Aliens — Asylum — Human rights — Refugee status — Protection from well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion — Homosexual persons as a “particular group” — Test to apply in determining whether a homosexual asylum claimant entitled to asylum

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951 — United Kingdom domestic law — Test devised in J v. SSHD for determining whether homosexual asylum claimant entitled to asylum — Whether proper test — Whether contrary to ordinary meaning of “refugee” — Whether contrary to object and purpose of Refugee Convention

Treaties — Interpretation — Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951 — Object and purpose of Refugee Convention — Article 1A — Whether homosexual persons a “particular social group” in need of international protection — Whether applicants having well-founded fear of persecution — Whether test devised in J v. SSHD proper test — The law of England