizawa, K. (1982) Management of pathogens, pests and weeds through microorganisms, pp. 397–417. In Advances in Agricultural Microbiology (Edited by Rao, Subba). Butterworth Scientific, London.Google Scholar
10.Aizawa, K., Nakazato, Y. (1963) Diagnosis of diseases in insects: 1959–1962. Mushi 37, 155158.Google Scholar
11.Aizawa, K., Fujiyoshi, N., Ohba, M. and Yoshikawa, N. (1976) Selection and utilization of Bacillus thuringiensis strains for microbial control. Proceedings of the 1st International Congress of IAMS, Vol. II, pp. 597606 (Edited by T. Hasegawa). Science Council of Japan, Tokyo, Japan.Google Scholar
12.Alam, M. Z. (1962) Use of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner for the control of rice ear-cutting and swarming caterpillars in east Pakistan. Pak. J. Sci. Res. 14, 123129.Google Scholar
13.Albornoz, R. B. and Parada, O. T. (1984) Control de Sogatodes oryzicolus (Muir) con Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.). Sorok. Arroz (Bogota, Colombia) 33, 1217.Google Scholar
14. Anonymous (1973a) Annual Report for 1972. International Rice Research Institute (Los Baños).Google Scholar
15.Anonymous (1973b) The characterization and identification of the insect pathogen No. 010, Bacillus thuringiensis. Acta Ent. 16, 9193.Google Scholar
16.Anonymous (1973c) The use of viruses for the control of insect pests and disease vectors. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Insect Viruses. FAO Agricultural Studies 91, 148.Google Scholar
17.Anonymous (1974) Experiments on the integrated control of rice insect pests by parasitic wasps, bacteria and fungi. Acta Ent. Sinica 17, 120134.Google Scholar
18.Anonymous (1979a) Prospects for the biological control of rice hoppers. In Recent Trends in Rice Brown Planthopper Control. Proceedings of the Colloquim on the Rice Brown Planthopper, 24 June 1979. Commonwealth Institute of biological Control, India, pp. 1112.Google Scholar
19.Anonymous (1979b) Annual Report for 1978. International Rice Research Institute (Los Baños).Google Scholar
20.Anonymous (1979c) Natural enemies of injurious insects of rice in Qiyang County. Zhinn Badhu 4, 2629 (in Chinese).Google Scholar
21.Anonymous (1981a) Annual Report for 1980. International Rice Research Institute (Los Baños).Google Scholar
22.Anonymous (1981b) Effect of sunlight on the insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. tianmensis. Wei Shen Wu Hsueh Pao 8, 157159 (in Chinese, English abstr.).Google Scholar
23.Aoki, K. (1957) Insect pathology. Gihodo Publ., Tokyo p. 493 (in Japanese).Google Scholar
24.Balasubramanian, M. and Mariappan, V. (1983) Fungal pathogens of Nephotettix virescens Dist. and Nilaparvata lugens Stal. Intern. Rice Res. Newsl. 6, 1112.Google Scholar
25.Barray, S. and DeVauchelle, G. (1979) Etude des polypeptides des structure du virus iridescent de Chilo suppressalis (iridovirus type 6). Can. J. Microbiol. Ottawa 25, 841849.Google Scholar
26.Battu, G. S., Dilawari, V. K. and Bindra, O. S. (1978) Investigations on microbial infections of insect pests in the Punjab, India. II. Indian J. Ent. 39, 271280.Google Scholar
27.Bedding, R. A. (1984) Large scale production, storage and transport of the insect parasitic nematodes Neoaplectana spp. and Heterorhabditis spp. Ann. Appl. Biol. 104, 117120.Google Scholar
28.Bounias, M. and Guennelon, G. (1974) Action de la toxine du Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner sur le developpement de la pyrale du riz Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae; Crambinae). Rapp. Inst. Nat. Rech. Agron., C. Rech. Agron. Sud-Est, Montfavet, France. 8 + (10) pp. (in French).Google Scholar
29.Brader, L. (1979) Integrated pest control in the developing world. Ann. Rev. Ent. 24, 225254.Google Scholar
30.Brady, B. L. K. (1979) Beauveria bassiana. CMI (Commonw. Mycol. Inst.) Descr. Pathog. Fungi Bctd. 61, 602.Google Scholar
31.Brady, B. L. K. (1979) Entomophthora grylli. CMI (Commonw. Mycol. Inst.) Descr. Pathog. Fungi Bact. 61, 606.Google Scholar
32.Brady, B. L. K. (1979) Hirsutella citriformis. CMI (Commonw. Mycol. Inst.) Descr. Pathog. Fungi Bact. 61, 607.Google Scholar
33.Brady, B. L. K. (1979) Metarhizium flavoviride. CMI (Commonw. Mycol. Inst.) Descr. Path. Fungi Bact. 62, 622.Google Scholar
34.Brooks, J. C. (1979) Natural biological suppression agents of rice pests in the eastern plains of Colombia. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 4, 19.Google Scholar
35.Burges, H. D. (ed.) (1981) Microbial Control of Insect Pests and Plant Diseases, 1970–1980. Academic Press, London, NY.Google Scholar
36.Burges, H. D. and Hussey, N. W. (eds) (1971) Microbial Control of Insects and Mites. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
37.Burgess, S. (1977) Molecular weights of lepidopteran baculovirus DNAs: Derivation by electron microscopy. J. Gen. Virol. 37, 501510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38.Cadapan, E. P. and Sanchez, F. F. (1972) The biology on the true armyworm Pseudalatia separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) Philipp. Ent. 2, 217226.Google Scholar
39.Catadal, T. D. and Gabriel, B. P. (1970) Effect of chemical pesticides on the development of fungi pathogenic to some rice insects. Philipp. Ent. 1, 379395.Google Scholar
40.Chandra, G. (1978) Natural enemies of rice leafhoppers and planthoppers in the Philippines. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 3, 2021.Google Scholar
41.Chen, C. L., Cheng, L. L. and Hou, R. F. (1982) Studies on the intracellular yeast-like symbiotes in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal. II. Effects of antibiotics and elevated temperatures on the symbiotic and their host. Z. Angew. Ent. 92, 440449.Google Scholar
42.Chen, C. L., Cheng, L. L., Kuan, C. C. and Hou, R. F. (1981) Studies on the intracellular yeast-like symbiotes in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal. I. Histological observations and population changes of the symbiote. Z. Angew. Ent. 91, 321327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
43.Chiang, H. C. and Huffaker, C. B. (1976) Insect pathology and microbial control of insects in the People's Republic of China. In Proceedings of the 1st International Colloquim on Invertebrate Pathology and IXth Annual Meeting of the Society for Invertebrate Pathology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada, pp. 4246.Google Scholar
44.Chiu, C. S. (1979a) The nutural enemies of green leafhopper and brown planthopper. In Diseases and Insect Pests of Rice: Ecology and Epidemiology. Taipei, Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction, 1979 (in Chinese), pp. 4782.Google Scholar
