Arbitration — Boundary dispute — Demarcation by the Boundary Commission — Interpretation of the Commission’s mandate — Non-cooperation of the Parties — Demarcation by a list of boundary points and coordinates — Demarcation suspended for twelve months unless Parties cooperate or reach agreement on pillar emplacement

Territory — Land boundaries — Boundary dispute between Eritrea and Ethiopia — Demarcation — Non-cooperation of the Parties — Interpretation of the Commission’s mandate — Treaty interpretation — Demarcation by a list of boundary points and coordinates — Demarcation suspended for twelve months unless Parties cooperate or reach agreement on pillar emplacement — Use of modern techniques of image processing, terrain modelling and high-resolution aerial photography — Clarification of delimited boundary — “Environs” and “manifest impracticabilities”

Treaties — Principles of treaty interpretation — Agreement’s objective — Concept of institutional “effectiveness” — Requirement to fulfil Commission’s mandate — Meaning of “demarcation” as used in the work of Iraq-Kuwait Boundary Commission

Rivers — River boundary — River boundary to follow the middle of the main channel — Channel of greatest volume