Aliens — Refugees — Rights of settled refugees — Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951 — Article 16 — Access of refugee to courts — Whether requiring courts of one State to take jurisdiction over claims relating to torture allegedly committed in another State

Human rights — Due process — Access to court for civil claim — European Convention on Human Rights, 1950, Article 6 — Proceedings in Swiss courts in respect of torture allegedly committed in another State — Whether judgment that Swiss courts lack jurisdiction a breach of Article 6(1) — Whether international law requires universal jurisdiction in respect of claims of torture

Human rights — Torture — Nature of prohibition of torture — Jus cogens status of prohibition — United Nations Convention against Torture, 1984 — Article 14(1) — Requirement that States provide remedies for victims of torture — Whether requiring universal jurisdiction in civil claims — Whether Convention imposing different requirements for civil and criminal jurisdiction — General Assembly resolution 60/147

Jurisdiction — Universal jurisdiction — Torture — United Nations Convention against Torture, 1984 — Article 14(1) — Requirement that States provide remedies for victims of torture — Whether requiring universal jurisdiction in civil claims — Absence of alternative forum