45.Chiu, C. S. (1979b) Biological control of the brown planthopper. In Brown Planthopper: Threat to Rice Production in Asia. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines, pp. 335355.Google Scholar
46.Chiu, S. F. (1984) Recent advances in the integrated control of rice insects in China. Bull. Ent. Soc. Am. 30, 4146.Google Scholar
47.Chu, Y. I. and Hirashima, Y. (1981) Survey of Taiwanese literature on the natural enemies of rice leafhoppers and planthoppers. Esakia Occas. Pap. Hikosan Biol. Lab. Ent. 16, 3337.Google Scholar
48.Delius, H. and Flugel, R. M. (1984) DNA analysis of insect iridescent virus 6: Evidence for circular permutation and terminal redundancy. J. Virol. 49, 609614.Google Scholar
49.Delobel, A. (1977) A review of the control of rice stem borers in tropical Asia. Cah. Ser. Biol. ORSTOM (Off. Rech. Sci. Tech. Outre-Mer Paris) 12, 5564.Google Scholar
50.Devanesan, S. and Jacob, A. (1980) Studies on a nuclear polyhedrosis of the rice case worm Nymphula depunctalis Guen. (Pyraustidae; Lepidoptera). Entomon 5, 277284.Google Scholar
51.Devanesan, S., Jacob, A., Kuruvilla, S. and Mathai, S. (1979) Infection of Nephotettix virescens (Cicadellidae; Homoptera) by Fusarium equiseti. Entomon 4, 304305.Google Scholar
52.Dilawari, V. K., Mahal, M. S. and Bains, S. S. (1981) Role of a braconid parasite and a viral disease in the population decline of armyworm Mythimna separata Walker (Noctuidae; Lepidoptera) during an outbreak. Indian J. Ent. 8, 6573.Google Scholar
53.Dhaduti, S. G. and Mathad, S. B. (1978) Effect of NPV of the armyworm Mythimna (Pseudaletia) separata on the silkworm Bombyx mori. Experientia (Basel) 35, 81.Google Scholar
54.Dhaduti, S. G. and Mathad, S. B. (1979) Effect of nuclear polyhydrosis virus of the armyworm Mythimna (Pseudaletia) separata on the tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta. Curr. Sci. 48, 750751.Google Scholar
55.Dhaduti, S. G. and Mathad, S. B. (1981) Effect of NPV of the armyworm Mythimna (Pseudaletia) separata on eri silkworm Philosamia ricini (Hutt.). Entomon 6, 115116.Google Scholar
56.Dyck, V. A. and Orlido, G. C. (1977) Control of the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) by natural enemies and timely application of narrow-spectrum insecticides. In The Rice Brown Planthopper, pp. 5872. Compiled by the Food and Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region, August 1977, Tapei, Taiwan.Google Scholar
57.Esaki, T. (1932) Natural enemies of rice hoppers. Oyo-Dobutsugaku Zasshi 4, 128130 (in Japanese).Google Scholar
58.Esaki, T. and Hashimoto, S. (1933) Report on the leafhoppers injurious to the rice plant and their natural enemies. IV. Entomological Laboratory of the Department of Agriculture, Kyushu Imperial University, Publ. 4.Google Scholar
59.Esaki, T. and Hashimoto, S. (1936) Report on the leafhoppers injurious to the rice plant and their natural enemies. VII. Entomological Laboratory of the Department of Agriculture, Kyushu Imperial University, Publ. 7.Google Scholar
60.Esaki, T. and Hashimoto, S. (1937) Report on the leafhoppers injurious to the rice plant and their natural enemies. VIII. Entomological Laboratory of the Department of Agriculture, Kyushu Imperial University, Publication 8.Google Scholar
61.Falcon, L. A. (1985) Development and use of microbial insecticides. In Biological Control in Agricultural IPM Systems (Edited by Hoy, M. A. and Herzog, D. C.), pp. 229241. Academic Press, NY, London.Google Scholar
62.Faulkner, P. and Boucias, D. G. (1985) Genetic improvement of insect pathogens: Emphasis on the use of baculoviruses. In Biological Control in Agricultural IPM Systems (Edited by Hoy, M. A. and Herzog, D. C.), pp. 263281. Academic Press, NY, London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
63.Ferino, M. P. (1968) The biology and control of the rice leaf whorl-maggot, Hydrellia philippina Ferino (Ephydridae, Diptera). Philipp. Agric. 52, 332383.Google Scholar
64.Ferron, P. (1981) Pest control by the fungi Beauveria and Metarhizium. Chapter 24, In Microbial Control of Pests and Plant Diseases 1970–1980. (Edited by Burges, H. D.), pp. xys465–483. Academic Press, London, NY.Google Scholar
65.Franz, J. M. and Krieg, A. (1980) Mikrobiologische Schadlingsbekampfung in China. Ein Reisebericht. Forum Mikrobiologie 3, 173176.Google Scholar
66.Fukaya, M. (1950) Chilo simplex Butler. Hoppo Shuppan Sha. Publ.Google Scholar
67.Fukaya, M. and Nasu, S. (1966) A Chilo iridescent virus (CIV) from the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker. Appl. Ent. Zool. 1, 96–72.Google Scholar
68.Gabriel, B. P. (1968) Entomogenous microorganisms in the Philippines: new and past records. Philipp. Ent. 1, 97130.Google Scholar
69.Gabriel, B. P. (1970) Additional records on the microbiota of Philippine insects. Philipp. Ent. 1, 465472.Google Scholar
70.Gabriel, B. P. and Padua, L. E. (1974) The use of coconut milk (gata) and other media in the culture of Entomophthora coronata. Philipp. J. Biol. 3, 107112.Google Scholar
71.Gabriel, B. P., Padua, L. E. and Medina, J. R. (1974) Comparison of Entomophthora coronata isolate and three insecticides against the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. Philipp. Ent. 3, 252.Google Scholar
72.Godse, D. B. and Nayak, P. (1983) Nuclear polyhedrosis of Sesamia inferens (Noctuidae; Lepidoptera), the pink stemborer of rice. Curr. Sci. 52, 682683.Google Scholar
73.Greathead, D. J. (1979) Critical review of natural enemies of insect pests on rice in south and south east Asia and their potential for biological control: proposals for biological studies to assist in development of integrated pests control in rice in south and south east Asia. Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control. Slough, England, p. 126.Google Scholar
74.Heimpel, A. M. (1972) Insect control by microbial agents. In National Academy of Science: Pest Control Strategies for the Future, pp. 298316. Washington, D. C., USAGoogle Scholar
75.Hibino, H., Saleh, N. and Roechan, M. (1979) Reovirus-like particles associated with rice ragged stunt diseased rice and insect vector cells. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. (Nihon Shokubutsu Byori Gakkai-Ho) 45, 229239.Google Scholar
76.Hinckley, A. D. (1963) Ecology and control of rice planthoppers in Fuji. Bull. Ent. Res. 54, 467481.Google Scholar
77.Hirashima, Y., Aizawa, K., Miura, T. and Wongsiri, T. (1979) Field studies on the biological control of leafhoppers and planthoppers (Hemiptera; Homoptera) injurious to rice plants in South East Asia: Progress report for the year 1977. Esakia Occas. Pap. Hikosan Biol. Lab. Ent. 13, 120.Google Scholar
78.Hongke, L. (1983) Studies on three Fusarium pathogens of rice insect pests. Acta Phytophylacica Sin. (Chin Wu Pao Hu Hsueh Pao) 10, 224 (in Chinese, English abstract).Google Scholar
79.Hongke, L. (1985) Entomopathogenic microorganisms of rice planthoppers and leafhoppers in China. Int Rice Res. Newsl. 10, 1314.Google Scholar
80.Hori, S. (1906) Entomophthora delphacis n.sp. Kantyagaku Zassi 1, 8183.Google Scholar
81.Hoy, M. A. and Herzog, D. C. (eds.) (1985) Biological Control in Agricultural 1PM Systems, Academic Press, Inc., NY, London, pp. 589.Google Scholar
82.Hsieh, L. Y. (1975) Seasonal population fluctuations of the green leafhopper and its natural enemies. Rice. Ent. Newsl. 3, 2930.Google Scholar
83.Hussey, N. W. and Scopes, N. (eds) (1985) Biological Pest Control: The Glasshouse Experience. Blandford Press, Poole, Dorset, UK, pp. 240.Google Scholar
84.Hussey, N. W. and Tinsley, T. W. (1981) Impressions of insect pathology in the People's Republic of China. Chapter 42, In Microbial Control of Pests and Plant Diseases 1970–1980 (Edited by Burges, H. D.), pp. 785795. Academic Press, London, NY.Google Scholar
85.Imamura, S. (1932) Mermithidae parasitic on Chilo simplex butler and leafhoppers. Oyo-Dobutsugaku Zasshi 4, 176180 (in Japanese).Google Scholar
86.Ishikawa, K. and Muroga, M. (1976) The influence of Chilo iridescent virus (CIV) infection on metamorphosis of host insects. I. Abnormality of metamorphosis with the virus infection. Jpn. J. Ent. Zool. 20, 6168.Google Scholar
87.Ishiy, T. (1973) Controle biologico de algumas pragas de arroz na Colombia. Lav. Arroz. 26, 1623.Google Scholar
88.Islam, M. A. (1977) Larval parasites of rice borers in Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Zool. 5, 125126.Google Scholar
89.Israel, P. and Padmanabhan, S. V. (1978) Biological control of stem borers of rice in India. Publication of the Central Rice Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Cuttack, India.Google Scholar
90.Israel, P., Rao, Y. R., Rao, V. J., Prasaka, P. S. and Varma, A. (1969) Control of the paddy cutworms by DD–136, a parasitic nematode. Curr. Sci. 38, 390391.Google Scholar
91.Jacob, A., Das, N. M. and Thomas, M. J. (1971) A granulosis virus of the rice leafroller Cnaphalocrosis medinalis Guenee (Pyraustidae; Lepidoptera). Agric. Res. J. Kerala 9, 103.Google Scholar
92.Jacob, A., Saradamma, K. and Thomas, M. J. (1973) A nuclear polyhedrosis of the rice swarming caterpillar, Spodoptera mauritia (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Curr. Sc. 42, 369.Google Scholar
93.Jacob, A., Pillai, Sasidharan and Rajan Asari, P. A. (1978) A nuclear polyhedrosis from rice case worm Nymphula depunctalis (Guen.) (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae). Curr. Sci. 47, 928929.Google Scholar
94.Jimenez, J. and Andrade, E. (1979) Reconocimiento, identificacion de insectos plagas, insectos beneflcicos y insectos del cultivo del arroz en Los Llanos Orientales. In Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario, pp. 197–201. Programa Nacional de Arroz. Informe Annual, Palmira, 1979–1978 (in Spanish).Google Scholar
95.Kaburaki, T. and Imamura, S. (1932) Mermethid worms parasitic in leafhoppers with notes on its life history and habits. Proc. Imp. Acad. (Tokyo) 8, 139141.Google Scholar
96.Kamano, S. and Inoue, H. (1955) On the parasitism of Isaria farinosa (Dicks.) Fr. upon the hibernating rice stemborer. Oyo-Kontyu 11, 4958.Google Scholar
97.Kelley, D. C., Elliott, R. M. and Blair, G. E. (1980) Phosphorylation of iridescent virus polypeptides in vitro. J. Gen. Virol. 48, 205211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
98.Kelley, D. C. and Robertson, J. S. (1973) Icosahedral cytoplasmic deoxyriboviruses. J. Gen. Virol. 20, 17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
99.Kelley, D. C. and Tinsley, T. W. (1972) The proteins of iridescent virus types 2 and 6. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 19, 273275.Google Scholar
100.Kelley, D. C. and Tinsley, T. W. (1973) Ribonucleic acid polymerase activity associated with particles of iridescent virus types 2 and 6. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 22, 199202.Google Scholar
101.Kelley, D. C. and Tinsley, T. W. (1974a) Iridescent virus replication: Patterns of nucleic acid synthesis in insect cells infected with iridescent virus types 2 and 6. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 24, 169178.Google Scholar
102.Kelley, D. C. and Tinsley, T. W. (1974b) Iridescent virus replication: a microscope study of Aedes aegypti and Antherea eucalypti cells in culture infected with iridescent virus type 2 and 6. Microbios 9, 7593.Google Scholar
103.Kelley, D. C., Elliott, R. M. and Blair, G. E. (1980) Phosphorylation of iridescent virus polypeptides in vitro. J. Gen. Virol. 48, 205211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
104.Khurana, A. D. (1972) Pests of rice and their control. Farm J. 13, 2326.Google Scholar
105.King, D. S. (1979) Systematics of fungi causing entomophthoramycosis. Mycologia 71, 731745.Google Scholar
105b.Knipling, E. F. (1979) The basic principles of insect population suppression and management. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook No. 512.Google Scholar
106.Kobayashi, T. (1986) The effect of insecticidal application to the rice stem borer on leafhopper populations. In Occurrence and Prediction of Diseases and Insect Pests, pp. 1126. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Tokyo, Japan, Special Report 6 (in Japanese).Google Scholar
107.Kumar, M. V. and Mathad, S. B. (1979) Effect of albino rat gastric juice on the virulence of Mythimna (Pseudaletia) separata nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Curr. Sci. 48, 872873.Google Scholar
108.Kuno, E. (1973) Population ecology of rice leafhoppers in Japan. Rev. Plant Prot. Res. 6, 116.Google Scholar
109.Kuruvilla, S. and Jacob, A. (1979a) Comparative susceptibility of nymphs and adults of Nilaparvata lugens to Fusarium oxysporum and its use in biological control. Agric. Res. J. Kerala 17, 287288.Google Scholar
110.Kuruvilla, S. and Jacob, A. (1979b) Host range of the entomogenous fungus Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht and its safety to three crop plants. Curr. Sci. 48, 603.Google Scholar
111.Kuruvilla, S. and Jacob, A. (1980a) Studies on Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht, infecting the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Stal. Agric. Res. J., Kerala 18, 5154.Google Scholar
112.Kuruvilla, S. and Jacob, A. (1980b) Pathogenicity of the entomogenous fungus Paecilomyces farinosus (Dickson ex Fries) to several insect pests. Entomon 5, 175176.Google Scholar
113.Kuruvilla, S. and Jacob, A. (1981) Mass culturing of Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht), entomogenous fungus of brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Stal. Agric Res. J., Kerala 19, 6668.Google Scholar
114.Kusumi, T., Sumi, Y., Kita, H. and Masu, S. (1980) Properties of intracellular symbiote of the smaller brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus Fallen (Hemiptera, Delphacidae). Appl. Ent. Zool. 15, 129132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
115.Li, H. K. (1982) Experiments on the insecticidal effects of Serratia marcescens. Wei Sheng Wu Hsueh Pao Microbiol. Bull. 9, 5557 (in Chinese, English abstract).Google Scholar
116.Li, W. F. (1978) The parasitical fungi of the brown planthopper and green leafhopper, screening tests for Beauveria bassiana. Wei Sheng Wu Hsueh Pao (Microbiol. Bull.) 3, 12 (in Chinese).Google Scholar
117.Li, W. F. (1980) A survey of the rice pest host of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.). Wei Sheng Wu Hsueh Pao (Microbiol. Bull.) 7, 103104 (in Chinese).Google Scholar
118.Li, W. F. (1981) The primary report on pathogens of major pests of rice. Hunan Nongye Kexue (Hunan Agricultural Science) 1981, 21–22 (in Chinese).Google Scholar
119.Lim, G. S. (1974) Potential for the biological control of rice insect pests. Int. Rice Res. Conf., April 22–25, 1974 on. 34, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines.Google Scholar
120.Lin, K. S. (1974) Notes on some natural enemies of Nephoteltix cincticeps (Uhler) and Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) in Taiwan. J. Taiwan Agric. Res. (Nung Yeh Yen Chui) 23, 91115 (in Chinese; English abstract).Google Scholar
121.Lippold, P. C. (1972) Principles of integrated control of rice pests. FAO Working Paper, International Rice Commission, Fourteenth Session of the Working Party on Rice Production and Protection, Bangkok, Thailand.Google Scholar
122.Lo, K. C. and Ho, C. C. (1980) The rice tarsonemid mite Steneotarsonemus spinki. Plant Prot. Bull. (Chih Wu Pao Hu Hsueh Hui Hui K'an) 22, 110.Google Scholar
123.Longworth, J. F. (1982) Pathogens, parasites and predators in pest control. In Proceedings of the 1st Australian Conference on Grassland Invertebrate Ecology, Adelaide, 30 Nov–4 Dec. 1981 (Edited by Lee, K. E.), pp. 137146.Google Scholar
124.Lukyanchikov, V. P. (1978) Granulosis virus baculovirus subgroup B of the moth Cnaphalocrocis medinalis. Vopr. Virusol. 4, 489493.Google Scholar
125.MacQuillan, M. J. (1974) Influence of crop husbandry on rice planthoppers (Homoptera; Delphacidae) in the Solomon Islands Agro-Ecosystems 1, 339358.Google Scholar
126.Manjunath, D. and Mathad, S. B. (1978) Temperature tolerance, thermal inactivation and ultraviolet light resistance of nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walk.), (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). Z. Angew. Ent. 87, 8290.Google Scholar
127.Manjunath, D. and Mathad, S. B. (1979) Infectivity studies of sunlight-exposed nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the armyworm Mythimna (Pseudaletia) separata. Comp. Physiol. Ecol. 4, 1516.Google Scholar
128.Manjunath, D. and Mathad, S. B. (1981a) Effect of sunlight on the infectivity of purified and non-purified NPV of the armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walk.). Indian J. Agric. Sci. 51, 750756.Google Scholar
129.Manjunath, D. and Mathad, S. B. (1981b) Stability of nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the armyworm Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) in soil. Entomon 6, 15.Google Scholar
130.Manjunath, T. M. (1978) Two nematode parasites of rice brown planthopper in India. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 3, 1112.Google Scholar
131.Manjunath, T. M., Rai, P. S. and Gowda, G. (1978a) Parasites and predators of Nilaparvata lugens in India. Pest Artie. News Summ. 24, 265269.Google Scholar
132.Manjunath, T. M., Rai, P. S. and Gowda, G. (1978b) Natural enemies of brown planthopper and green leafhopper in India. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 3, 11.Google Scholar
133.Mariania, N. K. and Farques, J. (1984) Specificite des Hyphomycetes entomopathogenes pour les larves de lepidopteres Noctuidae. Entomophaga 29, 451464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
134.Marques, E. J., Vilas Boas, A. M. and Pereira, C. E. F. (1981) Para producao do fungo entomogeno Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) em laboratorios setoriais. Bol. Tec. Planalsucar (Piracicaba) 3, 1–23 (in Portugese).Google Scholar
135.Martignoni, M. E. and Iwai, P. J. (1981) A catalogue of viral diseases of insects, mites and ticks. Appendix, pp. 897–911. In Microbial Diseases of Pests and Plant Diseases 1970–1980 (Edited by Burges, H. D.). Academic Press, London, NY, pp. 949.Google Scholar
136.Mathad, S. B. and Neelgund, Y. F. (1973) Reviews of the studies on the nuclear polyhedrosis. I. Nature, formation and infectivity of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus. J. Karnatak Univ. Sci. 18.Google Scholar
137.Mathai, S., Kuruvilla, S. and Jacob, A. (1979) Syncephalastrum racemosum, an entomogenous fungus of the rice leafhopper Cicadella spectra. Entomon 4, 215.Google Scholar
138.Mathur, S. B., Srivastava, R. P. and Subba Rao, B. R. (1966) Beauveria densa, pathogenic for the larvae of Chilo zonellus. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 8, 274276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
139.Medrano, F., Heinrichs, E. A. and Aguda, R. M. (1984) Control of Metarhizium anisopliae in brown planthopper rearing. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 9, 1516.Google Scholar
140.Meneses-Carbonell, R. (1983) Pathogens and nematodes for control of rice water weevil in Cuba. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 8, 1617.Google Scholar
141.Mitsuhashi, J. (1966a) Multiplication of Chilo iridescent virus in Chilo suppresalis tissues cultivated in vitro. Appl. Ent. Zool 1, 199201.Google Scholar
142.Matsuhashi, J. (1966b) Appearance of iridescence in the tissues of the rice stem borer larvae, Chilo suppressalis infected with Chilo iridescence virus. Appl. Ent. Zool. 1, 130137.Google Scholar
143.Matsuhashi, J. (1975) Cultivation of intracellular yeastlike organisms in the smaller brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus Fallen (Homiptera; Delphacidae). Appl. Ent. Zool. 10, 243245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
144.Mitsuhashi, J. and Kono, Y. (1975) Intracellular microorganisms in the green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler (Hemiptera; Deltocephalidae). Appl. Ent. Zool. 10, 19.Google Scholar
145.Mochida, O. and Okada, T. (1971) List of Delphacidae (Homoptera) in Japan with special reference to host plants, transmission of diseases and natural enemies. Bull. Kyushu Agric. Exp. Stn. 15, 737843.Google Scholar
146.Medrano, F., Heinrichs, E. A. and Aguda, R. M. (1984) Control of Metarhizium anisopliae in brown planthopper (BPH) rearing. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 9, 1516.Google Scholar
147.Mori, H. (1982) Insect pest, natural enemy and agricultural chemical: possibility of use of biological pest control together with chemical one. Kagaku To Seibutsu 20, 217219 (in Japanese).Google Scholar
148.Morimoto, T. (1952) Studies on the pathogenic fungi of insects. IV. Pathogenicity of causal fungi Oospora destructor, Spicaria rubido-purpurea and Isari farinosa to their host insects. Mem. Fac. Agric. Kochi University (Kochi Daigaku Nogakubu Kiyo) 1, 1522 (in Japanese, English abstr.).Google Scholar
149.Morimoto, T. (1957) Studies on the Oospora destructor as a control agent against the black rice bug. Mem. Fac. Agric. Kochi Univ. (Kochi Daigaku Nogakubu Kiyo) 2, 114.Google Scholar
150.Morimoto, T. (1959) Studies on muscardine attacking injurious insects of cultivated plants and on some antagonistic bacteria to muscardines. Mem. Fac. Agric. Kochi Univ. (Kochi Daigaku Nogakubu Kiyo) 7, 161.Google Scholar
151.Mostowfi, P. (1977) Integrated control of Chilo suppresalis in Iran. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 2, 8.Google Scholar
152.Mun, Y. P. (1982) Short notes on the biology and natural enemies of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee). Malays. Plant Prot. Soc. Newsl. 6, 45.Google Scholar
153.Narayanan, K. and Jayaraj, S. (1974) Observation on the pathogenicity of Serratia marcescens Bizio for certain lepidopteran insects. Madras Agric. J. 61, 9295.Google Scholar
154.Narayanasamy, P. and Baskaran, P. (1979) Field efficacy of a fungus, a bacterium and organic insecticides against rice pests. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 4, 19.Google Scholar
155.Nasu, S. (1965) Electron microscopic studies on transovarial passage of rice dwarf virus. J. Appl. Ent. Zool. 9, 225237.Google Scholar
156.Nasu, S. (1967) Rice leafhoppers. In International Rice Research Institute–The Major Insect Pests of the Rice Plant, pp. 493523. John Hopkins Press, Baltimore.Google Scholar
157.Nasu, S., Kusumi, T., Suwa, Y. and Kita, H. (1981) Symbiotes of planthoppers. II. Isolation of intracellular symbiotic microorganisms from the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens and immunological comparison of the symbiotes associated with rice planthoppers (Hemiptera; Delphicidae). Appl. Ent. Zool. 16, 8893.Google Scholar
158.Nayak, P. and Rao, Y. S. (1978) Occurrence of a new entomophilic nematode Parasitorhabditis on rice stemborer Sesamia inferens. Oryza J. Asso. Rice Res. Work. 14, 5154.Google Scholar
159.Nayak, P. and Srivastava, R. P. (1978a) Occurrence of a new fungal disease on the green horned caterpillar of rice. Curr. Sci. 47, 380381.Google Scholar
160.Nayak, P. and Srivastava, R. P. (1978b) A new bacterial disease of the green horned caterpillar of rice. Curr. Sci. 47, 234235.Google Scholar
161.Nayak, P. and Srivastava, R. P. (1979a) Nuclear polyhedrosis on certain insect pests of rice. Curr. Sci. 48, 122123.Google Scholar
162.Nayak, P. and Srivastava, R. P. (1979b) Occurrence of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. on certain rice pests. Indian J. Ent. 41, 99100.Google Scholar
163.Nayak, P., Rao, P. S. and Padmanabhan, S. Y. (1978) Effect of Thuricide on rice stem borers. Proe. Indian Acad. Sci. (B) 87, 5962.Google Scholar
164.Nayak, P., Srivastava, R. P. and Naik, G. (1978) Pathogenicity of Beauveria brongniartii on the rice skipper Parnaria mathias Fabr. Indian J. Ent. 40, 418419.Google Scholar
165.N'Doye, M. (1976) Influence d'une infection a Beauveria bassiana sur les survivants et la descendance de Chilo suppressalis (Lep.; Pyralidae). Entomophaga 21, 371376.Google Scholar
166.N'Doye, M. (1977) Sensibilite a divers champignons entomopathogenes et determinisme de la mycose a Beauveria bassiana chez chenilles et chrysalides de Chilo suppressalis. Bull. Inst. Fondam. Afr. Noir Ser-A Sci. Nat. 39, 303317.Google Scholar
167.Neelgund, Y. F. (1975) Studies on nuclear polyhedrosis of the armyworm Mythimna (Pseudaletia) separata (Walker). Thesis, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India, pp. 155.Google Scholar
168.Neelgund, Y. F. and Mathad, S. B. (1972) Nuclear polyhedrosis of Pseudaletia separata (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 65, 763764.Google Scholar
169.Neelgund, Y. F., Mathad, S. B. (1974a) Susceptibility of larva of the armyworm, Pseudaletia separata Walker (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) to various doses of its nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 12, 179181.Google Scholar
170.Neelgund, Y. F. and Mathad, S. B. (1974b) Comparative studies of development of the armyworm Pseudaletia separata Walker reared on napier grass and artificial diet. J. Karnatak Univ. Sci. 19, 713.Google Scholar
171.Neelgund, Y. F. and Mathad, S. B. (1974c) Studies on the maturation immunity of the armyworm Pseudaletia separata Wlk. infected with polyhedrosis virus. J. Karnatak Univ. Sci. 19, 1421.Google Scholar
172.Neelgund, Y. F. and Mathad, S. B. (1978) Transmission of nuclear polyhedrosis virus in laboratory population of the armyworm, Mythiamna (Pseudaletia) separata. J. Invert. Pathol. 31, 143147.Google Scholar
173.Nickel, J. L. (1964) Biological control of rice stem borers: a feasibility study. Int. Rice Res. Inst. (Los Baños) Tech. Bull. 2, pp. 67.Google Scholar
174.Nishida, T. and Wongsiri, T. (1972) Rice stemborer population and biological control in Thailand. Mushi 45 (suppl.), 2537.Google Scholar
175.Noda, H. (1974) Preliminary histological observation and population dynamics of intracellular yeast-like symbiotes in the smaller brown planthopper Laodelphax triatellus (Homiptera, Delphacidae). Appl. Ent. Zool. 9, 275277.Google Scholar
176.Noda, H. (1977) Histological and histochemical observation of intracellular yeast-like symbiotes in the fat body of the smaller brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (Homop.: Delphacid.). Appl. Ent. Zool. 12, 134141.Google Scholar
177.Noda, H. and Saito, T. (1979a) Effects of high temperature on the development of Laodelphax striatellus (Homoptera; Delphacidae) and on its intracellular yeast-like symbiotes. Appl. Ent. Zool. 14, 6475.Google Scholar
178.Noda, H. and Saito, T. (1979b) The role of intracellular yeast-like symbiotes in the development of Laodelphax striatellus (Homoptera, Delphacidae). Appl. Ent. Zool. 14, 453458.Google Scholar
179.Ohba, M. (1975) Studies on the pathogenesis of the Chilo iridescent virus. IV. Simultaneous infection of CIV and a nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Sci. Bull. Fac. Agric. Kyushu Univ. 30, 8386.Google Scholar
180.Ohba, M. and Aizawa, K. (1978) Comparative titration of Chilo iridescent virus in vivo and in vitro. J. Invert. Path. 32, 394395.Google Scholar
181.Ohba, M. and Aizawa, K. (1979) Multiplication of Chilo iridescent virus in non-insect arthropods. J. Invert. Path. 33, 278283.Google Scholar
182.Ohba, M. and Aizawa, K. (1982) Mammalian toxicity of an insect iridovirus Chilo iridescent virus. Acta Virol. (Praque) (Engl. ED.) 26, 165168.Google Scholar
183.Okada, T. (1971) An entomophthoraceous fungus, Conidiobolus coronatus, separated from planthoppers, Laodelphax striatellus Fallen and Nilaparvata lugens Stal. Proc. Assoc. Plant Prot. Kyushu 17, 107110.Google Scholar
184.Omura, T., Morinaka, T., Inoue, H. and Saito, Y. (1982) Purification and some properties of rice gall dwarf virus, a new phytoreovirus. Phytopathology 72, 12461249.Google Scholar
185.Otake, A. (1977) Natural enemies of the brown planthopper. In The Rice Brown Planthopper, pp. 4258. Compiled by the Food and Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region, August, 1977, Taipei, Taiwan.Google Scholar
186.Padua, L. E. and Gabriel, B. P. (1975) Coconut water as culture medium for Entomophthora coronata. Philipp. J. Biol. 4, 1722.Google Scholar
187.Padua, L. E., Gabriel, B. P. and Varca, A. (1975) Field performance of Entomophthora coronata as compared to MIPC against the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens). In Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference of the Pest Control Council of the Philippines, Cebu City, Philippines, May 5–7, 1975, p. 21.Google Scholar
188.Pagden, H. T. (1930) A preliminary account of three rice stemborers. Scientific Series, Department of Agriculture, Straits Settlements and Federal Malay States, No. 1.Google Scholar
189.Patel, P. K. (1971) Role of natural enemies in the control of a delphacid hopper, Sogatella furcifera (Hemiptera; Delphacidae). Int. Rice Comm. Newsl. 20, 2455.Google Scholar
190.Payne, C. C. (1982) Insect viruses as control agents. Parasitologia 84, 3579.Google Scholar
191.Pena, N. P. and Shepard, B. M. (1985) Parasitism on nematodes by three species of hopper pests of rice in Laguna, Philippines. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 10, 1920.Google Scholar
192.Petch, T. (1931) Notes on entomogenous fungi. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 16, 5575.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
193.Philip, B. M. and Jacob, A. (1982) Bacillus cereus Frankland and Frankland as a pathogen on the rice leaf roller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee (Pyraustidae, Lepidoptera). Curr. Sci. 51, 758759.Google Scholar
194.Philip, B. M., Nair, K. P. V. and Jacob, A. (1981) Host range of 2 entomogenous fungi Syncephalastrum racemosum and Penicillium oxalicum and their safety to certain crop plants. Entomon 6, 121122.Google Scholar
195.Poinar, G. O. (1979) Nematodes for Biological Control of Insects. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 277.Google Scholar
196.Poinar, G. O. and Chang, P. M. (1985) Hexamermis cathetospiculae n.sp. (Mermithidae, Nematoda), a parasite of the rice stemborer, Tryporyza incertulas (Wlk.) (Pyralidae; Lepidoptera) in Malaysia. J. Nematol. 17, 360363.Google Scholar
197.Rabindra, R. J. (1973) A nuclear polyhedrosis of rice moth Corcyra cephalonica St. (Lepidoptera; Galeriidae). Curr. Sci. 42, 757.Google Scholar
198.Ramakrishnan, N. and Kumar, S. (1981) Recent advances in insect pathology in India. In Recent Advances in Entomology in India (Edited by Ananthakrishnan, T. N.), pp. 7997. Madras University Press, Madras, India.Google Scholar
199.Rangaswami, G. and Ramamurthi, K. (1964) Preliminary studies on the pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis on some crop pests. Curr. Sci. 33, 222223.Google Scholar
200.Rao, P. R. M. and Rao, R. S. P. (1979a) Effects of biocides on brown planthopper adults on rice. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 4, 20.Google Scholar
201.Rao, P. R. M. and Rao, P. S. P. (1979b) Note on the use of Bacillus thuringiensis and extracts of Eclipta alba (L.) Hassak. and Azadirachta indica A. Juss. for the control of the rice brown planthopper. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 49, 905906.Google Scholar
202.Rao, P. S. (1975) Widespread occurrence of Beauveria bassiana on rice pests. Curr. Sci. 44, 441442.Google Scholar
203.Rao, P. S. P., Das, P. K. and Padhi, G. (1977) Note on compatibility of DD–136 Neoaplectana dutkyi, an insect parasitic nematode with some insecticides and fertilizers. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 45, 275277.Google Scholar
204.Rao, V. P. (1965) Natural enemies of stemborers and allied species in various parts of the world and possibilities of their use in biological control of rice stem borer in Asia. Tech. Bull. Commonw. Inst. Biol. Control 6, 168.Google Scholar
205.Rao, V. P. (1970) Aims, objectives and future of biological control of rice stem borers. Mushi 44, 1114.Google Scholar
206.Rao, V. P. (1972) Rice stem borers and their natural enemies in India, Pakistan, Ceylon and Malaysia. Mushi 45 (suppl.), 723.Google Scholar
207.Rao, V. P. and Manjunath, T. M. (1966) DD–136 nematode that can kill many insect pests. Indian Fmg. 16, 4243.Google Scholar
208.Rao, V. P., Ghani, M. A., Sankaran, T. and Mathur, K. C. (1971) A review of the biological control of insects and other pests in south-east Asia and the Pacific region. England, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux. 149 p. Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Contr. Tech. Commun. No. 6.Google Scholar
209.Rao, Y. R., Rao, P. S., Varma, A. and Israel, P. (1971) Tests with an insect parasitic nematode DD–136 (Nematoda; Steinernematidae) against the rice stem borer, Tryporyza incertulas Walker. Indian J. Ent. 33, 215217.Google Scholar
210.Rawat, S. N. and Dinahar, M. C. (1982) Survey of natural enemies of paddy insect pests in Chatisgarh (Madhya Pradesh). India. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 7, 1314.Google Scholar
211.Rezwany, N. and Schahosseini, D. (1972) Biology and ecology of the rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis Walker. Entomol. Phytopath. Appl. 43, 138 (in Persian, English abstract).Google Scholar
212.Roberts, D. W. and Humber, R. A. (1981) Entomogenous fungi. In Biology of Conidial Fungi, Vol. II (Edited by Cole, G. T. and Kendrick, B.). Academic Press, London, NY.Google Scholar
213.Roberts, D. W. and Humber, R. A. (1984) Entomopathogenic Fungi. Chapter, In Infection Processes of Fungi (Edited by Roberts, D. W. and Aist, J. R.). Conference Report of a Bellagio Conference, March 21–25, 1983. The RockefellerGoogle Scholar
214.Rombach, M. C., Humber, R. A. and Evans, H. C. (1986) Metarhizium album a pathogen of plant- and leafhoppers of rice. Trans. Br. Mycol. soc. 88, in press.Google Scholar
215.Rombach, M. C., Humber, R. A. and Roberts, D. W. (1986) Metarhizium flavoviride var. minus, var. nov. a pathogen of plant- and leafhoppers of rice in the Philippines and Solomon Islands. Mycotaxon 27, 8792.Google Scholar
216.Rombach, M. C. and Shepard, B. M. (1986) Biological control: Insect Pathogens. Chapter 8, In Management of Rice Insects. (Edited by Heinrichs, E. A.) Unpubl.Google Scholar
217.Rombach, M. C., Aguda, R. M., Shepard, B. M. and Roberts, D. W. (1986) Infection of the rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera; Delphacidae) by field application of entomopathogenic Hyphomycetes (Deuteromycotina). Environ. Ent. 15, 10701073.Google Scholar
218.Rombach, M. C., Aguda, R. M., Shepard, B. M. and Roberts, D. W. (1986) Entomopathogenic fungi (Deuteromycotina) in the control of the black bug of rice, Scotinophara coarctata (Hemiptera; Pentatomidae). J. Invert. Path. 48, 174179.Google Scholar
219.Roffey, J. (1965) Report to the Government of Thailand on Locust and Grasshopper Control. Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome, Report no. 2109.Google Scholar
220.Roffey, J. (1968) The occurrence of the fungus Entomophthora grylli F. on locusts and grasshoppers in Thailand. J. Invert. Path. 11, 237241.Google Scholar
221.Sakai, K. (1932) On the increase and decrease in a year of the enemies of rice leafhoppers near Oita, Kyushu. Oyo-Dobuts Zasshi 4, 124127 (in Japanese).Google Scholar
222.Samal, P., Misra, B. C. and Nyak, P. (1978) Entomophthora fumosa Speare, an entomogenous fungus on rice brown planthoppers. Curr. Sci. 47, 241242.Google Scholar
223.Samson, R. A. (1981) Identification: Entomopathogenic Deuteromycetes. Chapter 6, In Microbial Control of Pests and Plant Diseases 1970–1980 (Edited by Burges, H. D.), pp. 93107. Academic Press, London, NY, pp. 949.Google Scholar
224.Sasaba, T. and Kiritani, K. (1972) Evaluation of mortality factors with special reference to parasitism of the green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler (Homoptera; Deltocephalidae). Appl. Ent. Zool. 7, 8393.Google Scholar
225.Savanurmath, C. J. and Mathad, S. B. (1981) Efficacy of fenitrothion and nuclear polyhedrosis virus combinations against the armyworm Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). Z. Angew. Ent. 91, 464474.Google Scholar
226.Savanurmath, C. J. and Mathad, S. B. (1982) Competence of endosulfan integration with nuclear polyhedrosis virus in management of armyworm Mythimna (Pseudaletia) separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). Z. Angew. Ent. 93. 413420.Google Scholar
227.Shepard, B. M. and Rombach, M. C. (1984) Biological control: Status and Potential against Insect Pests of Rice. Seminar, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines, November 24, 1984, pp. 24.Google Scholar
228.Shimazu, M. (1976) Entomophthora delphacis isolated from the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. J. Appl. Ent. Zool. 20, 144150.Google Scholar
229.Shimazu, M. (1977a) Infectivity of Entomophthora delphacis (Entomophthorales; Entomophthoraceae) to the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera; Aphididae). Appl. Ent. Zool. 12, 200201.Google Scholar
230.Shimazu, M. (1977b) Factors affecting conidial germination of Entomophthora delphacis Hori (Entomophthorales; Entomophthoraceae). Appl. Ent. Zool. 12. 260264.Google Scholar
231.Shimazu, M. (1979) Resting spore formation of Entomophthora sphaerosperma (Entomophthorales; Entomophthoraceae) in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera; Delphacidae). Appl. Ent. Zool. 7, 8393.Google Scholar
232.Shreesam, S., Mathad, S. B., and Reddy, J. S. (1983) Histopathology of the armyworm, Mythimna (Pseudaletia) separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) infected with nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Entomon 2, 155162.Google Scholar
233.Sinha, S. K. and Prasad, M. (1975) A biological approach to control of the maize borer, Chilo zonellus (Swinhoe). Curr. Sci. 44 197198.Google Scholar
234.Soundararajan, K., Kumaraswami, T. and Kareem, A. (1984) An easy method for mass multiplication of the entomopathogenic fungus Cephalosporum lecanii Zimm. Curr. Sci. 53, 11521153.Google Scholar
235.Srivastava, R. P. and Mathur, S. B. (1970) Histopathological studies on the larvae of Chilo zonellus (Swinhoe) infected by an entomogenous fungus Beauveria densa (Link) Picard. Indian J. Ent. 32,87–88.Google Scholar
236.Srivastava, R. P. and Nayak, P. (1978a) Laboratory evaluation of four formulations of Bacillus thuringienis against Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Pyralidae; Lepidoptera), the rice leaf roller. Z. Pflanzenkr. Pflanzenschutz 85, 641644.Google Scholar
237.Srivastava, R. P. and Nayak, P. (1978b) An insect pathogenic bacterium, Serratia marcescens Bizio on rice pests. Indian J. Ent. 40, 439441.Google Scholar
238.Srivastava, R. P. and Nayak, P. (1978c) A white muscardine disease on brown planthopper of rice. Curr. Sci. 47, 355356.Google Scholar
239.Stapley, J. H. (1975) The problem of the brown planthopper on rice in the Solomon Islands. Rice Ent. Newsl. 3, 37.Google Scholar
240.Stapley, J. H. (1979) Notes on biological control in the Solomon Islands. IOBC/OILB, International Organization for Biological Control Newsletter 11/12, 45.Google Scholar
241.Steinhaus, E. A. (1947) Insect Microbiology. Comstock Publ. Co., Ithaca, NY, pp. 763.Google Scholar
242.Steinhaus, E. A. (1949) Principles of Insect Pathology. McGraw-Hill, NY, pp. 757.Google Scholar
243.Steinhaus, E. A. (1956) Microbial control—the emergence of an idea: A brief history of insect pathology through the nineteenth century. Hilgardia Calif. Agric. Exp. Stn. 26, 107160.Google Scholar
244.Steinhaus, E. A. (ed) (1963) Insect Pathology: An Advanced Treatise. Vol. I, II. Academic Press, NY, London, pp. 661 + 689.Google Scholar
245.Steinhaus, E. A. and Marsh, G. A. (1962) Report of diagnosis of diseased insects 1951–1962. Hilgardia Calif. Agric. Exp. Stn. 33, 349490.Google Scholar
246.Tateishi, I. and Murata, T. (1955) On the infection period of the parasitic fungus Isaria farinosis (Dicks) Fr. to Chilo simplex. Proc. Assoc. Plant Prot. Kyushu 1, 7576.Google Scholar
247.Tateishi, I. and Murata, T. (1958) On the parasitic fungus of the stem borer in Fukuoka. Proc. Assoc. Plant Prot. Kyushu 4, 1112.Google Scholar
248.Tateishi, I. and Murata, T. (1969) A new fungus infecting the rice stem borer. Proc. Ass. Plant Prot. Kyushu 15, 133–135 (in Japanese).Google Scholar
249.Tateishi, I. and Okada, Y. (1959) Ecological notes on the purplish stem borer, Sesamia inferens Wlk. Proc. Assoc. Plant Prot. Kyushu 5, 4142.Google Scholar
250.Tateishi, I., Murata, T. and Gyotoku, N. (1951) On the parasites of the rice stem borer. Kyushu Agric. Res. J., 16, 105.Google Scholar
251.Tateishi, I., Murata, T. and Hisano, S. (1955) On parasitism of muscardines to the larvae of Chilo simplex. J. Fac. Agric. Kyushu Univ. 8, 9394.Google Scholar
252.Teetor-Barsch, G. H. and Roberts, D. W. (1983) Entomogenous Fusarium species. Mycopathologia 84, 316.Google Scholar
253.Thomas, G. M. and Poinar, G. O. (1972) Report of diagnosis of diseased insects 1962–1972. Hilgardia Calif. Agric. Exp. Stn. 42, 261360.Google Scholar
254.Tinsley, T. W. (1979) The potential of insect pathogenic viruses as pesticidal agents. Annu. Rev. Ent. 24, 6387.Google Scholar
255.Tinsley, T. W. and Hussey, N. W. (1981) Impressions of Insect Pathology in the People's Republic of China. Chapter 42. In Microbial Control of Pests and Plant Diseases 1970–1980 (Edited by Burges, H. D.) pp. 785797. Academic Press, London, NY. pp. 949.Google Scholar
256.Tinsley, T. W. and Kelly, D. C. (1970) An interim nomenclature system for the iridescent group of insect viruses. J. Invest. Path. 16, 470472.Google Scholar
257.Tojo, S. and Kodama, T. (1968) Purification and some properties of Chilo iridescent virus. J. Invert. Path. 12, 6672.Google Scholar
257b.Toquebaye, B-S. and Bouix, G. (1983) Nosema manierae sp.n., microsporidie parasite de Chilo zacconius Blezenski (Lep., Pyralidae) hôte naturel et Heliothis armigera (Hubner) (Lep., Noctuidae) hôte expérimental: Cycle évolutif et ultrastructure. Z. Parasitenk. 69, 191205.Google Scholar
258.Torii, T. (1975) Feasibility of using the entomophilic nematode, DD–136, as a biotic insecticide against rice stem borers. In Approaches to Biological Control (Edited by Yamumatsu, K. and Mori, H.) pp. 8788. Japanese Committee for the International Biological Program. Univ. of Tokyo Press (J.I.P.B. Synthesis, Vol. 7) 142 pp.Google Scholar
259.Upadhyay, V. N., Nayak, M. L. and Rathore, Y. S. (1963) A note on a new entomogenous bacteria. Curr. Sci. 32, 554.Google Scholar
260.Varma, M. L., Agrawal, K. C., Upadhyay, A. R. and Patel, R. K. (1979) Observations on rice diseases and insects in Madhya Pradesh. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 49, 905906.Google Scholar
261.Veluswamy, Y. R., Janaki, I. P., Palaniswamy, A. and Jaganathan, T. (1973) Pathogenicity of Aspergillus flavus on rice skipper Pelopidas mathias (Hesperiidae; Lepidoptera). Madras Agric. J. 60, 57.Google Scholar
262.Venkatraman, T. V., Mathur, V. K. and Chander, R. (1962) Experiments on the possible use of Bacillus thuringiensis Berl. in the control of crop pests. Indian J. Ent. 24, 274277.Google Scholar
263.Wan, M. T. K. (1972) Observations on rice leaf- and planthoppers in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Malays. Agric. J. 48, 308335.Google Scholar
264.Watanabe, H. and Tanada, Y. (1972a) Comparative histopathology in larvae of armyworm Pseudaletia unipunctata Haworth (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) infected with two strains of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Appl. Ent. Zool. 7, 916.Google Scholar
265.Watanabe, H. and Tanada, Y. (1972b) Infection of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus in armyworm Pseudaletia unipunctata Haworth (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) reared at high temperature. Appl. Ent. Zool. 7, 4351.Google Scholar
266.Watanabe, H., Aratake, Y. and Kayamura, T. (1975) Serial passage of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the silkworm Bombyz mori in larvae of rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis. J. Invert. Path. 25, 1117.Google Scholar
267.Waterhouse, G. M. and Brady, B. L. (1982) Key to the species of Entomophthora sensu lato. Bull. Br. Mycol. Soc. 16, 113143.Google Scholar
268.Weiser, J., Matha, V., Tryachov, N. D. and Gelbic, I. (1985) Entomophaga grylli destruction of locust Oxya-hyla intricata in Vietnam. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 10, 1617.Google Scholar
269.Yadava, C. P. (1978) Toxicity of Bacillus thuhngiensis to the larvae of Sesamia inferens Walker (Noctuidae; Lepidoptera), the pink borer of rice. Oryza J. Asso. Rice Res. Work. 15, 105.Google Scholar
270.Yadava, C. P. and Rao, Y. S. (1970) On the effectiveness of the entomophilic nematode DD–136 in the biological control of insect pests of rice. Oryza J. Asso. Rice Res. Work. 7, 131137.Google Scholar
271.Yadava, C. P., Srivastava, R. P. and Nayak, P. (1979) Susceptibility of rice stem borers to the entomogenous fungus Beauveria brongniartii Sacc. Indian J. Ent. 41, 100102.Google Scholar
272.Yasumatsu, K. (1966) Distribution and bionomics of natural enemies of rice stem borers. Mushi 39, 3345.Google Scholar
273.Yasumatsu, K. (1976) Rice stem borers. In Studies in Biological Control (Edited by Delucchi, V. L.) pp. 121137. Cambridge Univ. Press, England, pp. 304.Google Scholar
274.Yasumatsu, K. (1983) La richesse de la faune de la riziere thailandaise en entomophages: son importance pour le developpement de la lutte integre en riziculture tropicale. Agron. Trop. Paris: Inst. Rech. Agron. Trop. Cult. Viv. 38, 5255.Google Scholar
275.Yasumatsu, K. and Torii, T. (1968) Impact of parasites, predators and diseases on rice pests. Annu. Rev. Ent. 13, 295324.Google Scholar
276.Yen, D. F. and Han, M. L. (1968) Studies on the pathogenicity of Cephalosphorium sp. to the rice black bug Scotinophora lurida Burm. Plant Prot. Bull. 10, 4758 (in Chinese, English abstract).Google Scholar
277.Yen, D. F. and Ooi, W. H. (1968) Physiological studies on an entomogenous fungus, Cephalosporium sp., of the rice stem borer. Mem. Coll. Agric. Nat. Taiwan Univ. 9, 5163.Google Scholar
278.Yen, D. F. and Tsai, Y. T. (1970) An Entomophthora infection in the rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps (Uhler). Plant Prot. Bull. 12, 1520.Google Scholar